Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement
Lorenzo Maria Donini
(1)
,
Luca Busetto
(2, 3)
,
Stephan Bischoff
(4)
,
Tommy Cederholm
(5)
,
Maria D. Ballesteros-Pomar
(6)
,
John Batsis
(7)
,
Juergen M. Bauer
(8)
,
Yves Boirie
(9)
,
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft
(10)
,
Dror Dicker
(2, 11)
,
Stefano Frara
(12)
,
Gema Frühbeck
(13)
,
Laurence Genton
(14)
,
Yftach Gepner
(11)
,
Andrea Giustina
(12)
,
Maria Cristina Gonzalez
(15)
,
Ho Seong Han
(16)
,
Steven B. Heymsfield
(17)
,
Takashi Higashiguchi
(18)
,
Alessandro Laviano
(1)
,
Andrea Lenzi
(1)
,
Ibolya Nyulasi
(19)
,
Edda Parrinello
(1)
,
Eleonora Poggiogalle
(1)
,
Carla M. Prado
(20)
,
Javier Salvador
(21)
,
Yves Rolland
(22, 23)
,
Ferruccio Santini
(24)
,
Mireille J. Serlie
(25)
,
Hanping Shi
(26)
,
Cornel C. Sieber
(27)
,
Mario Siervo
(28)
,
Roberto Vettor
(3)
,
Dennis T. Villareal
(29)
,
Dorothee Volkert
(27)
,
Jianchun Yu
(30)
,
Mauro Zamboni
(31)
,
Rocco Barazzoni
(32)
1
UNIROMA -
Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
2 European Association for the Study of Obesity
3 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
4 University of Hohenheim
5 Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala]
6 Hospital de León
7 UNC - University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill]
8 University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty
9 UNH - Unité de Nutrition Humaine
10 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid]
11 TAU - Tel Aviv University
12 UniSR - Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie]
13 Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona]
14 HUG - Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva
15 UCPEL - Catholic University of Pelotas
16 SNUBH - Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
17 Pennington Biomedical Research Center
18 Fujita Health University
19 Monash University [Clayton]
20 University of Alberta
21 UNAV - Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona]
22 CHU Toulouse - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
23 Equipe Vieillissement (CERPOP)
24 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
25 Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Centers
26 CUMS - Capital University of Medical Sciences [Beijing]
27 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
28 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
29 BCM - Baylor College of Medicine
30 PUMCH - Peking Union Medical College Hospital [Beijing]
31 UNIVR - Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona
32 Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
2 European Association for the Study of Obesity
3 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
4 University of Hohenheim
5 Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala]
6 Hospital de León
7 UNC - University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill]
8 University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty
9 UNH - Unité de Nutrition Humaine
10 Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid]
11 TAU - Tel Aviv University
12 UniSR - Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie]
13 Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona]
14 HUG - Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva
15 UCPEL - Catholic University of Pelotas
16 SNUBH - Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
17 Pennington Biomedical Research Center
18 Fujita Health University
19 Monash University [Clayton]
20 University of Alberta
21 UNAV - Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona]
22 CHU Toulouse - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
23 Equipe Vieillissement (CERPOP)
24 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
25 Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Centers
26 CUMS - Capital University of Medical Sciences [Beijing]
27 FAU - Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
28 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
29 BCM - Baylor College of Medicine
30 PUMCH - Peking Union Medical College Hospital [Beijing]
31 UNIVR - Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona
32 Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-4692-4754
Luca Busetto
- Fonction : Auteur
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Stephan Bischoff
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Maria D. Ballesteros-Pomar
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John Batsis
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-0845-4416
Yves Boirie
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 780859
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3999-1599
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201143
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7628-4861
Dror Dicker
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 785733
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8546-6245
Stefano Frara
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201144
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1308-5598
Gema Frühbeck
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201145
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8305-7154
Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201146
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3901-8182
Ho Seong Han
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1275463
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9659-1260
Alessandro Laviano
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201147
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9809-3553
Edda Parrinello
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201155
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2670-3567
Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1123445
Javier Salvador
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201148
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3393-8156
Yves Rolland
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 946609
Ferruccio Santini
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201149
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1706-0822
Hanping Shi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201156
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4514-8693
Dorothee Volkert
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1198170
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1003-6395
Jianchun Yu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1201150
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8250-7475
Résumé
Introduction: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is common in individuals with obesity due to metabolic changes associated with a sedentary lifestyle, adipose tissue derangements, comorbidities (acute and chronic diseases) and during the ageing process. Co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO), a condition increasingly recognized for its clinical and functional features that negatively influence important patient-centred outcomes. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for SO are urgently needed, but efforts are hampered by the lack of a universally established SO definition and diagnostic criteria. Resulting inconsistencies in the literature also negatively affect the ability to define prevalence as well as clinical relevance of SO for negative health outcomes. Aims and Methods: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched an initiative to reach expert consensus on a definition and diagnostic criteria for SO. The jointly appointed international expert panel proposes that SO is defined as the co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function. The diagnosis of SO should be considered in at-risk individuals who screen positive for a co-occurring elevated body mass index or waist circumference, and markers of low skeletal muscle mass and function (risk factors, clinical symptoms, or validated questionnaires). Diagnostic procedures should initially include assessment of skeletal muscle function, followed by assessment of body composition where presence of excess adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass or related body compartments confirm the diagnosis of SO. Individuals with SO should be further stratified into stage I in the absence of clinical complications or stage II if cases are associated with complications linked to altered body composition or skeletal muscle dysfunction. Conclusions: ESPEN and EASO, as well as the expert international panel, advocate that the proposed SO definition and diagnostic criteria be implemented into routine clinical practice. The panel also encourages prospective studies in addition to secondary analysis of existing data sets, to study the predictive value, treatment efficacy and clinical impact of this SO definition.
