Mapping the patchy legislative landscape of non-native tree species in Europe
Elisabeth Pötzelsberger
(1)
,
Katharina Lapin
(2)
,
Giuseppe Brundu
(3)
,
Tim Adriaens
(4)
,
Vlatko Andonovski
(5)
,
Siniša Andrašev
(6)
,
Jean-Charles Bastien
(7)
,
Robert Brus
(8)
,
Milić Čurović
(9)
,
Željka Čurović
(9)
,
Branislav Cvjetković
(10)
,
Martina Đodan
(11)
,
Juan Domingo-Santos
(12)
,
Anna Gazda
(13)
,
Jean-Marc Henin
(14)
,
Cornelia Hernea
(15)
,
Bo Karlsson
(16)
,
Ljiljana Keča
(17)
,
Srđan Keren
(10)
,
Zsolt Keserű
(18)
,
Thomai Konstantara
(19)
,
Johan Kroon
(16, 20)
,
Nicola La Porta
(21)
,
Vasyl Lavnyy
(22)
,
Dagnija Lazdina
(23)
,
Aljona Lukjanova
(24)
,
Tiit Maaten
(25, 26)
,
Palle Madsen
(27)
,
Dejan Mandjukovski
(28)
,
Francisco Marín Pageo
(12)
,
Vitas Marozas
(29)
,
Antonin Martinik
(30)
,
William Mason
(31)
,
Frits Mohren
(32)
,
Maria Cristina Monteverdi
(33)
,
Charalambos Neophytou
(1)
,
Pat Neville
(34)
,
Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu
(35)
,
Per Holm Nygaard
(36)
,
Christophe Orazio
(37, 38)
,
Taras Parpan
(39, 40)
,
Sanja Perić
(11)
,
Krasimira Petkova
(41)
,
Emil Borissov Popov
(42)
,
Mick Power
(34)
,
Károly Rédei
(43)
,
Matti Rousi
(44)
,
Joaquim Silva
(45, 46)
,
Ahmet Sivacioğlu
(47)
,
Michalis Socratous
(48)
,
Lina Straigytė
(29)
,
Josef Urban
(30, 49)
,
Kris Vandekerkhove
(4)
,
Radosław Wąsik
(13)
,
Marjana Westergren
(50)
,
Thomas Wohlgemuth
(51)
,
Tiina Ylioja
(44)
,
Hubert Hasenauer
(1)
1
BOKU -
Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche]
2 BFW - Austrian Research Centre for Forests
3 UNISS - Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari]
4 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
5 UKIM - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
6 University of Novi Sad
7 BioForA - Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt
8 University of Ljubljana
9 UCG - University of Montenegro
10 University of Banja Luka
11 Croatian Forest Research Institute
12 Universidad de Huelva
13 University of Agriculture in Krakow
14 Service Public de Wallonie
15 USAMVBT - Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
16 Skogforsk - Forestry Research Institute of Sweden
17 University of Belgrade [Belgrade]
18 NARIC - National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center
19 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
20 Linnaeus University
21 Fondazione Edmund Mach [San Michele all'Adige]
22 UNFU - Ukrainian National Forestry University
23 LSFRI Silava - Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”
24 NICPB | KBFI - National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics = Keemilise ja bioloogilise füüsika instituut [Estonie]
25 Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering
26 EMU - Estonian University of Life Sciences
27 InNovaSilva ApS
28 Makedonski Sumi
29 VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas
30 MENDELU - Mendel University in Brno
31 The Roslin Institute
32 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
33 CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
34 Coillte
35 Transilvania University of Brasov
36 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
37 EFI - European Forest Institute
38 Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée
39 NASU / НАН України - National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine = Національна академія наук України = Académie nationale des sciences d'Ukraine
40 URIFFM - Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration
41 UF - University of Forestry
42 Forest Research Institute- BAS
43 University of Debrecen
44 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
45 Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra
46 UC - University of Coimbra [Portugal]
47 Kastamonu University
48 TTRC - Timber Training and Research Centre
49 SibFU - Siberian Federal University
50 Slovenian Forestry Institute
51 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
2 BFW - Austrian Research Centre for Forests
3 UNISS - Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari]
4 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
5 UKIM - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
6 University of Novi Sad
7 BioForA - Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt
8 University of Ljubljana
9 UCG - University of Montenegro
10 University of Banja Luka
11 Croatian Forest Research Institute
12 Universidad de Huelva
13 University of Agriculture in Krakow
14 Service Public de Wallonie
15 USAMVBT - Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
16 Skogforsk - Forestry Research Institute of Sweden
17 University of Belgrade [Belgrade]
18 NARIC - National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center
19 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
20 Linnaeus University
21 Fondazione Edmund Mach [San Michele all'Adige]
22 UNFU - Ukrainian National Forestry University
23 LSFRI Silava - Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”
24 NICPB | KBFI - National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics = Keemilise ja bioloogilise füüsika instituut [Estonie]
25 Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering
26 EMU - Estonian University of Life Sciences
27 InNovaSilva ApS
28 Makedonski Sumi
29 VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas
30 MENDELU - Mendel University in Brno
31 The Roslin Institute
32 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
33 CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
34 Coillte
35 Transilvania University of Brasov
36 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
37 EFI - European Forest Institute
38 Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée
39 NASU / НАН України - National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine = Національна академія наук України = Académie nationale des sciences d'Ukraine
40 URIFFM - Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration
41 UF - University of Forestry
42 Forest Research Institute- BAS
43 University of Debrecen
44 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
45 Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra
46 UC - University of Coimbra [Portugal]
47 Kastamonu University
48 TTRC - Timber Training and Research Centre
49 SibFU - Siberian Federal University
50 Slovenian Forestry Institute
51 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Giuseppe Brundu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784293
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3076-4098
- IdRef : 080204503
Srđan Keren
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 808738
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6589-1295
Dagnija Lazdina
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 791373
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8280-3912
Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 821456
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1861-9402
Christophe Orazio
- Fonction : Auteur
Josef Urban
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 765813
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1730-947X
Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 769833
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4623-0894
Résumé
Abstract Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.