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                <idno type="localRef">Erist Angers, INRAE Pays de la Loire, IRHS, DOCANG-2022/46</idno>
                <meeting>
                  <title>6èmes journées francophones des mycorhizes JFM6</title>
                  <date type="start">2022-07-07</date>
                  <date type="end">2022-07-09</date>
                  <settlement>dijon</settlement>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">biocontrôle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">septoriose</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Blé</term>
                <term xml:lang="la">Funneliformis mosseae</term>
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              <classCode scheme="vocinrae" n="c_3059">wheat</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae" n="c_12414">septoria tritici leaf blotch</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae" n="c_12414">leaf blotch</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae" n="c_12414">septoria leaf blotch</classCode>
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              <p>La septoriose, maladie causée par le champignon hémibiotrophe Zymoseptoria tritici, est l’une des maladies les plus dommageables pour la culture du blé. Dans un contexte de transition agroécologique, le développement des stratégies de lutte respectueuses de la santé humaine et de l’environnement est une priorité. La colonisation racinaire des plantes par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMA) est connue pour induire la MIR (Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance), correspondant à un état de résistance de la plante à divers bio-agresseurs. Nous avons ainsi testé l’efficacité du CMA Funneliformis mosseae à protéger le blé contre la septoriose dans le cadre du projet Bioscreen (Smartbiocontrol, Interreg V).Des plantules de blé tendre (cv. Alixan) sensibles à la septoriose ont été cultivées dans un substrat contenant le CMA F. mosseae. Après 6 semaines de culture, les parties aériennes des plantules ont été infectées avec une solution de spores de Z. tritici, puis les symptômes de la maladie ont été évalués 3 semaines après infection. Des feuilles et racines ont été prélevées pour une évaluation de l’expression génique. Des taux de protection de 78% et de 87% contre la septoriose ont été obtenus chez le blé mycorhizé. Cette protection au niveau foliaire a été corrélée à un effet éliciteur systémique induit par la mycorhization sur un ensemble de gènes de défense, également induits lors d’une attaque par Z. tritici, et codant des PR protéines (PR1, PR4 et PR5) ou des protéines impliquées contre le stress oxydatif (POX et WRKY53). Au niveau racinaire, des gènes marqueurs de la symbiose mycorhizienne impliqués dans les échanges de nutriments (AMT3.1, PT10, PT11, Sult, Kchan et ABC) étaient surexprimés chez le blé mycorhizé sans altération par la septoriose. Nos résultats montrent la mise en place d’une MIR chez le blé, renforçant ses défenses contre la septoriose.</p>
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