G. N. Kohbodi, A. Noor, and . Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated, StatPearls, 2018.

L. Bassi, G. Ferrer, M. Marti, J. D. Comaru, T. Torres et al., Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.35, pp.469-481, 2014.

A. Torres, M. S. Niederman, J. Chastre, S. Ewig, P. Fernandez-vandellos et al., International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax (ALAT), vol.50, p.1700582, 2017.

K. Aykac, Y. Ozsurekci, and S. T. Basaranoglu, Future Directions and Molecular Basis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Can. Respir. J, 2017.

S. Y. Chi, T. O. Kim, C. W. Park, J. Y. Yu, B. Lee et al., Bacterial pathogens of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary referral hospital, Tuberc. Respir. Dis, vol.73, pp.32-37, 2012.

V. Injac, U. Batranovic, J. Matijasevic, M. Vukoja, M. Hadnadjev et al., Etiology and resistance patterns of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a respiratory intensive care unit, vol.74, pp.954-962, 2017.

M. Ferrer, L. F. Difrancesco, A. Liapikou, M. Rinaudo, M. Carbonara et al., Polymicrobial intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia: Prevalence, microbiology and outcome, Crit. Care, vol.19, p.450, 2015.

E. Bouza, M. Giannella, M. V. Torres, P. Catalán, C. Sánchez-carrillo et al., Task Force for Pneumonia. Herpes simplex virus: A marker of severity in bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia, J. Crit. Care, vol.26, 2011.

N. M. Osman, N. M. Sayed, S. M. Abdel-rahman, and S. A. Hamza, Abd al Aziz, A.A. The impact of cytomegalovirus infection on mechanically ventilated patients in the respiratory and geriatric intensive care units, Egypt J. Chest Dis. Tuberc, vol.63, pp.239-245, 2014.

M. Klompas, Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia?, JAMA, vol.297, pp.1583-1593, 2007.

A. A. Kalanuria, W. Zai, and M. Mirski, Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU, Crit. Care, vol.18, 2014.

T. Herkel, R. Uvizl, L. Doubravska, M. Adamus, T. Gabrhelik et al., Epidemiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Results of a Central European multicenter, prospective, observational study compared with data from the European region, Biomed. Pap, vol.160, pp.448-455, 2016.

K. L. Roberts, S. T. Micek, P. Juang, and M. H. Kollef, Controversies and advances in the management of ventilator associated pneumonia, Expert Rev. Respir. Med, vol.11, pp.875-884, 2017.

G. Millot, B. Voisin, C. Loiez, F. Wallet, and S. Nseir, The next generation of rapid point-of-care testing identification tools for ventilator-associated pneumonia, Ann. Transl. Med, vol.5, p.451, 2017.

T. Notomi, H. Okayama, H. Masubuchi, T. Yonekawa, K. Watanabe et al., Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.28, 2000.

K. Dhama, K. Karthik, S. Chakrabort, R. Tiwari, S. Kapoor et al., Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA (LAMP): A New Diagnostic Tool Lights the World of Diagnosis of Animal and Human Pathogens: A Review, Pak. J. Biol. Sci, vol.17, pp.151-166, 2014.

Y. Kang, R. Deng, C. Wang, T. Deng, P. Peng et al., Etiologic Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections Using Sputum Samples and Quantitative Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012.

B. L. Petrone, B. J. Wolff, A. A. Delaney, M. H. Diaz, and J. M. Winchell, Isothermal Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Directly from Respiratory Clinical Specimens, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.53, pp.2970-2976, 2015.

D. G. Altman and J. M. Bland, Diagnostic tests. 1: Sensitivity and specificity, BMJ, vol.308, p.1552, 1994.

D. G. Altman and J. M. Bland, Diagnostic tests 2: Predictive values, BMJ, vol.309, 1994.

L. Bassi, G. Senussi, T. Aguilera, and E. , Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis, vol.30, pp.214-220, 2017.

A. Torres, N. Lee, C. Cilloniz, and J. Vila, Van der Eerden, M. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia in the molecular age, Eur. Respir. J, vol.48, pp.1764-1778, 2016.

W. Jamal, E. Al-roomi, L. R. Abdulaziz, and V. O. Rotimi, Evaluation of Curetis Unyvero, a Multiplex PCR-Based Testing System, for Rapid Detection of Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance and Impact of the Assay on Management of Severe Nosocomial Pneumonia, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.52, pp.2487-2492, 2014.

N. Kunze, O. Moerer, N. Steinmetz, M. H. Schulze, M. Quintel et al., Point-of-care multiplex PCR promises short turnaround times for microbial testing in hospital-acquired pneumonia-An observational pilot study in critical ill patients, Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob, vol.14, p.33, 2015.

C. Ozongwu, Y. Personne, G. Platt, C. Jeanes, S. Aydin et al., The Unyvero P55 'sample-in, answer-out' pneumonia assay: A performance evaluation, Biomol. Detect. Quantif, vol.13, pp.1-6, 2017.

H. Kaneko, T. Kawana, E. Fukushima, and T. Suzutani, Tolerance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to a culture medium and biological substances, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, vol.70, pp.499-501, 2007.

A. Vergara, Y. Zboromyrska, N. Mosqueda, M. I. Morosini, S. García-fernández et al., Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Methodology to Detect Carbapenemase Carriage in Acinetobacter Clinical Isolates, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.58, pp.7538-7540, 2014.

S. Garcia-fernandez, M. I. Morosini, F. Marco, D. Gijón, A. Vergara et al., Evaluation of the eazyplex(R) SuperBug CRE system for rapid detection of carbapenemases and ESBLs in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered at two Spanish hospitals, J. Antimicrob. Chemother, vol.70, pp.1047-1050, 2015.

Y. Zboromyrska, A. Vergara, C. Cosgaya, G. Verger, N. Mosqueda et al., Rapid detection of ?-lactamases directly from positive blood cultures using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, vol.46, pp.355-356, 2015.