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                <title level="j">Innovations Agronomiques</title>
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                  <biblScope unit="volume">94</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">83-98</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2024</date>
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              <idno type="doi">10.17180/ciag-2024-vol94-art06</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="en">pilot tool</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">cleaning</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">biofilm</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">milking machine</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Milk quality</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">outil pilote</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">nettoyage</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">biofilm</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">machine à traire</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Qualité du lait</term>
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              <p>The dairy sector is made up of many players all having the quality of milk as a common concern, with objectives that may be specific depending on the context and the destination of the milk. This is multifactorial and results from numerous parameters. One of the main components is the microbiological quality, which is determining for the technological suitability, the health quality but also the organolepticquality of cheeses in the raw milk sector. It is particularly linked to the milking machine and more precisely the design, maintenance and cleaning and disinfection of the latter. Biofilms settle there and can contaminate and/or seed the milk as it passes through. Studies have been carried out on the subject, either in laboratories with conditions too far removed from reality, or directly on farms with poorly controlled test conditions. To respond to this problem, the Livestock Institute and its partners have developed a pilot milking machine called Pilotraite, a tool with no equivalent at the international level. The expectations and needs of the various stakeholders in the dairy sector were analysed and considered to design a tool allowing the study, under controlled conditions, of the impact of the milking machine (design, maintenance, cleaning/disinfection) on the quality of milk, and in particular the question of biofilms linked to the microbiological quality of milk. This article presents the methodology followed for the construction of Pilotraite and the tests carried out to define the methods of sampling, implantation, and destruction of biofilms in the pilot.</p>
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              <p>La filière laitière est composée de nombreux acteurs ayant tous comme préoccupation commune la qualité du lait, avec des objectifs pouvant être spécifiques selon le contexte et la destination du lait. Celle-ci est multifactorielle et résulte de nombreux paramètres. L’une des principales composantes est la qualité microbiologique qui est déterminante pour l’aptitude technologique, la qualité sanitaire mais aussi la qualité organoleptique des fromages en filière lait cru. Elle est notamment liée à la machine à traire et plus précisément la conception, l’entretien et le nettoyage et désinfection de cette dernière. Des biofilms s’y installent et peuvent contaminer et/ou ensemencer le lait lors de son passage. Des études ont été effectuées sur le sujet, soit en laboratoires avec des conditions trop éloignées de la réalité, soit directement en exploitations avec des conditions d’essai de fait peu contrôlées. Pour répondre à cette problématique, l’Institut de l’Elevage et ses partenaires ont mis au point une machine à traire pilote, appelée PiloTraite, outil ne présentant pas d’équivalent au niveau international. Les attentes et besoins des divers acteurs de la filière laitière ont été entendus et pris en compte pour concevoir un outilpermettant d’étudier, en conditions contrôlées, l’impact de la machine à traire (conception, entretien, nettoyage/désinfection) sur la qualité du lait, et notamment la question des biofilms en lien avec la qualité microbiologique du lait. Cet article présente la méthodologie suivie pour la construction de Pilotraite et les essais effectués pour définir les modalités de prélèvement, d’implantation et de destruction des biofilms dans le pilote.</p>
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