Satisfying both industrial and societal demands for innovative, less energy-consuming (production, use, end-of-life) and local materials, the hemp fibre market is experiencing significant growth resulting in a sharp increase in cultivated areas. However, the supply of fibre to these new markets (automotive, construction, textiles) imposes new quality standards, resulting in an increased demand for retted fibre. However, through its usual protocol in Europe, dew retting, which is highly dependent on climatic and soil conditions, a high degree of fibre quality heterogeneity is potentially expected. In this context, various studies have been carried out with the aim of comparing different retting processes and initiating the development of methods/tools that will eventually enable industrials to monitor the quality of retted straw with a view to contractualization. This work studies the effect of different methods of hemp straws retting: dew, water and chemical retting were performed on the same batch of unretted hemp straws. Chemical analyses were carried out to compare the obtained samples.