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, Entre les deux modèles RNN (LSTM et GRU), la méthode basée sur GRU obtient des résultats légèrement meilleurs que ceux de LSTM. En appliquant le meilleur classificateur GRU de la méthode RNN pour la zone d'étude, nous avons établi la carte de couverture des terres agricoles pour la Camargue en 2017. Parmi les différentes classes agricoles, le riz est la culture dominante (avec 29.3 % et 10 627 ha) par son étendue et sa présence partout dans la région. Nous avons démontré que, même avec les approches classiques (KNN, RF et SVM), une bonne performance de classification pouvait être obtenue avec les séries temporelles d'images Sentinel-1. Nous avons aussi montré que l'utilisation de réseaux neuronaux récurrents pour gérer des données multitemporelles Sentinel-1 permet une visualisation des classes agricoles supérieure aux méthodes classiques d'apprentissage automatique. Les expériences menées mettent en évidence la pertinence d'une classe spécifique de modèles d'apprentissage profond (RNN) qui considère, Les résultats des différentes approches de classification sont satisfaisants. Avec la validation croisée (5 fois) de toutes les méthodes sur les données multitemporelles Sentinel-1, tous les indicateurs de performance des classificateurs sont très élevés, montrant ainsi la qualité de l'ensemble de données Sentinel-1 pour la classification des terres agricoles

, La hauteur du riz est une caractéristique agronomique importante. L'estimation de la hauteur des plants est considérée comme une méthode simple pour suivre la croissance du riz, car ce paramètre influence grandement le rendement, Ce chapitre a pour but d'analyser la capacité des données SAR Sentinel-1 à estimer les paramètres du riz en Camargue (hauteur et biomasse)

, En Camargue, il existe une seule saison rizicole, de mai à septembre, quand la température et les précipitations sont les plus élevées. La riziculture inondée permet la rotation de l'eau nécessaire à la désalinisation du sol et l'introduction d'autres cultures telles que le blé, le tournesol et la vigne. En Camargue, la récolte de riz a un impact important sur l'équilibre écologique

, Il existe trois grandes périodes de culture du riz : la période de semis (suivant les conditions météorologiques, de fin avril à mi-mai), la période de croissance (jusqu'en septembre) et la période de récolte, L'observation temporelle de la croissance du riz est importante pour comprendre les réponses radar des parcelles de riz à différents stades de croissance