Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis and ssp. bulgaricus: a chronicle of evolution in action.

BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis and ssp. bulgaricus are lactic acid producing bacteria that are largely used in dairy industries, notably in cheese-making and yogurt production. An earlier in-depth study of the first completely sequenced ssp. bulgaricus genome revealed the characteristics of a genome in an active phase of rapid evolution, in what appears to be an adaptation to the milk environment. Here we examine for the first time if the same conclusions apply to the ssp. lactis, and discuss intra- and inter-subspecies genomic diversity in the context of evolutionary adaptation. RESULTS: Both L. delbrueckii ssp. show the signs of reductive evolution through the elimination of superfluous genes, thereby limiting their carbohydrate metabolic capacities and amino acid biosynthesis potential. In the ssp. lactis this reductive evolution has gone less far than in the ssp. bulgaricus. Consequently, the ssp. lactis retained more extended carbohydrate metabolizing capabilities than the ssp. bulgaricus but, due to high intra-subspecies diversity, very few carbohydrate substrates, if any, allow a reliable distinction of the two ssp. We further show that one of the most important traits, lactose fermentation, of one of the economically most important dairy bacteria, L. delbruecki ssp. bulgaricus, relies on horizontally acquired rather than deep ancestral genes. In this sense this bacterium may thus be regarded as a natural GMO avant la lettre. CONCLUSIONS: The dairy lactic acid producing bacteria L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis and ssp. bulgaricus appear to represent different points on the same evolutionary track of adaptation to the milk environment through the loss of superfluous functions and the acquisition of functions that allow an optimized utilization of milk resources, where the ssp. bulgaricus has progressed further away from the common ancestor.

Mots clés

Genome Adaptation

Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus lactis Comparative genomics Evolution

Domaines

Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique [q-bio.GN]

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https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-01017376

Soumis le : mercredi 2 juillet 2014-13:03:31

Dernière modification le : mardi 12 mars 2024-10:46:13

Archivage à long terme le : jeudi 2 octobre 2014-11:35:31

Dates et versions

pasteur-01017376 , version 1 (02-07-2014)

Identifiants

HAL Id : pasteur-01017376 , version 1
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-15-407
PRODINRA : 263222
PUBMED : 24884896
WOS : 000338679300002

Citer

Hela El Kafsi, Johan Binesse, Valentin Loux, Julien Buratti, Samira Boudebbouze, et al.. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis and ssp. bulgaricus: a chronicle of evolution in action.. BMC Genomics, 2014, 15 (1), pp.407. ⟨10.1186/1471-2164-15-407⟩. ⟨pasteur-01017376⟩

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