A novel potyvirus was identified in symptomatic hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in France. The nearly complete genome sequence of hedge mustard mosaic virus (HMMV) was determined, demonstrating that it belongs to a sister species to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). HMMV readily infected several other members of the family Brassicaceae, including turnip, shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and arabidopsis. The identification of HMMV as a Brassicaceae-infecting virus closely related to TuMV leads us to question the current scenario of TuMV evolution and suggests a possible alternative one in which transition from a monocot-adapted ancestral lifestyle to a Brassicaceae-adapted one could have occurred earlier than previously recognized.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.all OK