Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form a mutualistic symbiotic association with more than 80% of land plants, including vines. Advantages of this mutualistic symbiosis are countless. Root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi is mainly evaluated through staining and microscopic observation. However those technics do not allow to differentiate different mycorrhizal fungi. In order to overcome those limits other tools, like antibodies, isoenzymes and molecular biology technics, can be used. Nevertheless, all of these methods “only” allow detection of the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, whereas no information is provided on the proper mycorrhizal symbiosis functioning, and therefore on the benefits provided to the cultivated plants. The thesis project aims to develop tools (diagnostic kits) for monitoring the functioning of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, intended for professionals in the plant production sector. This monitoring will, among other things, validate the most favourable crop routes toward the optimal functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and therefore the ecosystem services provided by this mutualistic association. These tools will be extremely useful for professionals involved in the development and implementation of environmentally sound agricultural systems production.