K. Alberti, R. Eckel, S. Grundy, P. Zimmet, J. Cleeman et al., Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome: A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity, Circulation, vol.120, issue.16, pp.1640-1645, 2009.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644

A. Gami, B. Witt, D. Howard, P. Erwin, L. Gami et al., Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.49, issue.4, pp.403-417, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.032

O. Neill, S. , O. Driscoll, and L. , Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies, Obesity Reviews, vol.25, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.1-12, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/obr.12229

Q. Qiao, Comparison of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome in relation to cardiovascular mortality in European men and women, Diabetologia, vol.49, issue.12, pp.2837-2883, 2006.

K. Esposito, P. Chiodini, A. Colao, A. Lenzi, and D. Giugliano, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Care, vol.35, issue.11, pp.2402-2413, 2012.
DOI : 10.2337/dc12-0336

F. Mendonca, F. De-sousa, A. Barbosa, S. Martins, R. Araujo et al., Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: Which link?, Metabolism, vol.64, issue.2, pp.182-191, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.008

M. Siervo, S. Harrison, C. Jagger, L. Robinson, and B. Stephan, Metabolic syndrome and longitudinal changes in cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Alzheimers Dis, vol.41, issue.1, pp.151-61, 2014.

J. Rios, P. Cisternas, M. Arrese, S. Barja, and N. Inestrosa, Is Alzheimer's disease related to metabolic syndrome? A Wnt signaling conundrum, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.121, pp.125-171, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.07.004

M. Symonds, S. Sebert, M. Hyatt, and H. Budge, Nutritional programming of the metabolic syndrome, Nature Reviews Endocrinology, vol.51, issue.11, pp.604-614, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nrendo.2009.195

D. Blane, C. Hart, G. Smith, C. Gillis, D. Hole et al., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood, BMJ, vol.313, issue.7070, pp.1434-1442, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1434

S. Wannamethee, P. Whincup, G. Shaper, and M. Walker, Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men, The Lancet, vol.348, issue.9037, pp.1259-63, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02465-8

K. Chichlowska, K. Rose, A. Diez-roux, S. Golden, A. Mcneill et al., Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.19, issue.12, pp.875-83, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.07.094

P. Gustafsson, M. Persson, and A. Hammarstrom, Life Course Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Women and Men: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Metabolic Risk Factors in Adolescence and Early Adulthood, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.21, issue.2, pp.103-113, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.08.012

C. Langenberg, D. Kuh, M. Wadsworth, E. Brunner, and R. Hardy, Social Circumstances and Education: Life Course Origins of Social Inequalities in Metabolic Risk in a Prospective National Birth Cohort, American Journal of Public Health, vol.96, issue.12, pp.2216-2237, 2006.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.2004.049429

E. Loucks, K. Magnusson, S. Cook, D. Rehkopf, E. Ford et al., Socioeconomic Position and the Metabolic Syndrome in Early, Middle, and Late Life: Evidence from NHANES 1999???2002, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.10, pp.782-90, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.05.003

C. Power, T. Pouliou, L. Li, R. Cooper, and E. Hypponen, Parental and offspring adiposity associations: Insights from the 1958 British birth cohort, Annals of Human Biology, vol.894, issue.8, pp.390-399, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/10408390903372599

R. Cooper, P. Pereira, S. Power, C. Hypponen, and E. , Parental obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among their offspring in mid-life: findings from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study, International Journal of Obesity, vol.119, issue.12, pp.1590-1596, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/ijo.2013.40

M. Li, D. Sloboda, and M. Vickers, Maternal Obesity and Developmental Programming of Metabolic Disorders in Offspring: Evidence from Animal Models, Experimental Diabetes Research, vol.48, issue.4, p.592408, 2011.
DOI : 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182055ede

S. Zhang, L. Rattanatray, J. Morrison, L. Nicholas, S. Lie et al., Maternal Obesity and the Early Origins of Childhood Obesity: Weighing Up the Benefits and Costs of Maternal Weight Loss in the Periconceptional Period for the Offspring, Experimental Diabetes Research, vol.66, issue.5, p.585749, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0806560105

P. Jaaskelainen, C. Magnussen, K. Pahkala, V. Mikkila, M. Kahonen et al., Childhood Nutrition in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Diabetes Care, vol.35, issue.9, pp.1937-1980, 2012.
DOI : 10.2337/dc12-0019

V. Felitti, R. Anda, D. Nordenberg, D. Williamson, A. Spitz et al., Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol.14, issue.4, pp.245-58, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8

A. Danese and B. Mcewen, Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease, Physiology & Behavior, vol.106, issue.1, pp.29-39, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019

A. Danese and M. Tan, Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis, Molecular Psychiatry, vol.3, issue.5, pp.544-54, 2014.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2011-2663

C. Davis, E. Dearing, N. Usher, S. Trifiletti, L. Zaichenko et al., Detailed assessments of childhood adversity enhance prediction of central obesity independent of gender, race, adult psychosocial risk and health behaviors, Metabolism, vol.63, issue.2, pp.199-206, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.013

B. Lehman, S. Taylor, C. Kiefe, and T. Seeman, Relation of Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Family Environment to Adult Metabolic Functioning in the CARDIA Study, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.67, issue.6, pp.846-54, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.psy.0000188443.48405.eb

M. Kelly-irving, B. Lepage, D. Dedieu, M. Bartley, D. Blane et al., Adverse childhood experiences and premature all-cause mortality, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.23, issue.3, pp.721-755, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-013-9832-9

M. Kelly-irving, B. Lepage, D. Dedieu, R. Lacey, N. Cable et al., Childhood adversity as a risk for cancer: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort study, BMC Public Health, vol.10, issue.6, p.767, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn2639
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00868744

A. Danese, T. Moffitt, H. Harrington, B. Milne, G. Polanczyk et al., Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Risk Factors for Age-Related Disease, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, vol.163, issue.12, pp.1135-1178, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.214

A. Non, M. Rewak, I. Kawachi, S. Gilman, E. Loucks et al., Childhood Social Disadvantage, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Chronic Disease in Adulthood, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.180, issue.3, pp.263-71, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwu127

C. Thomas, E. Hypponen, and C. Power, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity, PEDIATRICS, vol.121, issue.5, pp.1240-1249, 2008.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2007-2403

A. Steptoe and M. Kivimaki, Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on Current Knowledge, Annual Review of Public Health, vol.34, issue.1, pp.337-54, 2013.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452

M. Morris, J. Beilharz, J. Maniam, A. Reichelt, and R. Westbrook, Why is obesity such a problem in the 21st century? The intersection of palatable food, cues and reward pathways, stress, and cognition, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.58, pp.36-45, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.002

A. Correia-branco, E. Keating, and F. Martel, Maternal Undernutrition and Fetal Developmental Programming of Obesity, Reproductive Sciences, vol.86, issue.1, pp.138-183, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/01.psy.0000238212.21598.7b

M. Dallman, Stress-induced obesity and the emotional nervous system, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.21, issue.3, pp.159-65, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tem.2009.10.004

C. Power and J. Elliott, Cohort profile: 1958 British birth cohort (National Child Development Study), International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.35, issue.1, pp.34-41, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyi183

R. Anda, A. Butchart, V. Felitti, and D. Brown, Building a Framework for Global Surveillance of the Public Health Implications of Adverse Childhood Experiences, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol.39, issue.1, pp.93-101, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.015

B. Bouhanick, V. Ehlinger, C. Delpierre, B. Chamontin, T. Lang et al., Mode of delivery at birth and the metabolic syndrome in midlife: the role of the birth environment in a prospective birth cohort study, BMJ Open, vol.9, issue.5, p.5031, 2014.
DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005031

B. Rodgers, A. Pickles, C. Power, S. Collishaw, and B. Maughan, Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol.34, issue.6, pp.333-374, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s001270050153

M. Rutter, J. Tizard, and W. Kingsley, Education, health and behaviour, 1970.

L. Richiardi, R. Bellocco, and D. Zugna, Mediation analysis in epidemiology: methods, interpretation and bias, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1511-1520, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyt127

S. Stringhini, G. Batty, P. Bovet, M. Shipley, M. Marmot et al., Association of Lifecourse Socioeconomic Status with Chronic Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study, PLoS Medicine, vol.18, issue.82, p.1001479, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001479.s009

S. Stringhini, S. Sabia, M. Shipley, E. Brunner, H. Nabi et al., Association of Socioeconomic Position With Health Behaviors and Mortality, JAMA, vol.303, issue.12, pp.1159-66, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2010.297
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00468691

A. Rudnicka, A. Rumley, P. Whincup, G. Lowe, and D. Strachan, Sex differences in the relationship between inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers and metabolic syndrome: British 1958 Birth Cohort, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol.94, issue.12, pp.2337-2381, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04517.x

G. Mancia, M. Bombelli, R. Facchetti, A. Casati, I. Ronchi et al., Impact of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome on the prevalence of organ damage, cardiometabolic risk and cardiovascular events, Journal of Hypertension, vol.28, issue.5, pp.999-1006, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328337a9e3

N. Uhrig and S. , The nature and causes of attrition in the British Household Panel Survey, 2008.

G. Durrant and H. Goldstein, Analysing the probability of attrition in a longitudinal survey, 2008.

T. Stevenson, M. Visser, W. Arnold, P. Barrett, S. Biello et al., Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.133, issue.1817, p.20151453, 1817.
DOI : 10.1038/nn.3839

I. Niedhammer, I. Bugel, S. Bonenfant, M. Goldberg, and A. Leclerc, Validity of self-reported weight and height in the French GAZEL cohort, International Journal of Obesity, vol.24, issue.9, pp.1111-1119, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801375

R. Cooper, E. Hypponen, D. Berry, and C. Power, Associations between parental and offspring adiposity up to midlife: the contribution of adult lifestyle factors in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.92, issue.4, pp.946-53, 2010.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29477

M. Kivimaki, D. Lawlor, G. Smith, M. Elovainio, M. Jokela et al., Substantial intergenerational increases in body mass index are not explained by the fetal overnutrition hypothesis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.86, issue.5, pp.1509-1523, 2007.

R. Whitaker, J. Wright, M. Pepe, K. Seidel, and W. Dietz, Predicting Obesity in Young Adulthood from Childhood and Parental Obesity, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.337, issue.13, pp.869-73, 1997.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199709253371301

K. Ryckman, K. Borowski, N. Parikh, and A. Saftlas, Pregnancy Complications and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for the Offspring, Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, vol.26, issue.Suppl, pp.217-240, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s12170-013-0308-y

L. Cao-lei, K. Dancause, G. Elgbeili, R. Massart, M. Szyf et al., DNA methylation mediates the impact of exposure to prenatal