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, The authors declare no competing interest and financial relationships with any organization that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Researchers were independent from funders. Funders had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. Open Food Facts is a non-profit association. The Open food facts data-base is available in open, The French National Cancer Institute (INCa_14059) and the European Research Council (ERC CoG ADDITIVES_864219)

S. G. and P. ,

E. , Performed statistical analysis

M. , Supervised statistical analysis

E. , Drafted the manuscript

M. , Supervised the writing

E. C. , M. D. , B. S. , E. K. , C. J. et al., Contributed to the data interpretation and revised each draft for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. M.T. Had primary responsibility for the final content, she is the guarantor. None of the authors reported a conflict of interest related to the study. The funders had no role in the design, implementation, analysis, or interpretation of the data