The non-transition elements are the main group s- and p-block elements. The p-block elements that possess the hybrid characteristics of both metals and nonmetals are called metalloid elements. These elements exist naturally in the Earth's crust at varying concentrations; moreover they are used in many industrial processes and applications. In soil, they play key roles in several biochemical processes, which ultimately affect plant growth, food production and water quality. A review of the available data on the biogeochemical behavior of some non-transition metalloids (arsenic, barium, antimony, lead and selenium) in the soil system illustrates changes concerning their amounts and behavior (speciation, mobility or bioavailability) with implications for environmental health.