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            <title xml:lang="fr">VIRUS COURGETTE -Amélioration de l'évaluation de la résistance de la courgette aux Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) et Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Partial resistance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Protocol</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Squash</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Viruses</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Protocole</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Virus</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Courgette</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Résistance partielle</term>
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              <p>Three viruses transmitted by aphids (non-persistent transmission) are responsible of strong yield losses on squash crops in France and around the world: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). For each virus, different biological, serological and molecular groups were described. The resistance is polygenic for CMV, ZYMV and with a major gene for WMV but always with an intermediate resistance.The evaluation of squash resistance to viruses and the assessment of symptoms are complex due to the partial and not complete resistance and the quantitative results observed. It is important to describe the different levels of virulence of virus strains and to identify the different levels of resistance of squash varieties. There are currently no harmonized protocols to define the levels of partial resistance of squash to these viruses.The aim of this project, in collaboration between GEVES, INRAE and breeding companies (HMClause, Gautier, Monsanto, Rijk Zwaan, Sakata, Syngenta) was to acquire a better knowledge of levels of squash resistance and to define robust resistance tests to these viruses. Based on the INRAE’s characterized collection of strains of viruses, three strains per virus (with different virulences and from different groups) were selected. These strains and different protocols from INRAE and partners (stage of inoculation, optimal conditions of test, notation scale) were compared, on a panel of commercial varieties with different levels of resistance, to define for each virus a robust resistance test.One strain per virus, making it possible to differentiate the different levels of resistance of varieties, was selected. For each virus, a resistance test and reference materials (strain and controls) were validated. The reference collection of GEVES was characterized for the three viruses. These new protocols, used for CTPS registration, will be proposed to CPVO and UPOV for a harmonized use.</p>
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            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>Trois virus transmis par les pucerons selon le mode non-persistant sont responsables d’importantes pertes de récolte dans les cultures de courgette en France et dans le monde : les Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) et Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)L’évaluation de la résistance de la courgette aux virus est complexe du fait du caractère partiel (ou non complet) de la résistance et des résultats quantitatifs observés. Il est important d’identifier les différents niveaux de résistance des variétés de courgette à ces virus, et de décrire les niveaux d’agressivité des souches permettant de mieux différencier les variétés. Actuellement, il n’existe pas de protocole harmonisé pour définir les différents niveaux de résistance partielle de la courgette à ces virus.Le but de ce projet collaboratif entre le GEVES, l’INRAE et des sociétés semencières (HMClause, Gautier, Monsanto, Rijk Zwaan, Sakata, Syngenta) était d’acquérir de meilleures connaissances des niveaux de résistance de la courgette et de définir un protocole de test robuste pour ces virus. Basée sur la collection de souches de virus caractérisée par INRAE, trois souches par virus (avec différentes agressivités et appartenant à différents groupes) ont été sélectionnées. Ces souches et les différents protocoles de INRAE et des partenaires (stade d’inoculation, conditions optimales de test, échelle de notation) ont été comparées sur un panel composé de variétés commerciales avec différents niveaux de résistance afin de définir pour chaque virus un test de résistance robuste.Une souche, permettant de différencier les différents niveaux de résistance des variétés, a été sélectionnée par virus. Pour chaque virus, un test de résistance et le matériel de référence (souches et témoins) ont été validés. La collection de référence du GEVES a été caractérisée pour les trois virus. Ces nouveaux protocoles, utilisés pour les</p>
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          <orgName>Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INRAE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-338555" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Monsanto Company</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-1031275" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Partenaires INRAE</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Cette structure regroupe l'ensemble des structures créées pour la reprise des données ProdInra</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>