O. Boecking and E. Genersch, Varroosis-The Ongoing Crisis in Bee Keeping, J. Consum. Prot. Food Saf, vol.3, pp.492-506, 2008.

L. Conte, Y. Ellis, M. Ritter, and W. , Varroamites and honey bee health: Can varroa explain part of the colony losses?, Apidologie, vol.41, pp.353-363, 2010.

F. Mondet, M. Parejo, M. D. Meixner, C. Costa, P. Kryger et al., Evaluation of suppressed mite reproduction (SMR) reveals potential for varroa resistance in European honey bee

L. Wilfert, G. Long, H. C. Leggett, P. Schmid-hempel, R. K. Butlin et al., Deformed wing virus is a recent global epidemic in honeybees driven by Varroa mites, Science, vol.351, pp.594-597, 2016.

S. J. Martin and P. Kryger, Reproduction of Varroa destructor in South African honey bees: Does cell space influence Varroa male survivorship? Apidologie, vol.33, pp.51-61, 2002.

D. Sammataro, U. Gerson, and G. Needham, Parasitic Mites of Honey Bees: Life History, Implications, and Impact, Annu. Rev. Èntomol, vol.45, pp.519-548, 2000.

B. Dainat, J. D. Evans, Y. P. Chen, L. Gauthier, and P. Neumann, Predictive Markers of Honey Bee Colony Collapse, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012.

E. Genersch, W. Von-der-ohe, H. Kaatz, A. Schroeder, C. Otten et al., The German bee monitoring project: A long term study to understand periodically high winter losses of honey bee colonies, Apidologie, vol.41, pp.332-352, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00892101

B. P. Bajuk, K. Babnik, T. Snoj, L. Mil?inski, M. P. Ocepek et al., Coumaphos residues in honey, bee brood, and beeswax after Varroa treatment, vol.48, pp.588-598, 2017.

L. Conte, Y. De-vaublanc, G. Crauser, D. Jeanne, F. Rousselle et al., Honey bee colonies that have survivedVarroa destructor, Apidologie, vol.38, pp.566-572, 2007.

H. R. Mattila and T. D. Seeley, Genetic Diversity in Honey Bee Colonies Enhances Productivity and Fitness, Science, vol.317, pp.362-364, 2007.

B. Locke, Natural Varroa mite-surviving Apis mellifera honeybee populations, Apidologie, vol.47, pp.467-482, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532364

P. Neumann and T. Blacquière, The Darwin cure for apiculture? Natural selection and managed honeybee health, Evol. Appl, vol.10, pp.226-230, 2016.

J. N. Calis, I. Fries, and S. C. Ryrie, Population modelling of Varroa jacobsoni Oud, Apidologie, vol.30, pp.111-124, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891572

C. Kurze, J. Routtu, and R. Moritz, Parasite resistance and tolerance in honeybees at the individual and social level, Zoology, vol.119, pp.290-297, 2016.

M. Guichard, V. Dietemann, M. Neuditschko, and B. Dainat, Three Decades of Selecting Honey Bees that Survive Infestations by the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor: Outcomes, Limitations and Strategy, pp.1-83

J. R. Harbo and J. W. Harris, Suppressing Mite Reproduction: SMR an Update. Bee Cult, vol.130, pp.46-48, 2002.

L. Mondragón, M. Spivak, and R. Vandame, A multifactorial study of the resistance of honeybees Apis mellifera to the mite Varroa destructor over one year in Mexico, Apidologie, vol.36, pp.345-358, 2005.

H. P. Wendel and P. Rosenkranz, Invasionsgeschwindigkeit und Fertilität von Varroa-Weibchen in aufeinanderfolgenden Reproduktionszyklen, Apidologie, vol.21, pp.372-374, 1990.

J. R. Harbo and J. W. Harris, Heritability in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Characteristics Associated with Resistance to Varroa jacobsoni(Mesostigmata: Varroidae), J. Econ. Èntomol, vol.92, pp.261-265, 1999.

S. Fuchs, Non-reproducing Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in honey bee worker cells?status of mites or effect of brood cells?, Exp. Appl. Acarol, vol.18, pp.309-317, 1994.

N. Milani, G. Della-vedova, and F. Nazzi, Z)-8-Heptadecene reduces the reproduction of Varroa destructor in brood cells, Apidologie, vol.35, pp.265-273, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891870

M. Oddie, B. Dahle, and P. Neumann, Reduced Postcapping Period in Honey Bees Surviving Varroa destructor by Means of Natural Selection, vol.9, p.149, 2018.

F. Mondet, A. Beaurepaire, A. Mcafee, B. Locke, C. Alaux et al., Honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasite Varroa destructor: A systematic review of phenotypic and genomic research efforts, Int. J. Parasitol, vol.50, pp.433-447, 2020.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02909591

J. R. Harbo and J. W. Harris, Suppressed mite reproduction explained by the behaviour of adult bees, J. Apic. Res, vol.44, pp.21-23, 2005.

J. W. Harris, R. G. Danka, J. D. Villa, and . Bees, Hymenoptera: Apidae) With the Trait of Varroa Sensitive Hygiene Remove Brood with All Reproductive Stages of Varroa Mites (Mesostigmata: Varroidae)

, Ann. Èntomol. Soc. Am, vol.103, pp.146-152, 2010.

M. J. Kirrane, L. I. De-guzman, P. M. Whelan, A. M. Frake, and T. E. Rinderer, Evaluations of the Removal of Varroa destructor in Russian Honey Bee Colonies that Display Different Levels of Varroa Sensitive Hygienic Activities, J. Insect Behav, vol.31, pp.283-297, 2018.

M. J. Kirrane, L. I. De-guzman, B. Holloway, A. M. Frake, T. E. Rinderer et al., Phenotypic and Genetic Analyses of the Varroa Sensitive Hygienic Trait in Russian Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies, PLoS ONE, vol.10, 2015.

R. G. Danka, J. W. Harris, and G. E. Dodds, Selection of VSH-derived "Pol-line" honey bees and evaluation of their Varroa-resistance characteristics, Apidologie, vol.47, pp.483-490, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532343

M. Oddie, R. Büchler, B. Dahle, M. Kova?i?, Y. Le-conte et al., Rapid parallel evolution overcomes global honey bee parasite, Sci. Rep, vol.8, p.7704, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02621502

S. J. Martin and L. Brettell, Deformed Wing Virus in Honeybees and Other Insects, Annu. Rev. Virol, vol.6, pp.49-69, 2019.

J. R. Harbo and J. W. Harris, Resistance to Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) when mite-resistant queen honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were free-mated with unselected drones, J. Econ. Èntomol, vol.94, pp.1319-1323, 2001.

J. R. Harbo and J. W. Harris, An Evaluation of Commercially Produced Queens That Have the SMR Trait, Am. Bee J, vol.143, pp.2013-2016, 2003.

M. Buchegger, R. Buechler, B. Fuerst-waltl, M. Kova?i?, and A. Willam, Relationships between resistance characteristics of honey bees (Apis mellifera) against Varroa mites (Varroa destructor), J. Central Eur. Agric, vol.19, pp.954-958, 2018.

R. Büchler and W. Drescher, Variance and Heritability of the Capped Developmental Stage in European Apis Mellifera L. and Its Correlation with Increased Varroa Jacobsoni Oud, Infestation. J. Apic. Res, vol.29, pp.172-176, 1990.

M. Lodesani, K. Crailsheim, and R. Moritz, Effect of some characters on the population growth of mite Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera L colonies and results of a bi-directional selection, J. Appl. Èntomol, vol.126, pp.130-137, 2002.

A. Ibrahim, G. S. Reuter, and M. Spivak, Field trial of honey bee colonies bred for mechanisms of resistance againstVarroa destructor, Apidologie, vol.38, pp.67-76, 2007.

A. Ibrahim and M. Spivak, The relationship between hygienic behavior and suppression of mite reproduction as honey bee (Apis mellifera) mechanisms of resistance toVarroa destructor, Apidologie, vol.37, pp.31-40, 2005.

R. Büchler, C. Costa, F. Mondet, N. Kezic, and M. Kovacic, New Smr Protocol. Available online, p.22, 2020.

V. Dietemann, F. Nazzi, S. J. Martin, D. L. Anderson, B. Locke et al., Standard methods for varroa research, J. Apic. Res, vol.52, pp.1-54, 2013.

C. Andere, M. Palacio, E. Rodriguez, M. T. Dominguez, E. Figini et al., Evaluation of honey bee defensive behavior in Argentina-A field method, Am. Bee J, vol.140, pp.975-978, 2000.

J. Hernandez, A. Maisonnasse, M. Cousin, C. Beri, C. Le-quintrec et al., Honeybee COLony Structure EVALuation for Field Surveys
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02623036

, The R Project for Statistical Computing, p.13, 2012.

J. Fox and S. Weisberg, An R Companion to Applied Regression, 2019.

W. N. Venables and B. D. Ripley, Modern Applied Statistics with S, 2002.

J. Josse and F. Husson, missMDA: A Package for Handling Missing Values in Multivariate Data Analysis, J. Stat. Softw, vol.70, pp.1-31, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01314945

A. Kuznetsova, P. B. Brockhoff, and R. H. Christensen, lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models, J. Stat. Softw, vol.82, pp.1-26, 2017.

A. F. Zuur, E. N. Ieno, N. Walker, A. A. Saveliev, and G. M. Smith, Mixed Effects Modelling for Nested Data, pp.101-142, 2009.

D. Bates, M. Mächler, B. Bolker, and S. Walker, Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme, J. Stat. Softw, vol.67, pp.1-48, 2015.

L. Conte, Y. Mondet, and F. , Natural Selection of Honeybees Against Varroa destructor. In Beekeeping-From Science to Practice, pp.189-194, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02790490

E. Facchini, P. Bijma, G. Pagnacco, R. Rizzi, and E. W. Brascamp, Hygienic behaviour in honeybees: A comparison of two recording methods and estimation of genetic parameters, Apidologie, vol.50, pp.163-172, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02488854

S. Maucourt, Genetic Selection of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) in a Northern Climate, Proceedings of the 46th Apimondia International Apicultural Congress, pp.8-12, 2019.

T. E. Rinderer, J. W. Harris, G. J. Hunt, and L. I. De-guzman, Breeding for resistance toVarroa destructorin North America, Apidologie, vol.41, pp.409-424, 2010.

J. M. Kulincevic, T. E. Rinderer, and D. J. Uro?evi?, Seasonality and Colony Variation of Reproducing and Non-Reproducing Varroa Jacobsoni Females in Western Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Worker Brood, Apidologie, vol.19, pp.173-180, 1988.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00890739

K. Bienefeld, J. Radtke, and F. Zautke, Einfluss der Temperaturregulierung im Bienenvolk auf den Reproduktionserfolg von Varroa jacobsoni Oud, Apidologie, vol.26, pp.329-331, 1995.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891279

J. W. Harris, J. D. Villa, and R. G. Danka, Environmental effects on the growth of varroa mite populations. Bee Cult, vol.132, pp.23-25, 2004.

R. Büchler, Varroa tolerance in honey bees-Occurrence, characters and breeding, Bee World, vol.49, pp.6-18, 1994.

J. P. Momot and W. C. Rothenbuhler, Behaviour Genetics of Nest Cleaning in Honeybees. VI. Interactions of Age and Genotype of Bees, and Nectar Flow, J. Apic. Res, vol.10, pp.11-21, 1971.

M. Greatti, N. Milani, and F. Nazzi, Reinfestation of an acaricide-treated apiary byVarroa jacobsoni Oud, Exp. Appl. Acarol, vol.16, pp.279-286, 1992.

E. Frey and P. Rosenkranz, Autumn invasion rates of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) into honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies and the resulting increase in mite populations, J. Econ. Èntomol, vol.107, pp.508-515, 2014.

D. T. Peck, M. L. Smith, and T. D. Seeley, Varroa destructor Mites Can Nimbly Climb from Flowers onto Foraging Honey Bees, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016.

S. Weller, Populationsdynamik der Parasitischen Bienenmilbe Varroa Destructor in Vorselektierten Bienenvölkern (A. mellifera L.) unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung der Reproduktion, 2008.

K. Ward, R. Danka, and R. Ward, Comparative performance of two mite-resistant stocks of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Alabama beekeeping operations, J. Econ. Entomol, vol.101, pp.654-659, 2008.

G. Leclercq, B. Pannebakker, N. Gengler, B. K. Nguyen, and F. Francis, Drawbacks and benefits of hygienic behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): A review, J. Apic. Res, vol.56, pp.366-375, 2017.

K. Wagoner, M. Spivak, and O. Rueppell, Brood Affects Hygienic Behavior in the Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae), J. Econ. Èntomol, vol.111, pp.2520-2530, 2018.

J. D. Villa, R. G. Danka, and J. W. Harris, Repeatability of measurements of removal of mite-infested brood to assess Varroa Sensitive Hygiene, J. Apic. Res, vol.56, pp.631-634, 2017.