In 2023, a proposal for a regulation on the protection of animals during transport repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 was published. The new text proposes a revision of the rules on space allowances based on the recommendations of the EFSA opinion on the welfare of cattle during transport (EFSA, 2022). The present report from the French Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (FRCAW) summarises the key points of this opinion (EFSA, 2022), focusing exclusively on information relating to falls and injuries associated with loading density during transport. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the literature on the subject, with regard in particular to the behavioural and physiological consequences of different loading densities/space allowances, and to the haematomas observed on carcasses. The report also highlights factors that increase the likelihood of falls and injuries to cattle during transport, and suggests ways to reduce the occurrence of such incidents. Although few existing studies have examined cattle falls and injuries at the space allowances for transport set out in the regulatory proposal, the literature supports the hypothesis that the proposed allowances would reduce falls and injuries during transport. Further research is nevertheless needed to confirm these results, particularly for adult cattle, taking into account the potential aggravating factors discussed in the present report.