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                <term xml:lang="en">shrubland</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">vegetation management</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pruning</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Romarin</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Rosmarinus officinalis</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Floraison</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Garrigue</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">gestion de la végétaiton</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">fertilité</term>
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              <p>Ces dernières années, les phénomènes de dépérissement de la végétation méditerranéenne se sont multipliés en lien avec l’augmentation des sécheresses estivales. En parallèle, une diminution des floraisons et une chute de la quantité et diversité des pollinisateurs ont pu être observés. C’est le cas dans les garrigues à romarin sur le massif de la Côte Bleue, occasionnant des problèmes de compétition entre abeilles domestiques et sauvages, et des baisses de production de miel. Afin de tester si une gestion adaptée de la végétation pourrait améliorer la croissance, la santé et le niveau de floraison des romarins, un dispositif expérimental de 18 placettes a été mis en place selon 3 modalités de traitement (taille haute à 70% de la hauteur totale du romarin, taille basse à 50%, témoin) et 2 niveaux de fertilitédu sol (fertile et mauvais). A l’issue de la première saison de végétation, la santé des romarins taillés ne s’est pas améliorée, et logiquement, la coupe qui élimine de nombreux rameaux a drastiquement réduit la floraison. Mais dès la deuxième année, la taille en position haute a nettement amélioré leur santé sur les sols fertiles avec une reprise des floraisons ; cet effet positif est encore observable après 5 ans de suivi, date à laquelle ils ont presque retrouvé leur hauteur initiale. Cependant, la coupe augmente aussi le risque de mortalité des pieds (notamment en taille basse), a un impact moins visible en conditions peu fertiles. L’effet de la coupe sur la floraison dépend aussi beaucoup des années, les fortes sécheresses la réduisant fortement dans tous les cas. Cet effet positif de la gestion des romarins comportedonc des précautions dans la hauteur de la coupe et doit être confirmé par un suivi à plus long terme.In recent years, the occurence of dieback events in Mediterranean vegetation has risen due to the increase in summer drought. In parallel, a decrease both in flowering and in the quantity and diversity of pollinators has been observed. This is the case, too, for the rosemary scrublands on the “Côte Bleue” massif, in southern France, which has caused problems of competition between domestic and wild bees and a drop in honey production. In order to test whether well-adapted vegetation management could improve the growth, health and flowering level of rosemary, an experimental trial of 18 plots was set up with 3 treatment protocols (high pruning, at 70% of the total height of the rosemary; low pruning, at 50% of height; and a control) and 2 levels of soil fertility (fertile and poor). At the end of the first growing season, the health of the pruned rosemary plants had not improved and, logically,flowering was reduced in proportion to the number of branches eliminated. But from the second year onwards, high-position pruning clearly improved the bushes’ health on fertile soils with a resumption of flowering; this positive effect is still observable after 5 years of monitoring, by which time they have almost regained their initial height. However, pruning has also increased the risk of plant mortality (especially when done at 50% of their height), and has a less visible impact in low fertility conditions. The effect of pruning on flowering is also highly dependent on the year, with significant reductions during severe droughts. To sum up: the positive effect of rosemary management requires caution in the height of the cut and must be confirmed by longer-term monitoring.</p>
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