C. Autant-bernard, J. Lesage, and M. Massard, Spatial econometrics, innovative networks and growth, introduction to the special issue, Annales d'Economie et de Statistiques, vol.87, pp.1-7, 2007.

E. Bergman and G. Maier, Embedding network analysis in spatial studies of innovation, Ann Reg Sci, vol.43, issue.3, pp.559-565, 2009.

R. Boschma, Role of proximity in interaction and performance: conceptual and empirical challenges, Reg Stud, vol.39, issue.1, pp.41-45, 2005.

S. Breschi and F. Lissoni, Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows, J Econ Geogr, vol.9, issue.4, pp.439-468, 2009.

T. Broekel and R. Boschma, Knowledge networks in the Dutch aviation industry: the proximity paradox, J of Economic Geography, vol.12, issue.2, pp.409-433, 2012.

. Cloodt, The strength of R&D network ties in high-tech industries: a multi-dimensional analysis of tie strength on technological performance, 11th Annual Meeting Goyal S, Joshi S (2003) Networks of collaboration in oligopoly. Games and Economic Behav, vol.43, pp.57-85, 2006.

N. Hanaki, R. Nakajima, and Y. Ogura, The dynamics of R&D network in the IT industry, Research Policy, vol.39, issue.3, pp.386-399, 2010.

C. S. Hazir, Multilateral R&D Collaboration: an ERGM Application on Biotechnology In: the geography of networks and R&D collaborations.T. Scherngell (ed) 2013, Springer, series Advances in Spatial Science, pp.221-238, 2013.

M. Newman, Coauthorship networks and patterns of scientific collaboration, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.1001, pp.5200-5205, 2004.

F. Périac, Les concepts de diversité culturelle et de capital social comme facteurs explicatifs de la capacité d'innovation des organisations et des territoires, p.408, 2014.

W. W. Powell, D. R. White, K. W. Koput, and J. Owen-smith, Network dynamics and field evolution: the growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences, Am J Sociol, vol.110, issue.4, pp.1132-1205, 2004.

N. Roijakkers and J. Hagedoorn, Inter-firm R&D partnering in pharmaceutical biotechnology since 1975: trends, patterns, and networks, Res Policy, vol.33, pp.1153-1165, 2006.

T. Sebestyén and A. Varga, Research productivity and the quality of interregional knowledge networks, Ann Reg Sci, vol.51, issue.1, pp.155-189, 2013.

C. Wagner and L. Leydesdorff, Network structure, self-organisation, and the growth of international collaboration in science, Res Policy, vol.34, pp.1608-1618, 2005.