The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the parental relationship between dams and calves based on buccal microbiota and (2) whether buccal microbiota is associated with methane emission in dams and calves. Methane emission of 37 Holstein Friesian dams was measured in their dry period. Within 24h of calving, buccal samples were collected from the dams. The calves received colostrum from the dam and were weaned at 10 weeks of age. The calves were housed individually until 3 weeks of age and subsequently group housed until 16 weeks of age. Methane emission of the calves was measured for four weeks (week 13-16) and the buccal samples were collected at the start of methane measurements. Buccal samples of the dams and calves were characterized by metataxonomics. Parental association was assessed by PCA and permutation tests, and association with methane emission by sPLS. There was a clear separation between the buccal microbiota of the dams and the calves, but within calves, the buccal microbiota did not reflect the classification of dams as high or low methane emitters. The correlations between common ASV in true dams-calves pairs were not different from the correlations of random pairs. For both the dams and the calves, no relationship between buccal microbiota and methane emission could be found. Overall, we conclude that (1) dams and calves have a different buccal microbiota, (2) there is no link between the buccal microbiota of dams and their calves, and (3) buccal microbiota is not related to methane emission.