Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 among individuals with recent respiratory symptoms
Richard C. Gerkin
(1)
,
Kathrin Ohla
(2)
,
Maria G. Veldhuizen
(3)
,
Paule V. Joseph
(4)
,
Christine E. Kelly
(5)
,
Alyssa J. Bakke
(6)
,
Kimberley E. Steele
(4)
,
Michael C. Farruggia
(7)
,
Robert Pellegrino
(8)
,
Marta Y. Pepino
(9)
,
Cédric Bouysset
(10)
,
Graciela M. Soler
(11)
,
Veronica Pereda-Loth
(12)
,
Michele Dibattista
(13)
,
Keiland W. Cooper
(14)
,
Ilja Croijmans
(15)
,
Antonella Di Pizio
(16)
,
Mehmet Hakan Ozdener
(17)
,
Alexander W. Fjaeldstad
(18)
,
Cailu Lin
(17)
,
Mari A. Sandell
(19)
,
Preet B. Singh
(20)
,
Evelyn Brindha
(21)
,
Shannon B. Olsson
(22)
,
Luis R. Saraiva
(23)
,
Gaurav Ahuja
(24)
,
Mohammed K. Alwashahi
(25)
,
Surabhi Bhutani
(26)
,
Anna D’errico
(27)
,
Marco A. Fornazieri
(28)
,
Jérôme Golebiowski
(29)
,
Liang Dar Hwang
(30)
,
Lina Öztürk
(3)
,
Eugeni Roura
(31)
,
Sara Spinelli
(32)
,
Katherine L. Whitcroft
(33)
,
Farhoud Faraji
(34)
,
Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister
(35)
,
Thomas Heinbockel
(36)
,
Julien W. Hsieh
(37)
,
Caroline Huart
(38)
,
Iordanis Konstantinidis
(39)
,
Anna Menini
(40)
,
Gabriella Morini
(41)
,
Jonas K. Olofsson
(41)
,
Carl M. Philpott
(42)
,
Denis Pierron
(12)
,
Vonnie D. C. Shields
(43)
,
Vera V. Voznessenskaya
(44)
,
Javier Albayay
(45)
,
Aytug Altundag
(46)
,
Moustafa Bensafi
(47)
,
María Adelaida Bock
(48)
,
Orietta Calcinoni
(49)
,
William Fredborg
(41)
,
Christophe Laudamiel
(50)
,
Juyun Lim
(51)
,
Johan N. Lundström
(52)
,
Alberto Macchi
(53)
,
Pablo Meyer
(54)
,
Shima T. Moein
(55)
,
Enrique Santamaría
(55)
,
Debarka Sengupta
(24)
,
Paloma Rohlfs Dominguez
(56)
,
Hüseyin Yanik
(3)
,
Thomas Hummel
(57)
,
John E. Hayes
(6)
,
Danielle R. Reed
(17)
,
Masha Y. Niv
(58)
,
Steven D. Munger
(59)
,
Valentina Parma
(60)
,
Sanne Boesveldt
(61)
,
Jasper H. B. de Groot
(62)
,
Caterina Dinnella
(32)
,
Jessica Freiherr
(63)
,
Tatiana Laktionova
(45)
,
Sajidxa Marino
(64)
,
Erminio Monteleone
(32)
,
Alexia Nunez-Parra
(64)
,
Olagunju Abdulrahman
(65)
,
Marina Ritchie
(66)
,
Thierry Thomas-Danguin
(67, 68)
,
Julie Walsh-Messinger
(69)
,
Rashid Al Abri
(25)
,
Rafieh Alizadeh
(70)
,
Emmanuelle Bignon
(10)
,
Elena Cantone
(71)
,
Maria Paola Cecchini
(72)
,
Jingguo Chen
(73)
,
Maria Dolors Guàrdia
(74)
,
Kara C. Hoover
(75)
,
Noam Karni
(76)
,
Marta Navarro
(31)
,
Alissa A. Nolden
(77)
,
Patricia Portillo Mazal
(78)
,
Nicholas R. Rowan
(79)
,
Atiye Sarabi-Jamab
(80)
,
Nicholas S. Archer
(81)
,
Ben Chen
(82)
,
Elizabeth A. Di Valerio
(59)
,
Emma L. Feeney
(83)
,
Johannes Frasnelli
(84)
,
Mackenzie E Hannum
(17)
,
Claire Hopkins
(85)
,
Hadar Klein
(58)
,
Coralie Mignot
(57)
,
Carla Mucignat
(45)
,
Yuping Ning
(82)
,
Elif E. Ozturk
(86)
,
Mei Peng
(87)
,
Ozlem Saatci
(88)
,
Elizabeth A. Sell
(89)
,
Carol H. Yan
(90)
,
Raul Alfaro
(9)
,
G. Coureaud
(47)
,
Riley D. Herriman
(17)
,
Jeb M. Justice
(59)
,
Pavan Kumar Kaushik
(91)
,
Sachiko Koyama
(92)
,
Jonathan B. Overdevest
(93)
,
Nicola Pirastu
(94)
,
Vicente A. Ramirez
(95)
,
S. Craig Roberts
(96)
,
Barry C. Smith
(97)
,
Hongyuan Cao
(98)
,
Hong Wang
(17)
,
Patrick Balungwe Birindwa
(99)
,
Marius Baguma
(99)
,
Mehmet Hakan Ozdener
(17)
,
Florian Ph.S Fischmeister
(35)
,
María Adelaida Bock
(48)
,
Pavan Kumar Kaushik
(91)
,
Antonella Di Pizio
(16)
,
Mehmet Hakan Ozdener
(17)
,
Preet B. Singh
(20)
,
Anna d'Errico
(27)
,
Liang Dar Hwang
(100)
,
Gccr Group
,
Maria Paola Cecchini
(72)
,
Elizabeth A. Di Valerio
(59)
,
Loïc Briand
(67)
,
Sophie Nicklaus
(67)
,
Charlotte Sinding
(67)
,
Anne Tromelin
(67)
1
ASU -
Arizona State University [Tempe]
2 FZJ - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Jülich | Jülich Research Centre
3 Mersin University
4 NIH - National Institutes of Health [Bethesda, MD, USA]
5 AbScent
6 Penn State - Pennsylvania State University
7 Yale University [New Haven]
8 University of Tennessee
9 UIUC - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana]
10 ICN - Institut de Chimie de Nice
11 Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto)
12 CAGT - Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse
13 UNIBA - Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro
14 UC - University of California
15 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
16 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich
17 Monell Chemical Senses Center
18 Regional Hospital West Jutland [Denmark]
19 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
20 UiO - University of Oslo
21 Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
22 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore]
23 Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar]
24 IIIT-Delhi - Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology [New Delhi]
25 SQU - Sultan Qaboos University
26 SDSU - San Diego State University
27 Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main
28 State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina
29 Elena Cantone
30 University of Queensland - The Diamantina Institute
31 UQ [All campuses : Brisbane, Dutton Park Gatton, Herston, St Lucia and other locations] - The University of Queensland
32 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence
33 UCL - University College of London [London]
34 UC San Diego Health
35 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
36 Howard University College of Medicine [Washington, DC, USA]
37 Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University
38 Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles]
39 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
40 SISSA / ISAS - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies
41 Stockholm University
42 UEA - University of East Anglia [Norwich]
43 Towson University [Towson, MD, United States]
44 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
45 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
46 Biruni University
47 CRNL - Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center
48 Public Hospital Barrio Obrero - Hospital General de Barrio Obrero [Asunción, Paraguay]
49 Private practice [Milan]
50 DreamAir Llc
51 OSU - Oregon State University
52 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
53 Uninsubria - Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese]
54 IBM Watson Research Center
55 Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA
56 UEX - Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura
57 TU Dresden - Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology
58 HUJ - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
59 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
60 Temple University [Philadelphia]
61 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
62 Radboud University [Nijmegen]
63 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
64 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
65 FUTA - Federal University of Technology of Akure
66 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
67 CSGA - Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon]
68 UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]
69 University of Dayton
70 IUMS - Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran]
71 "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School
72 UNIVR - Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona
73 Xjtu - Xi'an Jiaotong University
74 IRTA - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology
75 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
76 The Hebrew University Medical Center
77 UMASS - University of Massachusetts System
78 Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina]
79 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]
80 IPM - Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran]
81 CSIRO - CSIRO Agriculture and Food
82 GMU - The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
83 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
84 UQTR - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
85 Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals
86 Kilis Yedi Aralik University
87 University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande]
88 Sancaktepe Education and Research Hospital
89 University of Pennsylvania
90 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
91 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
92 Indiana University [Bloomington]
93 CUMC - Columbia University Medical Center
94 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
95 UC Merced - University of California [Merced]
96 University of Stirling
97 University of London [London]
98 FSU - Florida State University [Tallahassee]
99 Université catholique de Bukavu
100 USQ - University of Southern Queensland
2 FZJ - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Jülich | Jülich Research Centre
3 Mersin University
4 NIH - National Institutes of Health [Bethesda, MD, USA]
5 AbScent
6 Penn State - Pennsylvania State University
7 Yale University [New Haven]
8 University of Tennessee
9 UIUC - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana]
10 ICN - Institut de Chimie de Nice
11 Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto)
12 CAGT - Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse
13 UNIBA - Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro
14 UC - University of California
15 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
16 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich
17 Monell Chemical Senses Center
18 Regional Hospital West Jutland [Denmark]
19 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
20 UiO - University of Oslo
21 Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
22 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore]
23 Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar]
24 IIIT-Delhi - Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology [New Delhi]
25 SQU - Sultan Qaboos University
26 SDSU - San Diego State University
27 Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main
28 State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina
29 Elena Cantone
30 University of Queensland - The Diamantina Institute
31 UQ [All campuses : Brisbane, Dutton Park Gatton, Herston, St Lucia and other locations] - The University of Queensland
32 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence
33 UCL - University College of London [London]
34 UC San Diego Health
35 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
36 Howard University College of Medicine [Washington, DC, USA]
37 Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University
38 Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles]
39 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
40 SISSA / ISAS - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies
41 Stockholm University
42 UEA - University of East Anglia [Norwich]
43 Towson University [Towson, MD, United States]
44 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
45 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
46 Biruni University
47 CRNL - Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center
48 Public Hospital Barrio Obrero - Hospital General de Barrio Obrero [Asunción, Paraguay]
49 Private practice [Milan]
50 DreamAir Llc
51 OSU - Oregon State University
52 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
53 Uninsubria - Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese]
54 IBM Watson Research Center
55 Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA
56 UEX - Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura
57 TU Dresden - Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology
58 HUJ - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
59 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
60 Temple University [Philadelphia]
61 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
62 Radboud University [Nijmegen]
63 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
64 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
65 FUTA - Federal University of Technology of Akure
66 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
67 CSGA - Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon]
68 UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]
69 University of Dayton
70 IUMS - Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran]
71 "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School
72 UNIVR - Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona
73 Xjtu - Xi'an Jiaotong University
74 IRTA - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology
75 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
76 The Hebrew University Medical Center
77 UMASS - University of Massachusetts System
78 Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina]
79 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]
80 IPM - Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran]
81 CSIRO - CSIRO Agriculture and Food
82 GMU - The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
83 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
84 UQTR - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
85 Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals
86 Kilis Yedi Aralik University
87 University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande]
88 Sancaktepe Education and Research Hospital
89 University of Pennsylvania
90 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
91 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
92 Indiana University [Bloomington]
93 CUMC - Columbia University Medical Center
94 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
95 UC Merced - University of California [Merced]
96 University of Stirling
97 University of London [London]
98 FSU - Florida State University [Tallahassee]
99 Université catholique de Bukavu
100 USQ - University of Southern Queensland
Richard C. Gerkin
- Fonction : Auteur
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Kathrin Ohla
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Cédric Bouysset
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Ilja Croijmans
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Cailu Lin
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Gaurav Ahuja
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Mohammed K. Alwashahi
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Marco A. Fornazieri
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Sara Spinelli
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Jonas K. Olofsson
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Carl M. Philpott
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Denis Pierron
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Moustafa Bensafi
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Johan N. Lundström
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Alberto Macchi
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Paloma Rohlfs Dominguez
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Thomas Hummel
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John E. Hayes
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Danielle R. Reed
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Masha Y. Niv
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Steven D. Munger
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Valentina Parma
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Jessica Freiherr
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Thierry Thomas-Danguin
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Rafieh Alizadeh
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Emmanuelle Bignon
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Claire Hopkins
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G. Coureaud
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Hong Wang
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Gccr Group
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Loïc Briand
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Charlotte Sinding
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Anne Tromelin
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Résumé
In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)