.. Méthode-existante, 64 II.1.3.2. Amélioration de la méthode, p.67

M. Abdel-jawad, S. Al-shammari, and J. Al-sulaimi, Non-conventional treatment of treated municipal wastewater for reverse osmosis, Desalination, vol.142, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00421-0

K. O. Agenson, J. I. Oh, and T. Urase, Retention of a wide variety of organic pollutants by different nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes: controlling parameters of process, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.225, issue.1-2, pp.91-103, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.08.006

Y. Al-wazzan, M. Safar, S. Ebrahim, N. Burney, and A. Mesri, Desalting of subsurface water using spiral-wound reverse osmosis (RO) system: technical and economic assessment, Desalination, vol.143, issue.1, pp.21-28, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00217-5

Y. Al-wazzan, M. Safar, and A. Mesri, Reverse osmosis brine staging treatment of subsurface water, Desalination, vol.155, issue.2, pp.141-151, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00291-1

S. Albalà-hurtado, M. Veciana-nogués, M. Izquierdo-pulido, and M. C. Vidal-carou, Determination of Free and Total Furfural Compounds in Infant Milk Formulas by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.45, issue.6, pp.2128-2133, 1997.
DOI : 10.1021/jf960770n

D. B. Albert and C. S. Martens, Determination of low-molecular-weight organic acid concentrations in seawater and pore-water samples via HPLC, Marine Chemistry, vol.56, issue.1-2, pp.27-37, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(96)00083-7

C. Allègre, P. Moulin, M. Maisseu, and F. Charbit, Savings and re-use of salts and water present in dye house effluents, Desalination, vol.162, pp.13-22, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(04)00022-0

. Anonyme, Pagès Védrenne purifie son eau de process. La revue de l'industrie agro-alimentaire 06, 2004.

. Anonyme, Wastewater recovery using reverse osmosis, 2005.

. Anonyme, Produced water pilot study Retrieved 11-01-2005, from http, 2005.

. Anonyme, Two case histories of industrial water reuse via membrane technology, 2005.

. Anonyme, Application of membrane technology for the recovery and reuse water, 2005.

. Anonyme, Trash to cash plant uses reverse osmosis to make more money, 2005.

M. Ardhaoui, H. Cherichi, S. Ognier, and M. Ghoul, Caractérisation des propriétés de surface des membranes de nanofiltration: développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision, Récents Progrès en Génie des Procédés 90, pp.32-39, 2003.

S. Babise, C. Chaudru, and M. Fuchs, Caractérisation des installations d'évaporation de vinasses en distillerie, 2003.

B. Balannec, M. Vourch, M. Rabiller-baudry, and B. Chaufer, Comparative study of different nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for dairy effluent treatment by dead-end filtration, Separation and Purification Technology, vol.42, issue.2, pp.195-200, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.seppur.2004.07.013

M. Bellon-fontaine, J. Rault, and C. J. Van-oss, Microbial adhesion to solvents: a novel method to determine the electron-donor/electron-acceptor or Lewis acid-base properties of microbial cells, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol.7, issue.1-2, pp.47-53, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0927-7765(96)01272-6

C. Bellona, J. E. Drewes, P. Xu, and G. Amy, Factors affecting the rejection of organic solutes during NF/RO treatment???a literature review, Water Research, vol.38, issue.12, pp.2795-2809, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.034

C. Bellona and J. E. Drewes, The role of membrane surface charge and solute physico-chemical properties in the rejection of organic acids by NF membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.249, issue.1-2, pp.227-234, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.09.041

Y. Benito and M. L. Ruiz, Reverse osmosis applied to metal finishing wastewater, Desalination, vol.142, issue.3, pp.229-234, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00204-7

P. Berg, G. Hagmeyer, and R. Gimbel, Removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by nanofiltration, Desalination, vol.113, issue.2-3, pp.205-208, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00130-6

T. Bilstad, Nitrogen separation from domestic wastewater by reverse osmosis, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.102, pp.93-102, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00279-8

A. Bodalo-santoyo, J. L. Gomez-carrasco, E. Gomez-gomez, F. Maximo-martin, and A. M. Hidalgo-montesinos, Application of reverse osmosis to reduce pollutants present in industrial wastewater, Desalination, vol.155, issue.2, pp.101-108, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00287-X

A. Bodalo-santoyo, J. L. Gomez-carrasco, E. Gomez-gomez, F. Maximo-martin, and A. M. Hidalgo-montesinos, Spiral-wound membrane reverse osmosis and the treatment of industrial effluents, Desalination, vol.160, issue.2, pp.151-158, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(04)90005-7

R. Borsani, M. Fazio, and B. Ferrando, Industrial water production by utilization of a reverse osmosis and an evaporation plant, Desalination, vol.108, issue.1-3, pp.231-245, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00031-3

R. Boussahel, A. Montiel, and M. Baudu, Effects of organic and inorganic matter on pesticide rejection by nanofiltration, Desalination, vol.145, issue.1-3, pp.109-114, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00394-6

W. R. Bowen, N. Hilal, R. W. Lovitt, and P. M. Williams, Atomic force microscope studies of membranes: Surface pore structures of Cyclopore and Anopore membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.110, issue.2, pp.233-238, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00263-4

W. R. Bowen, A. W. Mohammad, and N. Hilal, Characterisation of nanofiltration membranes for predictive purposes ??? use of salts, uncharged solutes and atomic force microscopy, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.126, issue.1, pp.91-105, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00276-1

W. R. Bowen, T. A. Doneva, J. Austin, and G. Stoton, The use of atomic force microscopy to quantify membrane surface electrical properties, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.201, issue.1-3, pp.73-83, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00790-7

H. G. Burghoff, K. L. Lee, and W. Pusch, Characterization of transport across cellulose acetate membranes in the presence of strong solute???membrane interactions, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.25, issue.3, pp.323-3477, 1980.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1980.070250301

L. Caillaud, La gestion des effluents de pulvérisation s'améliore. Agro Distribution 06, 2004.

B. Chaufer, M. Mereilles-masbernat, P. Aimar, G. Daufin, F. René et al., Présentation des membranes in: Les séparations par membrane dans les procédés de l'industrie alimentaire, pp.41-56, 1998.

Z. Chen, Simultaneous determination of aliphatic and aromatic acids in plant tissue extracts by ion-exclusion chromatography, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.386, issue.3, pp.246-256, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00009-4

Z. Chen and M. A. Adams, RETENTION BEHAVIOR AND SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC AND AROMATIC ACIDS USING ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, vol.366, issue.17, pp.2595-2611, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)91575-4

A. E. Childress and M. Elimelech, Effect of solution chemistry on the surface charge of polymeric reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.119, issue.2, pp.253-268, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00127-5

A. E. Childress and S. S. Desmukh, Effect of humic substances and anionic surfactants on the surface charge and performance of reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination, vol.118, issue.1-3, pp.167-174, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00119-2

M. Clever, F. Jordt, R. Knauf, N. Räbiger, M. Rüdebusch et al., Process water production from river water by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, Conference on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production, pp.325-326, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)90031-6

E. R. Cornelissen, P. Sijbers, H. Van-den-berkmortel, J. Koning, D. Wit et al., Reuse of leachate waste-water using MEMBIOR technology and reverse osmosis, Membrane Technology, vol.2001, issue.136, pp.6-9, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0958-2118(01)80264-0

P. Danis, Dessalement de l'eau de mer, 2003.

S. S. Desmukh and A. E. Childress, Zeta potential of commercial RO membranes: influence of source water type and chemistry, Desalination, vol.140, issue.1, pp.87-95, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00357-5

E. Destandau, J. Vial, A. Jardy, M. Hennion, D. Bonnet et al., Development and validation of a reversed-phase liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of carboxylic acids in industrial reaction mixtures, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.1088, issue.1-2, pp.49-56, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00092787

J. M. Dickson, T. Matsuura, P. Blais, and S. Sourirajan, Reverse osmosis separations of some organic and inorganic solutes in aqueous solutions using aromatic polyamide membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.19, issue.3, pp.801-819, 1975.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1975.070190317

C. Fabiani, M. Pizzichini, M. Spadoni, and G. Zeddita, Treatment of waste water from silk degumming processes for protein recovery and water reuse, Desalination, vol.105, issue.1-2, pp.1-9, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0011-9164(96)00050-1

C. J. Fell, R. D. Noble, and S. A. Stern, Reverse Osmosis in: Membrane Separations Technology. Principles and applications, pp.113-142, 1995.

J. Fernandez-bolanos, B. Felizon, M. Brenes, R. Guillen, and A. Heredia, Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol as the main compounds found in the phenolic fraction of steam-exploded olive stones, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol.43, issue.11, pp.1643-1649, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s11746-998-0106-8

P. Fievet, A. Szymczyck, M. Sbaï, C. Magnenet, and N. Fatin-rouge, Tangential streaming potential as a tool in the characterisation of microporous membranes, Desalination, vol.199, issue.1-3, pp.1-27, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.011

P. Fievet, A. Szymczyck, and M. Sbaï, Tangential streaming potential as a tool in the characterisation of microporous membranes, Desalination, vol.199, issue.1-3, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.011

I. Galambos, J. M. Molina, P. Jaray, G. Vatai, and E. Bekassy-molnar, High organic content industrial wastewater treatment by membrane filtration, Desalination, vol.162, pp.117-120, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(04)00034-7

I. Gattegno, Prévenir plutôt que guérir. La revue de l'industrie agro-alimentaire 28, 1998.

R. Gerard, H. Hachisuka, and M. Hirose, New membrane developments expanding the horizon for the application of reverse osmosis technology, Desalination, vol.119, issue.1-3, pp.47-55, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00102-7

B. Girard and L. R. Fukumoto, Membrane Processing of Fruit Juices and Beverages: A Review, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, vol.48, issue.11, pp.109-175, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/08905439009549739

A. G. Gotor, P. Baez, S. O. Espinoza, C. A. Bachir, and S. I. , Membrane processes for the recovery and reuse of wastewater in agriculture, Conference on Desalination Strategies in South Mediterranean Countries, pp.187-192, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00217-X

E. E. Graham and C. F. Fook, Rate of protein absorption and desorption on cellulosic ion exchangers, AIChE Journal, vol.28, issue.2, pp.245-250, 1982.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690280212

D. C. Grahame, The Electrical Double Layer and the Theory of Electrocapillarity., Chemical Reviews, vol.41, issue.3, pp.441-501, 1947.
DOI : 10.1021/cr60130a002

K. Grob and L. Zangwan, Introduction of water and water-containing solvent mixtures in capillary gas chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.473, pp.391-400, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91323-2

T. Gumi, M. Valiente, K. C. Khulbe, C. Palet, and T. Matsuura, Characterization of activated composite membranes by solute transport, contact angle measurement, AFM and ESR, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.212, issue.1-2, pp.123-134, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00490-8

C. Hansch, A. Leo, and D. Hoekman, Exploring QSAR -Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants, 1995.

S. Hausmanns, G. Laufenberg, and B. Kunz, Rejection of acetic acid and its improvement by combination with organic acids in dilute solutions using reverse osmosis, Desalination, vol.104, issue.1-2, pp.95-98, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0011-9164(96)00030-6

J. D. Higginbotham and J. Mccarty, Quality and storage of molasses in: Sugar technology, Bett and cane sugar manufacture. Bartens A, pp.973-984, 1998.

N. Hilal, H. Al-zoubi, N. A. Darwish, A. W. Mohammad, A. Arabi et al., A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes:Treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy, Desalination, vol.170, issue.3, pp.281-308, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2004.01.007

M. Hirose, H. Ito, and Y. Kamiyama, Effect of skin layer surface structures on the flux behaviour of RO membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.121, issue.2, pp.209-215, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00181-0

M. L. Hoang, P. Verboven, M. Baelmans, and B. M. Nicolaï, Sensitivity of temperature and weight loss in the bulk of chicory roots with respect to process and product parameters, Journal of Food Engineering, vol.62, issue.3, pp.233-243, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00236-X

J. Y. Hu, S. L. Ong, J. H. Shan, J. B. Kang, and W. J. Ng, Treatability of organic fractions derived from secondary effluent by reverse osmosis membrane, Water Research, vol.37, issue.19, pp.4801-4809, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2003.08.002

M. Into, A. S. Jönsson, and G. Lengden, Reuse of industrial wastewater following treatment with reverse osmosis, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.242, issue.1-2, pp.21-25, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.07.027

G. Jonsson and C. Boesen, Water and solute transport through cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination, vol.17, issue.2, pp.145-165, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)84054-0

Y. J. Jung, Y. Kiso, H. J. Park, K. Nishioka, and K. S. Min, Rejection properties of NF membranes for alkylphenols, Desalination, vol.202, issue.1-3, pp.278-285, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.065

R. Kaliszan and M. J. Markuszewski, Studies on correlation between structure of solutes and their retention, Chemia Analityczna, vol.48, issue.3, pp.373-395, 2003.

A. J. Karabelas, S. G. Yiantsios, Z. Metaxiotou, N. Andritsos, A. Akiskalos et al., Water and materials recovery from fertilizer industry acidic effluents by membrane processes, Desalination, vol.138, issue.1-3, pp.93-102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00250-8

A. Kargol, A mechanistic model of transport processes in porous membranes generated by osmotic and hydrostatic pressure, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.191, issue.1-2, pp.61-69, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00450-1

O. Kedem and A. Katchalsky, Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to non-electrolytes, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol.27, pp.229-246, 1958.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3002(58)90330-5

J. E. Kim, H. K. Lee, and S. C. Kim, Surface structure and phase separation mechanism of polysulfone membranes by atomic force microscopy, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.163, issue.2, pp.159-166, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00164-7

T. H. Kim, C. Park, and S. Kim, Water recycling from desalination and purification process of reactive dye manufacturing industry by combined membrane filtration, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.13, issue.8, pp.779-786, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.044

K. Kimura, G. Amy, J. Drewes, and Y. Watanabe, Adsorption of hydrophobic compounds onto NF/RO membranes: an artifact leading to overestimation of rejection, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.221, issue.1-2, pp.89-101, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00248-5

Y. Kiso, T. Kitao, K. Jinno, and M. Miyagi, The effects of molecular width on permeation of organic solute through cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.95-103, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(92)87075-9

Y. Kiso, Y. Nishimura, T. Kitao, and K. Nishimura, Rejection properties of non-phenylic pesticides with nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.171, issue.2, pp.229-237, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00305-7

Y. Kiso, T. Kon, T. Kitao, and K. Nishimura, Rejection properties of alkyl phthalates with nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.182, issue.1-2, pp.205-214, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00567-6

Y. Kiso, Y. Sugiura, T. Kitao, and K. Nishimura, Effects of hydrophobicity and molecular size on rejection of aromatic pesticides with nanofiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.192, issue.1-2, pp.1-10, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00411-2

H. Klein and R. Leubolt, Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in the brewing industry, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.640, issue.1-2, pp.259-270, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80189-F

K. Kosutic, L. Kastelan-kunst, and B. Kunst, Porosity of some commercial reverse osmosis and nanofiltration polyamide thin-film composite membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.168, issue.1-2, pp.101-108, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00309-9

M. J. Kotelyanskii, N. J. Wagner, and M. E. Paulaitis, Atomistic simulation of water and salt transport in the reverse osmosis membrane FT-30, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.139, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00220-2

I. Koyuncu, F. Yalcin, and I. Ozturk, Color removal of high strength paper and fermentation industry effluents with membrane technology, Water Science and Technology, vol.40, issue.11-12, pp.11-12, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00724-6

I. Koyuncu, M. Turan, D. Topacik, and A. Ates, Application of low pressure nanofiltration membranes recovery and reuse of dairy industry effluents, Water Science and Technology, vol.41, issue.1, pp.213-221, 2000.

I. Koyuncu, An advanced treatment of high-strength opium alkaloid processing industry wastewaters with membrane technology: pretreatment, fouling and retention characteristics of membranes, Desalination, vol.155, issue.3, pp.265-275, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00304-7

A. Kulkarni, Y. Han, and A. J. Hopfinger, Predicting Caco-2 Cell Permeation Coefficients of Organic Molecules Using Membrane-Interaction QSAR Analysis, Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, vol.42, issue.2, pp.331-342, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/ci010108d

S. Kwak, S. G. Jung, and S. H. Kim, Structure-Motion-Performance Relationship of Flux-Enhanced Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes Composed of Aromatic Polyamide Thin Films, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.35, issue.21, pp.4334-4340, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/es010630g

S. Lafon-lafourcade, C. Geneix, and P. Ribéreau-gayon, Inhibition of alcoholic fermentation of grape must by fatty acids produced by yeasts and their elimination by yeast ghosts, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.47, issue.6, pp.1246-1249, 1984.

J. Leveau and M. Bouix, Les levures in: Microbiologie industrielle, Leveau J.-Y., Bouix M, 1993.

Q. Li, Z. Xu, and I. Pinnau, Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes by biopolymers in wastewater secondary effluent: Role of membrane surface properties and initial permeate flux, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.290, issue.1-2, pp.173-181, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.027

S. Z. Li, X. Y. Li, and D. Z. Wang, Membrane (RO-UF) filtration for antibiotic wastewater treatment and recovery of antibiotics, Separation and Purification Technology, vol.34, issue.1-3, pp.109-114, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1383-5866(03)00184-9

M. K. Liew, S. Tanaka, and M. Morita, Separation and purification of lactic acid: Fundamental studies on the reverse osmosis down-stream process, Desalination, vol.101, issue.3, pp.269-277, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0011-9164(95)00030-6

S. H. Lin and C. R. Yang, Chemical and physical treatments of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater from semiconductor fabrication, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.108, issue.1-2, pp.103-109, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.01.014

J. K. Liou, G. Daufin, F. René, and P. Aimar, Géométrie des modules in: Les séparations par membrane dans les procédés de l'industrie alimentaire, pp.41-56, 1998.

P. Lipp, R. Gimbel, and F. H. Frimmel, Parameters influencing the rejection properties of FT30 membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.95, issue.2, pp.185-197, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00124-3

L. F. Liu, S. C. Yu, L. G. Wu, and C. J. Gao, Study on a novel polyamide-urea reverse osmosis composite membrane (ICIC-MPD), Journal of Membrane Science, vol.283, issue.1-2, pp.133-146, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.033

H. Londsdale, U. Merten, and R. Riley, Transport properties of cellulose acetate osmotic membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.9, issue.4, p.1341, 1965.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1965.070090413

S. Ma, L. Song, S. L. Ong, and W. J. Ng, A 2-D streamline upwind Petrov/Galerkin finite element model for concentration polarization in spiral wound reverse osmosis modules, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.244, issue.1-2, pp.129-139, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.048

S. S. Madaeni and Y. Mansourpanah, COD Removal from Concentrated Wastewater Using Membranes, Filtration & Separation, vol.40, issue.6, pp.40-46, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0015-1882(03)00635-9

M. Mänttäri, J. Nuortila-jokinen, and M. Nyström, Influence of filtration conditions on the performance of NF membranes in the filtration of paper mill total effluent, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.137, issue.1-2, pp.187-199, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00223-8

R. M. Marcé, M. Calull, C. Olucha, F. Borrull, and F. X. Rius, Optimized isocratic separation of major carboxylic acids in wine, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.542, pp.277-293, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88767-7

M. Marcucci, G. Nosenzo, G. Capanelli, I. Ciabatti, D. Corrieri et al., Treatment and reuse of textile effluents based on new ultrafiltration and other membrane technologies, Desalination, vol.138, issue.1-3, pp.75-82, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00247-8

K. G. Marinova, R. G. Alargova, N. D. Denkov, O. D. Velev, D. N. Petsev et al., Charging of Oil???Water Interfaces Due to Spontaneous Adsorption of Hydroxyl Ions, Langmuir, vol.12, issue.8, pp.2045-2051, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/la950928i

P. Marty, Traitement des effluents par filtration membranaire. Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles, pp.50-55, 1999.

T. Matsuura and S. Sourirajan, Physicochemical criteria for reverse osmosis separation of alcohols, phenols, and monocarboxylic acid in aqueous solutions using porous cellulose acetate membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.15, issue.12, pp.2905-2927, 1971.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1971.070151202

T. Matsuura and S. Sourirajan, Physicochemical criteria for reverse osmosis separation of aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, and amines in aqueous solutions using porous cellulose acetate membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.16, issue.7, pp.1663-1686, 1972.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1972.070160707

T. Matsuura, P. Blais, J. M. Dickson, and S. Sourirajan, Reverse osmosis separations for some alcohols and phenols in aqueous solutions using aromatic polyamide membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.18, issue.12, pp.3671-3684, 1974.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1974.070181214

A. Maurel, G. Daufin, F. René, and P. Aimar, Osmose inverse in: Les séparations par membrane dans les procédés de l'industrie alimentaire, pp.68-85, 1998.

A. Maurel, Dessalement de l'eau de mer et des eaux saumâtres, 2006.

V. Mavrov and E. Bélières, Reduction of water consumption and wastewater quantities in the food industry by water recycling using membrane processes, Desalination, vol.131, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)90008-0

C. B. Mazza, N. Sukumar, C. M. Breneman, and S. M. Cramer, Prediction of Protein Retention in Ion-Exchange Systems Using Molecular Descriptors Obtained from Crystal Structure, Analytical Chemistry, vol.73, issue.22, pp.5457-5461, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ac010797s

R. A. Mcginnis, R. A. Mcginnis, and . Denver, Chemistry of the beet and processing materials in: Beet-sugar technology, pp.25-63, 1982.

H. Mehdizadeh, K. Molaiee-nejad, and Y. C. Chong, Modeling of mass transport of aqueous solutions of multi-solute organics through reverse osmosis membranes in case of solute???membrane affinityPart 1. Model development and simulation, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.267, issue.1-2, pp.27-40, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.03.059

U. Merten, Transport Properties of osmotic membranes in: Desalination by reverse psmosis, 1966.

M. Couallier and E. , Etude du recyclage en fermentation alcoolique des condensats d'évaporation de vinasses de distillerie, Thèse en Génie des Procédés, 2004.

M. Couallier, E. Payot, T. Pastore-bertin, A. Lameloise, and M. L. , Recycling of Distillery Effluents in Alcoholic Fermentation: Role in Inhibition of 10 Organic Molecules, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol.133, issue.3, pp.217-238, 2006.
DOI : 10.1385/ABAB:133:3:217

M. Couallier, E. Salgado-ruiz, B. Lameloise, M. Decloux, and M. , Usefulness of reverse osmosis in the treatment of condensates arising from the concentration of distillery vinasses, Desalination, vol.196, issue.1-3, pp.306-317, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01267099

M. Couallier, E. Bleton, J. Lameloise, M. Tchapla, and A. , Quantification of deformed peaks in capillary gas chromatography (CGC): Application to simultaneous analysis of free fatty acids and less polar compounds in aqueous distillery effluent, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.583, issue.2, pp.259-265, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.024

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01267089

D. Mukherjee, A. Kulkarni, and W. N. Gill, Membrane based system for ultrapure hydrofluoric acid etching solutions, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.109, issue.2, pp.205-217, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00201-4

C. Murray-gulde, J. E. Heatley, T. Karanfil, R. Jr, J. H. Myers et al., Performance of a hybrid reverse osmosis-constructed wetland treatment system for brackish oil field produced water, Water Research, vol.37, issue.3, pp.705-713, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00353-6

L. D. Nghiem, A. I. Schäfer, and T. D. Waite, Adsorptive interactions between membranes and trace contaminants, Desalination, vol.147, issue.1-3, pp.269-274, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00550-7

D. Norberg, S. Hong, J. Taylor, and Y. Zhao, Surface characterization and performance evaluation of commercial fouling resistant low-pressure RO membranes, Desalination, vol.202, issue.1-3, pp.45-52, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.037

A. Noworyta, T. Koziol, and A. Trusek-holownia, A system for cleaning condensates containing ammonium nitrate by the reverse osmosis method, Desalination, vol.156, issue.1-3, pp.397-402, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00373-4

M. N. Osizik, Finite Difference Methods in Heat Transfer, Boca Raton, 1985.

H. Ozaki and H. Li, Rejection of organic compounds by ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane, Water Research, vol.36, issue.1, pp.123-130, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00197-X

A. P. Padilla and E. L. Tavani, Treatment of an industrial effluent by reverse osmosis, Desalination, vol.126, issue.1-3, pp.219-226, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00178-2

C. Peri, P. Battisti, and D. Setti, Solute transport and permeability characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes, Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und -Technologie, vol.6, issue.4, p.127, 1973.

P. Y. Pontalier, A. Ismail, and M. Ghoul, Specific model for nanofiltration, Journal of Food Engineering, vol.40, issue.3, pp.145-151, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0260-8774(99)00041-2

D. Prats, M. F. Chillon, M. Rubio, and J. A. Reverter, Alicante University, closed water cycle, reverse osmosis and water treatment plants, Desalination, vol.109, issue.3, pp.315-321, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00077-5

J. J. Qin, M. H. Oo, M. N. Wai, and F. S. Wong, Effect of feed pH on an integrated membrane process for the reclamation of a combined rinse water from electroless nickel plating, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.217, issue.1-2, pp.261-268, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00141-8

J. A. Redondo, Brackish-, sea- and wastewater desalination, Desalination, vol.138, issue.1-3, pp.29-40, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00241-7

L. Ricq, A. Pierre, J. C. Reggiani, J. Pagetti, and A. Foissy, Use of electrophoretic mobility and streaming potential measurements to characterize electrokinetic properties of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes. Colloids and Surface A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, pp.301-308, 1998.

S. S. Sablani, M. F. Goosen, R. Al-belushi, and M. Wilf, Concentration polarization in ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis: a critical review, Desalination, vol.141, issue.3, pp.269-289, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)85005-0

S. S. Sablani, M. F. Goosen, R. Al-belushi, and V. Gerardos, Influence of spacer thickness on permeate flux in spiral-wound seawater reverse osmosis systems, Desalination, vol.146, issue.1-3, pp.225-230, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00477-0

S. Ghayeni, S. B. Beatson, P. J. Schneider, R. P. Fane, and A. G. , Adhesion of waste water bacteria to reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.138, issue.1, pp.29-42, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00196-8

A. I. Schäfer, A. Pihlajamäki, A. G. Fane, T. D. Waite, and M. Nyström, Natural organic matter removal by nanofiltration: effects of solution chemistry on retention of low molar mass acids versus bulk organic matter, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.242, issue.1-2, pp.73-85, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.05.018

C. F. Schutte, The rejection of specific organic compounds by reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination, vol.158, issue.1-3, pp.285-294, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00466-1

T. Sherwood, P. Brian, and R. Fisher, Desalination by Reverse Osmosis, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, vol.6, issue.1, 1967.
DOI : 10.1021/i160021a001

Y. Shim, H. J. Lee, S. Lee, S. H. Moon, and J. Cho, Effects of Natural Organic Matter and Ionic Species on Membrane Surface Charge, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, issue.17, pp.3864-3871, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es015880b

M. Soltanieh and S. Sahebdelfar, Interaction effects in multicomponent separation by reverse osmosis, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.183, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00554-8

S. Sourirajan, REVERSE OSMOSIS, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.61, issue.11, 1970.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50719a007

S. Sourirajan and T. Matsuura, Reverse osmosis/Ultrafiltration principles, 1985.

K. S. Spiegler and O. Kedem, Thermodynamics of hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis): criteria for efficient membranes, Desalination, vol.1, issue.4, pp.311-326, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)80018-1

S. Sridhar, A. Kale, and A. A. Khan, Reverse osmosis of edible vegetable oil industry effluent, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.205, issue.1-2, pp.83-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00065-0

J. Straatsma, G. Bargeman, H. C. Van-der-host, and J. A. Wesselingh, Can nanofiltration be fully predicted by a model?, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.198, issue.2, pp.273-284, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00669-X

R. Suthanthararajan, E. Ravindranath, K. Chitra, B. Umamaheswari, T. Ramesh et al., Membrane application for recovery and reuse of water from treated tannery wastewater, Desalination, vol.164, issue.2, pp.151-156, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(04)00174-2

K. Tahri, Desalination experience in Morocco, Desalination, vol.136, issue.1-3, pp.43-48, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00163-1

C. Y. Tang, Y. Kwon, and J. O. Leckie, Probing the nano- and micro-scales of reverse osmosis membranes???A comprehensive characterization of physiochemical properties of uncoated and coated membranes by XPS, TEM, ATR-FTIR, and streaming potential measurements, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.287, issue.1, pp.146-156, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.10.038

P. Tjomb, La grande percée des membranes dans les effluents. La revue de l'industrie agroalimentaire 15, 1998.

P. Tjomb, Un bi-osmoseur pour l'eau de process de Courvoisier. La revue de l'industrie agroalimentaire 26, 1998.

P. Tjomb, Eaux de chaudière : Dailycer se dote de l'osmose inverse. La revue de l'industrie agro-alimentaire 15, 1999.

V. Tödtheide, G. Laufenberg, and B. Kunz, Waste water treatment using reverse osmosis: real osmotic pressure and chemical functionality as influencing parameters on the retention of carboxylic acids in multi-component systems, Desalination, vol.110, issue.3, pp.213-222, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00100-8

D. Tondeur, General principles of percolation processes and chromatographic applications in: Percolation processes, theory and applications, pp.1-30, 1981.

B. Van-der-bruggen, J. Schaep, D. Wilms, and C. Vandecasteele, Influence of molecular size, polarity and charge on the retention of organic molecules by nanofiltration, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.156, issue.1, pp.29-41, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00326-3

B. Van-der-bruggen, L. Braeken, and C. Vandecasteele, Flux decline in nanofiltration due to adsorption of organic compounds, Separation and Purification Technology, vol.29, issue.1, pp.23-31, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1383-5866(01)00199-X

B. Van-der-bruggen, L. Braeken, and C. Vandecasteele, Evaluation of parameters describing flux decline in nanofiltration of aqueous solutions containing organic compounds, Desalination, vol.147, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00553-2

B. Van-der-bruggen and C. Vandecasteele, Modelling of the retention of uncharged molecules with nanofiltration, Water Research, vol.36, issue.5, pp.1360-1368, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00318-9

V. Oss, C. J. Chaudhury, M. K. Goog, and R. J. , Interfacial Lifshitz-van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systems, Chemical Reviews, vol.88, pp.927-941, 1988.

V. Oss and C. J. , Forces interfaciales en milieu aqueux, 1996.

S. Verissimo, K. Peinemann, and J. Bordado, Influence of the diamine structure on the nanofiltration performance, surface morphology and surface charge of the composite polyamide membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.279, issue.1-2, pp.266-275, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.12.014

H. Viallis-terrise, Interactions des silicates de calcium hydratés, principaux constituants du ciment, avec les chlorures d'alcalins. Analogie avec les argiles, Thèse en Chimie physique, 2000.

J. Weissbrodt, M. Manthey, B. Ditgens, G. Laufenberg, and B. Kunz, Separation of aqueous organic multi-component solutions by reverse osmosis ??? development of a mass transfer model, Desalination, vol.133, issue.1, pp.65-74, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00083-2

J. G. Wijmans and R. W. Baker, The solution-diffusion model: a review, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.107, issue.1-2, pp.1-21, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00102-I

M. Wilf, Design consequences of recent improvements in membrane performance, Desalination, vol.113, issue.2-3, pp.157-163, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00124-0

M. Wilf, Intensive course : RO, NF and membrane filtration technology for potable water applications, 2005.

M. E. Williams, J. A. Hestekin, C. N. Smothers, and D. Bhattacharyya, Separation of Organic Pollutants by Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes:?? Mathematical Models and Experimental Verification, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.38, issue.10, pp.3683-3695, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/ie990140l

M. E. Williams, A review of reverse osmosis theory, 2003.

C. Womersley, L. Drinkwater, and J. H. Crowe, Separation of tricarboxylic acid cycle acids and other related organic acids in insect haemolymph by high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.318, pp.112-116, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90669-7

J. M. Wong, Testing and implementation of an advanced wastewater reclamation and recycling system in a major petrochemical plant, Water Science and Technology, vol.45, pp.5-6, 2000.

S. Wright, J. Pellegrino, and G. Amy, Humectant release from membrane materials, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.246, issue.2, pp.227-234, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.07.030

M. H. Yang and Y. M. Choong, A rapid gas chromatographic method for direct determination of short-chain (C2???C12) volatile organic acids in foods, Food Chemistry, vol.75, issue.1, pp.101-108, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00211-4

Y. Yoon and R. M. Lueptow, Removal of organic contaminants by RO and NF membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.261, issue.1-2, pp.76-86, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.03.038

W. Zhang, Adsorption enhancement of laterally interacting phenol/aniline mixtures onto nonpolar adsorbents, Chemosphere, vol.66, issue.11, pp.2044-2049, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.082

Y. Zhao and J. S. Taylor, Incorporation of osmotic pressure in an integrated incremental model for predicting RO or NF permeate concentration, Desalination, vol.174, issue.2, pp.145-159, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.desal.2004.09.008

Y. Zhao, J. S. Taylor, and S. Chellam, Predicting RO/NF water quality by modified solution diffusion model and artificial neural networks, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.263, issue.1-2, pp.38-46, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.004