We assessed how the temperature response of leaf day respiration (R-d) in wheat responded to contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures. In Experiment 1, well-watered and drought-stressed conditions were imposed on two genotypes; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high (HT), medium (MT) and low (LT) growth temperatures were imposed on one of the genotypes. R-d was estimated from simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at six leaf temperatures (T-leaf) for each treatment, using the Yin method for nonphotorespiratory conditions and the nonrectangular hyperbolic fitting method for photorespiratory conditions. The two genotypes responded similarly to growth and measurement conditions. Estimates of R-d for nonphotorespiratory conditions were generally higher than those for photorespiratory conditions, but their responses to T-leaf were similar. Under well-watered conditions, R-d and its sensitivity to T-leaf slightly acclimated to LT, but did not acclimate to HT. Temperature sensitivities of R-d were considerably suppressed by drought, and the suppression varied among growth temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to quantify interactions between drought and growth temperature for reliably modelling R-d under climate change. Our study also demonstrated that the Kok method, one of the currently popular methods for estimating R-d, underestimated R-d significantly.