Captive Blue-and-yellow macaws (Ara ararauna) show facial indicators of positive affect when reunited with their caregiver
Résumé
In mammals, human-animal bonding is recognized as a source of positive affect for companion or farm animals.
Because this remains unexplored in birds, we investigated captive parrots’ perspective of the human-animal
relationship. We used a classical separation-reunion paradigm and predicted that variations in parrots’ facial
displays and behaviours would indicate their appraisal of the relationship. The test was divided into three phases
of two minutes each: the bird was placed in an unfamiliar environment with a familiar caregiver (union), then
the bird was left alone (separation) and finally, the caregiver returned (reunion). The test was repeated 10 times
for each bird and video recorded in order to analyze their behaviour. The data show significantly higher crown
and nape feather heights, higher redness of the skin and higher frequency of contact-seeking behaviours during
the union and reunion phases than during the separation phase during which they expressed long distance
contact calls. We observed the expression of eye pinning during the union and reunion phases in one out of five
macaws. We argue that variation in facial displays provides indicators of parrot’s positive appraisal of the
caretaker presence. Our results broaden the scope for further studies on parrots’ expression of their subjective
feelings.
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