The African Houbara bustard (Chlamydiotis undulata undulata) is a terrestrial bird inhabiting North African semi-desert regions, classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. An overview of reproductive pathological cases registered in a conservation breeding project located in Morocco, relying exclusively on artificial insemination with fresh sperm diluted in Lake 7.1 solution without added antibiotics is provided. Semen samples were routinely assessed for volume, concentration, motility and leucocytes content. Between 2010 and 2022, a total of 407 cases of salpingitis or salpingo-peritonitis were detected in a flock averaging 4976 females/year, leading to an average annual prevalence of 0.66% (SE = 0.16%). Age range of affected birds was between 1 and 25 years (median 9.7). Clinical presentation varied from acute death to non-specific ante-mortem signs. Post-mortem lesions ranged from accumulation of fibrinous/caseous exudate in the reproductive tract to systemic changes, such as generalized congestion and fibrinous polyserositis. E. coli was isolated from most cases and several pathogenicity factors were identified from the isolates by molecular analysis. The increased prevalence of reproductive pathology was not related to the number of inseminations, but to the type of sperm used (mix or single dose; R = .62, p = .02). Artificial insemination can induce pathogen-contamination risks of the genital tract and, thus, requires high biosecurity and hygiene standards. Despite these risks, artificial insemination represents the preferred method for reproduction in captive houbara bustards because expected pathogen-transmission risk is higher in natural copulation.