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, Building and maintaining personal capital-personal sustainability: empowerment, awareness, creative visioning, values and worldview clarification, acquisition of essential literacies and competencies, responsibility, well-being and health maintenance, vitality and spontaneity?
, Home and ecosystem maintenance: caring, loving, responsible, mutualistic, negentropic (capital building) relationships with diverse others (valuing equity & social justice), other species, place and planet
, Lifelong learning: positive total life-cycle personal development and 'progressive' change? Reference to such a comprehensive list-in contrast to just considering yield and profit-makes it clear that humans have hardly scratched the surface of achieving our potential for responsible decision making and for enabling progressive developments within farms and food systems (and, indeed, within all other aspects of one's life). Paradoxically, because of this, I consider that humans have reason to be hopeful about the future. Taking such a proactive, multifaceted, integrated, whole-system approach is central to my work as a social ecologist (Hill 2011a). I define social ecology as the study and practice of personal, social [including all economic, political and other institutional considerations], and ecological sustainability and change, based on Socio-political considerations 4. Building and maintaining social capital-cultural
, Inter-cultural and interpersonal capital: the valuing of 'functional' high cultural diversity, mutually beneficial relationships and the required competencies?
, Co-evolutionary change: positive cultural development and evolutionary change that benefits all involved? Environmental considerations 7. Building and maintaining natural capital: effective ecosystem functioning, resilience and ecological sustainability? 8. 'Functional' high biodiversity, and prioritised use and conservation of resources?
, Positive ecosystem development and co-evolutionary change? General considerations
, Proactive (vs. reactive) design/redesign (vs. just efficiency & substitution) and small meaningful collaborative initiatives that one can guarantee to carry through to completion (vs. heroic, Olympic-scale, exclusive, high-risk ones), and public celebration at each stage-to facilitate the spread of initiatives-thereby making well-being and environmental caring
, A focus on key opportunities and windows for change (contextually unique change 'moments' & places)?
, Effective evaluation and monitoring: (broad, long-term, as well as specific & short-term) by identifying and using integrator indicators and testing questions, and by being attentive to all feedback and outcomes
, Ecological Foundations and Models for the Design and Management of Sustainable Systems Underlying all eco-design/redesign and management initiatives, there must be a comprehensive understanding of ecology, including the ecological foundational concepts presented in Box 22, Foundational Concepts for a comprehensive understanding of ecology: ? limiting factors and their substitutes, 2005.
, ? microhabitats, niches and territoriality
,
, ? numbers, biomass, energy flow and the specifics of resource partitioning and budgeting
, ? guilds, roles and keystone species
, ? system maintenance and service functions
, ? resilience and ecosystem resistance
, ? succession, developmental and intergenerational change
, ? feedback loops, co-evolutionary processes, altruism and group selection
, ? functional diversity, system stability and homeostasis
, ? specialists and generalists (eurytypic and stenotypic expressions of lifestyle), and r and K strategists
, ? entropy and negentropy
, ? specific indicators and integrator indicators
,
, ? catalysis and amplification
, ? non-linearity, cyclic and threshold relationships
, ? integrated web-like relationships
, ? homeostatic, self-regulative and regenerative processes
Fundaa dozen other countries (Catacutan et al. 2009), and has enabled many conventional producers to take important steps towards conserving resources and biodiversity, and becoming more sustainable, ? adaptation, addiction, allergy and system degeneration (the result of adaptive processes, over time, becoming maladaptations); textbooks: Andrewartha HG, Birch LC, 1984. ,
Lecomte's (1962) rotational grazing ,
(1974) integration of Biodynamics (Koepf 1989) and French Intensive Raised Beds (culture maraîchère ,
Natural Systems Agriculture (originally developed in 1977), 2002. ,
, ? various initiatives of the New Alchemy Institute, 1984.
, ? Fukuoka's (1985) Natural Farming
, ? Savory and Parson's (1980) Holistic Resource Management 9
Additional design ideas may be gained by consulting the parallel habitat eco-design literature 11 . Interestingly, the greatest developments in ecomimicry have been made by architects and non, p.12, 2008. ,
The strategies involved are exemplary of the kind of design/redesign approach that I am advocating. In this case, they focus on identifying possible initiatives at every stage in the crop and livestock production process that might support the crop or livestock and (i) make it less attractive and (ii) more resistant to its pests, and (iii) make the habitat more supportive of the natural controls of the pest, and (iv) less supportive of the pests. For crops, 1984. ,
, ? site selection and preparation
, , 2006.
, , 1997.
, Outstanding examples include: Aberley, 1994.
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, , 1977.
, , 1971.
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