For decades, and at global scales, vineyard landscapes have experienced a profound intensification of management. These socio-ecosystems are now facing major environmental, agronomical and economic issues that challenge their future sustainability. In this context, implementing agroecological management of these landscapes is no longer an alternative, and multiple lines of evidence demonstrate the central role of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services for the future functioning of these landscapes. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of this evidence, indicate major gaps in our current knowledge and highlight how biodiversity could become a major asset in the design of multifunctional vineyard landscapes in the context of global change.