Evolution of Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Case-Control Study
Résumé
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition in preterm infants
due to multiple factors, including gut microbiota dysbiosis. NEC development is poorly understood,
due to the focus on severe NEC (NEC-2/3). Methods: We studied the gut microbiota, microbiome
and metabolome of children with suspected NEC (NEC-1). Results: NEC-1 gut microbiota had a
higher abundance of the Streptococcus (second 10-days of life) and Staphylococcus (third 10-days of
life) species. NEC-1 children showed a microbiome evolution in the third 10-days of life being the
most divergent, and were associated with a dierent metabolomic signature than in healthy children.
The NEC-1 microbiome had increased glycosaminoglycan degradation and lysosome activity by
the first 10-days of life, and was more sensitive to childbirth, low birth weight and gestational age,
than healthy microbiome. NEC-1 fecal metabolome was more divergent by the second month of life.
Conclusions: NEC-1 gut microbiota and microbiome modifications appear more distinguishable by
the third 10-days of life, compared to healthy children. These data identify a precise window of time
(i.e., the third 10-days of life) and provide microbial targets to fight/blunt NEC-1 progression.
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