Analysing the nutritional and environmental impacts of our current diets and promoting sustainable dietary shifts require quantified data on the characteristics of foods. We have jointly studied environmental and nutritional performances of more than 200 generic foods consumed in France, by combining and completing different databases. Several environmental issues calculated by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) were selected, including impacts on biodiversity. This required to (1) model diets for given subpopulations; (2) adapt the LCA database of food products, Agribalyse 3.0, to link selected food and environmental inventories (3) compile characterization factors to assess impacts on biodiversity. Additionally, modifying Agribalyse 3.0 required to also modify the characterization method on Land Competition. This data paper compiles all the data used to obtain the results presented in the companion article entitled: Environmental trade-offs of fulfilling nutritionally adequacy with reduced animal protein share for French adult populations [1]; i.e. (i) the characterization methods used, (ii) the modifications made to Agribalyse 3.0 and (iii) the nutrient content and quantities consumed of generic foods (iv) the optimized quantities of simulated diets reaching nutrient recommendations with low share of animal-based proteins. It also comprises (iv) Life Cycle Impact Assessment for all Agribalyse 3.0 processes of food having a CIQUAL code (2,497 processes).