Variability of milk oligosaccharide composition and its relationship with the reproductive career of females. Mammalian milk oligosaccharides have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and are involved in the maturation of the intestinal barrier and digestive microbiota. The oligosaccharide composition of milk could thus play an important role in the survival of the rabbits until weaning. However, this composition has not yet been described in rabbit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of the oligosaccharide composition of milk in a rabbit herd of the INRAE 1777 line. Milk was collected from 67 female rabbits between days 8 and 10 of the second lactation. Oligosaccharides were purified and analysed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF). The reproductive performances of the 67 females were recorded during 7 breeding cycles. Based on the monosaccharide composition, we were able to identify a total of 37 different structures, of which only 3 were present in the milk of all females, with a large predominance of Sialyllactose isomers (70 ± 13%). The median number of oligosaccharides in rabbit milk was 13 with a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 26. Sialylated forms dominated the oligosaccharide profiles (83% of relative abundance), while 15 structures were fucosylated (13 % of relative abundance). The relationships between oligosaccharide composition and the productive performances of the rabbits are moderate. However, we were able to identify a negative relationship between the number of weaned rabbits, in total or expressed by day of longevity, and the relative abundance of Sialyllactose. Birth to weaning mortality was negatively related with the relative abundance of Hex3_HexNAc2_Fuc1 and positively related with Disialyllacto-N-hexaoses (DS-LNH: Hex4_HexNac2_NeuAc2). This study allowed us to characterize for the first time the oligosaccharide composition of rabbit milk. The composition of rabbit milk is similar to that of sow's, but it is distinguished by a higher prevalence and abundance of fucosylated forms. The links between this composition and young rabbit viability suggest the possibility of developing an oligosaccharide-enriched feed for suckling rabbits.