Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation
Julia S Joswig
(1, 2)
,
Christian Wirth
(3, 2, 4)
,
Meredith C Schuman
(1)
,
Jens Kattge
(5, 4)
,
Björn Reu
(6)
,
Ian J Wright
(7)
,
Sebastian D Sippel
(8, 9)
,
Nadja Rüger
(4, 3)
,
Ronny Richter
(3, 4)
,
Michael E Schaepman
(1)
,
Peter M van Bodegom
(10)
,
J H C Cornelissen
(11)
,
Sandra Díaz
(12)
,
Wesley N Hattingh
,
Koen Kramer
(13)
,
Frederic Lens
(14, 10)
,
Ülo Niinemets
(15)
,
Peter B Reich
(16, 17)
,
Markus Reichstein
(18, 2)
,
Christine Römermann
(19)
,
Franziska Schrodt
(20)
,
Madhur Anand
(21)
,
Michael Bahn
(22)
,
Chaeho Byun
(23)
,
Giandiego Campetella
(24)
,
Bruno E L Cerabolini
(25)
,
Joseph M Craine
(26)
,
Andres Gonzalez-Melo
(27)
,
Alvaro G Gutiérrez
(28)
,
Tianhua He
(29)
,
Pedro Higuchi
(30)
,
Hervé Jactel
(31)
,
Nathan J B Kraft
(32)
,
Vanessa Minden
(33)
,
Vladimir Onipchenko
(34)
,
Josep Peñuelas
(35)
,
Valério D Pillar
(36)
,
Ênio Sosinski
(37)
,
Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
(38, 10)
,
Evan Weiher
(39)
,
Miguel D Mahecha
(40, 4)
1
UZH -
Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich
2 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
3 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
4 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
5 Max-Planck-Institute for Research on Collective Goods
6 UIS - Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga]
7 Macquarie University [Sydney]
8 IAC - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich]
9 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
10 Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University
11 VUB - Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles]
12 CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires]
13 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
14 Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden]
15 EMU - Estonian University of Life Sciences
16 UMN - University of Minnesota System
17 Western Sydney University
18 Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena]
19 Institute of Physical Geography [Frankfurt am Main]
20 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
21 School of Environmental Sciences
22 Department of Ecology [Innsbruck]
23 ANU - Andong National University
24 UNICAM - Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino
25 Uninsubria - Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese]
26 Jonah Ventures
27 Universidad del Rosario [Bogota]
28 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
29 Murdoch University [Perth]
30 Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
31 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
32 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]
33 University of Oldenburg
34 MSU - Lomonosov Moscow State University
35 CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries
36 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
37 CENARGEN - Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia = Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology
38 UHasselt - Hasselt University
39 University of Wisconsin-Madison
40 UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
2 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
3 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
4 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
5 Max-Planck-Institute for Research on Collective Goods
6 UIS - Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga]
7 Macquarie University [Sydney]
8 IAC - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich]
9 NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
10 Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University
11 VUB - Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles]
12 CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires]
13 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
14 Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden]
15 EMU - Estonian University of Life Sciences
16 UMN - University of Minnesota System
17 Western Sydney University
18 Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena]
19 Institute of Physical Geography [Frankfurt am Main]
20 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
21 School of Environmental Sciences
22 Department of Ecology [Innsbruck]
23 ANU - Andong National University
24 UNICAM - Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino
25 Uninsubria - Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese]
26 Jonah Ventures
27 Universidad del Rosario [Bogota]
28 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
29 Murdoch University [Perth]
30 Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
31 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
32 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]
33 University of Oldenburg
34 MSU - Lomonosov Moscow State University
35 CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries
36 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
37 CENARGEN - Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia = Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology
38 UHasselt - Hasselt University
39 University of Wisconsin-Madison
40 UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
Julia S Joswig
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-7786-1728
Christian Wirth
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-2604-8056
Meredith C Schuman
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Jens Kattge
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Ian J Wright
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Sebastian D Sippel
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Nadja Rüger
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Ronny Richter
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-8728-7918
Michael E Schaepman
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Peter M van Bodegom
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Sandra Díaz
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Wesley N Hattingh
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Koen Kramer
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Frederic Lens
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Ülo Niinemets
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- IdRef : 184200512
Peter B Reich
- Function : Author
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Markus Reichstein
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-5736-1112
Christine Römermann
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-3471-0951
Franziska Schrodt
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-9053-8872
Michael Bahn
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-7482-9776
Chaeho Byun
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-3209-3275
Giandiego Campetella
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-6126-522X
Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Function : Author
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Alvaro G Gutiérrez
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Pedro Higuchi
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Hervé Jactel
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- IdHAL : herve-jactel
Vladimir Onipchenko
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Josep Peñuelas
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-7215-0150
Valério D Pillar
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-6408-2891
Ênio Sosinski
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Evan Weiher
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Abstract
Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles.
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