J. L. Baglinière, A. G. Nieceza, F. Brana-vigil, and E. Prevost, Vérification des critères utilisés pour déterminer les positions des bandes hivernales sur la partie marine des ecailles de Saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar L.) adulte en France et en Espagne, Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, vol.323, pp.160-168, 1992.

J. L. Baglinière, Etude des populations de Saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. 1766) en Bretagne-Basse-Normandie. 1 -Caractéristiques des smolts de la Rivière Ellé, Annales d'Hydrobiologie, vol.7, pp.141-158, 1976.

J. L. Baglinière, La détermination de l'âge par scalimétrie chez le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) dans son aire de répartition méridionale : Utilisation pratique et difficultés de la méthode, Bulletin Français de Pêche et de Pisciculture, vol.298, pp.69-105, 1985.

J. L. Baglinière, L. Denais, E. Rivot, J. P. Porcher, E. Prévost et al., Length and age structure modifications of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations of Brittany and Lower Normandy from, vol.24, 1972.

J. L. Baglinière, R. Guyomard, M. Héland, D. Ombredane, and E. Prévost, Ecologie des populations de Poissons des cours d'eau à Salmonidés, L'eau dans l'espace rural. Vie et milieux aquatiques, pp.31-49, 2001.

J. L. Baglinière and H. Le-louarn, Caractéristiques scalimétriques des principales espèces de poissons d'eau douce de France. Français de Pêche et de Pisciculture 306, p.39, 1987.

J. L. Baglinière and G. Maisse, Precocious maturation and smoltification in wild Atlantic salmon in the armoricain Massif, Aquaculture, vol.45, pp.249-263, 1985.

J. L. Baglinière, G. Maisse, and A. Nihouarm, Comparaison of two methods of estimating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) wild smolt production, Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, vol.118, pp.189-291, 1993.

J. L. Baglinière and J. P. Porcher, Caractéristiques des stocks de reproducteurs et comportements lors de la migration génésique, Le Saumon atlantique : Biologie et gestion de la ressource, pp.101-122, 1994.

J. L. Baglinière, M. Thibault, and J. Dumas, Réintroductions et soutiens de populations du Saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.) en France. La Terre et la Vie Suppl, vol.5, pp.299-323, 1990.

T. D. Beacham, Variability in growth during the first 3 years of life of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.59, pp.614-620, 1981.

E. Beall, La phase de reproduction, Le Saumon atlantique : Biologie et gestion de la ressource, pp.123-140, 1994.

E. Beall, J. L. Baglinière, and P. Gaudin, Impact des changements climatiques sur les stratégies d'histoire de vie du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar), Rapport MICES INRA UMR ECOBIOP St Pée et UMR INRA-Agrocampus Rennes EQHC, vol.10, 2005.

E. Beall, P. Davaine, D. Bazin, and J. M. Blanc, Détermination d'un modèle de rétrocalcul pour l'estimation de la croissance de la truite de mer (Salmo trutta) à Kerguelen, Tissus durs et âge individuel des vertébrés, pp.193-198, 1991.

J. R. Beamish and C. Mahnken, A critical size and period hypothesis to explain natural regulation of salmon abundance and the linkage to climate and climate change, Progress in Oceanography, vol.49, pp.423-437, 2001.

M. J. Bernot, J. L. Tank, T. V. Royer, and M. B. David, Nutrient uptake in streams draining agricultural catchments of the midwestern United States, Freshwater Biology, vol.51, pp.499-509, 2006.

L. Bertin, Traité de Zoologie, Agnathes et Poissons: anatomie, éthologie, systématique Tome XIII, 1er fasc. Masson et Cie Ed, vol.924, p.pp, 1958.

T. C. Bjornn and W. Reiser, Habitat Requirements of salmonids in Streams, Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats, pp.83-138, 1991.

W. R. Meehan, American Fisheries Society Special Publication, vol.19, issue.4

T. Bohlin, C. Dellefors, and U. Faremo, Early sexual maturation of male sea trout and salmon -an evolutionary model and some practical implications, vol.63, pp.17-25, 1986.

T. Bohlin, C. Dellefors, and U. Faremo, Large or small at maturity -theories on the choice of alternative male strategies in anadromous salmonids, Annales Zoologici Fennici, vol.27, pp.139-186, 1990.

M. N. Bonnier, Agriculture et qualité des eaux : Les pratiques de fertilisation en Vallée du Scorff (Morbihan). DESS, vol.163, 1990.

K. D. Carlander, Standart intercepts for calculating lengths from scale. Measurements for some centrarchid and percid fishes, Transactions of American Fisheries Society, vol.111, pp.332-336, 1982.

F. Caron and P. M. Fontaine, L'état des stocks de saumon au Québec en 2002. Société de la faune et des parcs au Québec. Direction sur la Faune, p.48, 2003.

C. Y. Chang, C. Kendall, R. S. Silva, W. A. Battaglin, and D. H. Campbell, Nitrate stable isotopes: tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River basin, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.59, pp.1874-1885, 2002.

H. Craig, Isotopic standards for carbon and oxgyen and correction factors for massspectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, vol.12, pp.133-149, 1957.

R. L. Crozier and R. W. Zabel, Climate impacts at multiple scales: evidence for differential population responses in juvenile Chinook salmon, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.75, issue.5, pp.1100-1109, 2006.

R. A. Cunjak and R. G. Randall, In-stream movements of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during winter and early spring, Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, vol.118, pp.43-51, 1993.

M. Daufresne, M. C. Roger, H. Capra, and N. Lamouroux, Long-term changes within the invertebrate and fish communities of the Upper Rhône River: effects of climatic factors, Global Change Biology, vol.10, issue.1, pp.124-140, 2004.

D. Gaudemar, B. Bonzom, J. M. Beall, and E. , Effects of courtship and relative mate size on sexual motivation in Atlantic salmon, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.57, pp.502-515, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02692936

M. J. Deniro and S. Epstein, Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, vol.42, pp.495-506, 1978.

M. J. Deniro and S. Epstein, Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, vol.45, pp.341-351, 1981.

J. M. Elliott and M. A. Hurley, A functional model for maximal growth of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from two populations in northwest England, Functional Ecology, vol.11, pp.592-603, 1997.

M. L. Estep and S. Vigg, Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope tracers of trophic dynamics in natural populations and fisheries of the Lahontan Lake System, Nevada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.42, pp.1712-1719, 1985.

J. C. Finlay, S. Khandwala, and M. E. Power, Spatial scales of carbon flow in a river food web, Ecology, vol.83, pp.1845-1859, 2002.

R. I. Francis, Back-calculation of fish length: a critical review, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.36, pp.883-902, 1990.

K. D. Friedland, D. G. Reddin, and M. Castonguay, Ocean thermal conditions in the postsmolt nursery of North American Atlantic salmon, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.60, pp.343-355, 2003.

W. E. Frost and C. Kipling, The growth of charr, Salvelinus Willughbii Günther, in Windermere, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.16, pp.279-289, 1980.

B. Fry and B. Sherr, Delta13C measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and freshwater ecosystems, Contribution in Marine Science, vol.27, pp.13-47, 1984.

D. M. Gates, Climate change and its biological consequences, 1993.

R. Giovanni, Situation de la dégradation de la qualité des eaux courantes en Bretagne : cas des nitrates et des deux pesticides, l'atrazine et le lindane, Cybium, vol.20, pp.143-162, 1996.

M. R. Gross, Evolution of diadromy in fishes, American Fisheries Society Symposium, vol.1, pp.14-25, 1987.

M. R. Gross, One species with two biologies: Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in the wild and in aquaculture, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.131-144, 1998.

J. S. Harding, R. G. Young, J. W. Hayes, K. A. Shearer, and J. D. Stark, Changes in agricultural intensity and river health along a river continuum, Freshwater Biology, vol.42, pp.345-357, 1999.

R. R. Harrington, B. P. Kennedy, C. P. Chamberlain, J. D. Blum, and C. L. Folt, 15N enrichment in agricultural catchments: field patterns and applications to tracking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Chemical Geology, vol.147, pp.281-294, 1998.

M. Héland and J. Dumas, Ecologie et comportement des juvéniles, Le Saumon atlantique : Biologie et gestion de la ressource, pp.29-46, 1994.

M. A. Henderson and A. J. Cass, Effect of smolt size on smolt-to-adult survival for Chilko Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.48, pp.988-994, 1991.

R. Hile, Body-scale relation and calculation of growth in fishes, Transactions of American Fisheries Society, vol.3, pp.468-474, 1970.

R. Howarth, D. Anderson, J. Cloern, C. Elfring, C. Hopkinson et al., Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas, Issues in Ecology, vol.7, pp.1-15, 2000.

J. A. Hutchings and M. E. Jones, Life history variation and growth rate thresholds for maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.22-47, 1998.

J. Hutchings and R. A. Myers, Mating between andromous and non andromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.63, pp.2219-2221, 1985.

I. Imre, J. W. Grant, and R. A. Cunjak, Density-dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Catamaran Brook, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.74, pp.508-516, 2005.

A. Jearld, Age determination In Fisheries Techniques, pp.301-324, 1983.

B. Jonsson and N. Jonsson, Partial migration: niche shift versus sexual maturation in fishes, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, vol.3, pp.348-365, 1993.

B. Jonsson, T. Forseth, A. J. Jensen, and T. F. Naesje, Thermal performance in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, Functional Ecology, vol.15, pp.701-711, 2001.

N. Jonsson, L. P. Hansen, and B. Jonsson, Variation in age, size and repeat spawning of adult Atlantic salmon in relation to river discharge, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.60, pp.937-947, 1991.

, Evolution des caractéristiques démographiques des populations de Saumon atlantique (Salmo salar, L.) dans le Massif Armoricain de, en relation avec des variables environnementales. Mémoire de Master 2 Professionnel Biostatistiques et Modélisation Université Paul Sabatier, vol.50, p.p, 1972.

G. J. Kennedy and C. D. Strange, The effects of intra-and inter-specific competition on the sur-vival and growth of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and resident trout, Salmo trutta L., in an upland stream, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.28, pp.479-489, 1986.

C. Kipling, The use of the scale of the trout (Salmo trutta L.) for the back calculation of growth, Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer XXVII, issue.3, pp.304-315, 1962.

J. P. Koenings, H. J. Geiger, and J. J. Hasbrouck, Smolt-to-adult survival patterns of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): effects of smolt length and geographic latitude when entering the sea, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.50, pp.600-611, 1993.

R. M. Lee and J. M. Rinne, Critical thermal maxima of five trout species in the southwestern United States, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol.109, pp.632-635, 1980.

H. R. Maccrimmon and B. L. Gots, World distribution of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, Journal of Fisheries research Board of Canada, vol.36, pp.422-457, 1979.

M. J. Maceina, A simple regression model to assess environmental effects on fish growth, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.41, pp.557-565, 1992.

S. Manabe, P. C. Milly, and R. Wetherald, Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming, Hydrological Sciences, vol.49, issue.4, pp.625-642, 2004.

A. Mariotti, Atmospheric nitrogen is a reliable standard for natural 15N abundance measurements, Nature, vol.303, pp.685-687, 1983.

J. L. Martinez, P. Mor´-an, J. Perez, B. De-gaudemar, E. Beall et al., Multiple paternity increases effective population size of southern Atlantic salmon populations, Molecular Ecology, vol.9, pp.293-298, 2000.

F. Massa, Sédiments, physico-chimie du compartiment interstitiel et développement embryo-larvaire de la truite commune (Salmo trutta) : Etude en milieu naturel anthropisé et en conditions contrôlées, p.179, 2000.

F. Massa, J. L. Baglinière, P. Prunet, and C. Grimaldi, Survie embryo-larvaire de la truite (Salmo trutta) et conditions chimiques dans la frayère, Cybium, vol.24, pp.129-140, 2000.

S. D. Mccormick, L. P. Hansen, T. P. Quinn, and R. L. Saunders, Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.77-92, 1998.

N. B. Metcalfe, The interaction between behaviour and physiology in determining life history patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.93-103, 1998.

C. K. Minns, R. G. Randall, E. M. Chadwick, J. E. Moore, and R. Green, Potential impact of climate change on the habitat and population dynamics of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in eastern Canada, Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations, pp.699-708, 1995.

R. J. Beamish, Canadian Special. Publication Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic, vol.121

D. S. Moore, G. J. Chaput, and P. R. Pickard, The effect of fisheries on the biological characteristics and survival of mature Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Miramichi River, Water, science and the public, the Miramichi ecosystem, vol.123, pp.229-247, 1995.

A. G. Nicieza, F. Brana, and M. M. Toledo, Development of length-bimodality and smolting in wild stocks of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, under different growth conditions, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.38, pp.509-523, 1991.

D. Ombredane and J. L. Baglinière, Les écailles et leurs utilisations en écologie halieutique, Tissus durs et âge individuel des vertébrés, pp.151-192, 1992.

D. L. Parrish, R. J. Behnke, S. R. Gephard, S. D. Mccormick, and G. H. Reeves, Why aren't there more Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.281-287, 1998.

M. E. Perga and D. Gerdeaux, Using the ?13C and ?15N of whitefish scales for retrospective ecological studies: changes in isotope signatures during the restoration of Lake Geneva, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.63, pp.1197-1207, 1980.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02682572

J. C. Philippart, Dynamique des populations de poissons d'eau douce non exploitées, Problèmes d'Ecologie : La démographie des populations de vertébrés, 1975.

J. P. Porcher and J. L. Baglinière, Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France, Keith P. & Allardi J. (coords.). Patrimoines Naturels, vol.47, pp.240-243, 2001.

D. M. Post, Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions, Ecology, vol.83, pp.703-718, 2002.

, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for statistical Computing, 2005.

J. A. Raven, A. M. Johnston, J. R. Newman, and C. M. Scrimgeour, Inorganic carbon acquisition by aquatic photolithotrophs of the Dighty Burn, New Phytologist, vol.127, pp.271-286, 1994.

P. Riera, L. J. Stal, and J. Nieuwenhuize, Heavy ?15N in intertidal benthic algae and invertebrates in the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands): effects of river nitrogen inputs, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.51, pp.365-372, 2000.

D. K. Rowe and J. E. Thorpe, Differences in growth between maturing and non-maturing maleAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.36, pp.643-658, 1989.

D. E. Schindler, S. R. Carpenter, and J. J. Cole, Influence of food web structure on carbon exchange between lakes and the atmosphere, Science, vol.277, pp.248-250, 1997.

D. W. Schindler, The cumulative effects of climate warming and other human stresses on Canadian freshwaters in the new millennium, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.58, issue.1, pp.18-29, 2001.

B. J. Shuter and J. R. Post, Climate, population variability, and the zoogeography of temperate fishes, Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, vol.119, pp.314-336, 1990.

J. Y. Sire and J. Géraudie, Fine structure of developpig scales in the Cychlids Hemichromis bimaculatus (Pisces,Tteleostei, Perciformes), Acta Zoologica, vol.64, pp.1-8, 1983.

V. H. Smith, G. D. Tilman, and J. C. Nekola, Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, Environmental Pollution, vol.100, pp.179-196, 1999.

E. Strothotte, G. J. Chaput, and H. Rosenthal, Seasonal growth of wild Atlantic salmon juveniles and implications on age at smoltification, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.67, pp.1585-1602, 2005.

F. W. Tesh, Age and growth. In: Fish Production in Fresh Waters, Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp.98-130, 1971.

J. E. Thorpe, R. I. Morgan, E. M. Ottaway, and M. S. Miles, Time of divergence of growth groups between potential 1+ and 2+ smolts among sibling Atlantic salmon, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.17, pp.13-21, 1980.

P. M. Vitousek, Beyond global warming: Ecology and global change, Ecology, vol.75, pp.1861-1876, 1994.

T. Webb, . Iii, and P. J. Bartlein, Global changes during the last 3 million years: climatic controls and biotic responses, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.23, pp.141-173, 1992.

R. L. Welcome, River fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, vol.262, 1985.

M. Zivkov, Critique of proportional hypothesis and methods for back-calculation of fish growth, Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol.46, pp.309-320, 1996.

, Residual standard error: 62.49 on 160 degrees of freedom Multiple R-Squared: 0.7534, Residual standard error: 153.5 on 556 degrees of freedom Multiple R-Squared: 0.2156, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7518 F-statistic: 488.8 on 1 and 160 DF, pp.2-16

. One-sample-kolmogorov-smirnov,

, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2141 F-statistic: 152.8 on 1 and 556 DF, pp.2-16

. One-sample-kolmogorov,

, as.factor(dat$Station)23:dat$Date