Grey wolves were reintroduced in the northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) in the mid-1990s, at about the same time wolves discretely came on their own to France, crossing the Alps from Italy. Twentyfive years later, about 1,800 wolves inhabit the NRM while over 500 wolves live in France. The number of wolf packs (72) in the French Alps is similar to that in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The main difference, apart from the different landscapes, land tenures, and uses by humans, lies in the number of animals depredated in the two countries: a few hundred per year in the NRM; and more than 10,000 per year, mostly sheep, in France. Since 2008, yearly livestock killings due to wolves in France have grown linearly, reaching 12,515 in 2018. Why the differences between NRM and France? What went wrong in France? Don’t French wolves have access to wild ungulates as prey in the Alps? Aren’t livestock protected in France?