M. Gullino, Chemical control of Botrytis spp, Recent advances in Botrytis research, pp.217-222, 1992.

P. G. Haas and G. Wennemuth, Kuhllagerung von Baumschulgeholzen. III. Botrytis-und Fusarium befall an Geholzen im Kuhllager. Gartenbauwis-senschaft, vol.27, pp.231-242, 1962.

B. Haubold, M. Travisano, P. B. Rainey, and R. Hudson, Detecting linkage disequilibrium in bacterial populations, Genetics, vol.150, pp.1341-1348, 1998.

G. Hennebert, Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera, Persoonia, vol.7, pp.183-204, 1973.

E. Hildebrand, Techniques for the isolation of single microorganisms, Bot Rev, vol.4, pp.628-654, 1938.

E. Hoffland, M. L. Van-beusichem, and M. Jeger, Nitrogen availability and susceptibility of tomato leaves to Botrytis cinerea, Plant. Soil, vol.210, pp.263-272, 1999.

G. Holz, S. Coertze, and B. Williamson, The ecology of Botrytis on plant surfaces, Botrytis: biology, pathology and control, pp.9-27, 2004.

Y. Honda and Y. Mizumura, Light and temperature dependent conidium and sclerotium formation in Botrytis spp, Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, pp.27-35, 1991.

M. I. Hosen, A. U. Ahmed, and M. Islam, Variability and pathogenicity in Bangladeshi isolates of Botrytis cinerea causing botrytis grey mould in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), Span. J. Agric. Res, vol.9, pp.129-134, 2010.

D. A. Isenegger, P. K. Ades, R. Ford, and P. W. Taylor, Status of the Botrytis cinerea Références Bibliographiques, 2008.

, species complex and microsatellite analysis of transposon types in South Asia and Australia, Fungal. Divers, vol.29, pp.17-26

D. A. Isenegger, W. J. Macleod, R. Ford, and P. W. Taylor, Genotypic diversity and migration of clonal lineages of Botrytis cinerea from chickpea fields of Bangladesh inferred by microsatellite markers, Plant. Pathol, vol.57, pp.967-973, 2008.

, J

J. W. , Botryotinia and Botrytis species: Taxonomy, Physiology, and Pathogenicity. Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, p.195, 1977.

J. W. , Epidemiology, 219-50 pp, in: The biology of Botrytis, 1980.

J. W. , Managing diseases in greenhouse crops, Plant. Dis, vol.73, pp.190-194, 1989.

J. W. , Managing diseases in greenhouse crops American Phytopathological Society, 1992.

D. Judet-correia, S. Bollaert, A. Duquenne, C. Charpentier, M. Bensoussan et al., Validation of a predictive model for the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on grape berries, Int. J. Food. Microbiol, vol.142, pp.106-113, 2010.

S. Karchani-balma, A. Gautier, A. Raies, and E. Fournier, Geography, plants, and growing systems shape the genetic structure of Tunisian Botrytis cinerea populations, Phytopathol, vol.98, pp.1271-1279, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02666903

A. Kerssies, Effects of temperature vapour pressure deficit and radiation on infectivity of conidia of Botrytis cinerea and on susceptibility of gerbera petals, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.100, pp.123-136, 1994.

N. Korolev, T. Katan, and Y. Elad, Use of Selenate-Resistant Strains as Markers for the Spread and Survival of Botrytis cinerea Under Greenhouse Conditions, Phytopathol, vol.96, pp.1195-1203, 2006.

N. Korolev, M. Mamiev, T. Zahavi, and Y. Elad, Screening of Botrytis cinerea isolates from vineyards in Israel for resistance to fungicides, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.129, pp.591-608, 2011.

J. Lamboy, Disease prevention in greenhouse tomato: an IPM perspective, Proc. New England Vegetable and Berry Conference and Trade Show, p.pp, 0200.

P. Leroux, R. Fritz, D. Debieu, C. Albertini, C. Lanen et al., Mechanisms of resistance to fungicides in field strains of Botrytis cinerea, Pest. Manag. Sci, vol.58, pp.876-88, 2002.

C. Leyronas and P. Nicot, Monitoring viable airborne inoculum of Botrytis cinerea in the South-East of France over 3 years: relation with climatic parameters and the origin of air masses, Aerobiologia, vol.29, pp.291-299, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02646614

C. Leyronas, M. Duffaud, and P. Nicot, Compared efficiency of the isolation methods for Botrytis cinerea, Mycology. Int. J. Fungal. Biol, vol.4, pp.221-225, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02646627

C. Leyronas, H. Fatnassi, M. Bardin, T. Boulard, and P. Nicot, Modelling Botrytis cinerea spore exchanges and production in unheated greenhouses, J. Plant. Pathol, vol.93, pp.407-414, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02650232

J. P. Lhomme and O. Jimenez, Estimating dew duration on banana and plantain leaves from standard meteorological observations, Agric. Forest. Meteorolo, vol.62, pp.263-274, 1992.

J. W. Lorbeer, A. M. Seyb, M. De-boer, and J. E. Van-den-ende, Botrytis species on bulb crops, Botrytis: biology, pp.273-294, 2004.

D. H. Lorenz and K. Eichhorn, Investigations on Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetz., the perfect stage of Botrytis cinerea Pers, Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, vol.90, pp.1-11, 1983.

L. V. Madden, G. Hughes, and F. Van-den-bosch, The study of plant disease epidemics, 2007.

F. Martinez, D. Blancard, P. Lecomte, C. Levis, B. Dubos et al., , 2003.

, Phenotypic differences between vacuma and transposa subpopulations of Botrytis cinerea, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.109, pp.479-488

F. Martinez, B. Dubos, and M. Fermaud, The role of saprotrophy and virulence in the population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards, Phytopathol, vol.95, pp.692-700, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02682988

J. A. Martinez, M. J. Gomez-bellot, and S. Banon, Temperature-dependent growth of Botrytis cinerea isolates from potted plants. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, vol.74, pp.729-738, 2009.

E. Mayr, Animal Species and Evolution, 1963.

B. A. Mcdonald and C. Linde, Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, vol.40, pp.349-379, 2002.

M. Mcquilken, Evaluation of novel fungicides and irrigation methods for grey mould control on Calluna vulgaris, Proc. Int.Soc. Plant. Propagators, pp.1-9, 2001.

R. Miclea and C. Puia, Phenotypic differences between isolates of Botrytis cinerea Pers. from different host plants, vol.67, p.325, 2010.

M. G. Milgroom and P. T. , Population biology of plant pathogens -The synthesis of plant disease epidemiology and population genetics, Plant Dis, vol.87, pp.608-617, 2003.

S. Mirzaei, E. M. Goltapeh, M. Shams-bakhsh, and N. Safaie, Identification of Botrytis spp. on Plants Grown in Iran, J. Phytopathol, vol.156, pp.21-28, 2008.

S. Mirzaei, E. M. Goltapeh, M. Shams-bakhsh, N. Safaie, and M. Chaichi, Genetic and phenotypic diversity among Botrytis cinerea isolates in Iran, J. Phytopathol, vol.157, pp.474-482, 2009.

G. W. Moorman and R. Lease, Benzimidazole and dicarboximide resistant Botrytis cinerea from Pennsylvania greenhouses, Plant. Dis, vol.76, pp.477-480, 1992.

M. W. , The effect of night temperature and glasshouse ventilation on the incidence of Botrytis cinerea in a late-planted tomato crop, Crop. Prot, vol.3, pp.243-251, 1984.

R. Moser, I. Pertot, Y. Elad, and R. Raffaelli, Farmers' attitudes toward the use of biocontrol agents in IPM strawberry production in three countries, Biol. Control, vol.47, pp.125-132, 2008.

C. Moyano, C. Alfonso, J. Gallego, R. Raposo, and P. Melgarejo, Comparison of RAPD and AFLP marker analysis as a means to study the genetic structure of Botrytis cinerea populations, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.109, pp.515-522, 2003.

G. Muñoz, P. Hinrichsen, Y. Brygoo, and T. Giraud, Genetic characterization of Botrytis cinerea populations in Chile, Mycol. Res, vol.106, pp.594-601, 2002.

C. K. Myresiotis, G. S. Karaoglanidis, and K. Tzavella-monari, Resistance of Botrytis cinerea isolates from vegetable crops to anilinopyrimidine, phenylpyrrole, hydroxyanilide, benzimidazole, and dicarboximide fungicides, Plant. Dis, vol.91, pp.407-413, 2007.

N. G. Nair and R. Allen, Infection of grape flowers and berries by Botrytis cinerea as a function of time and temperature, Mycol. Res, vol.97, pp.1012-1014, 1993.

E. Nederhoff, High humidity and plant diseases, New Zeland Commercial Grower, vol.52, p.18, 1997.

P. Nicot and D. Allex, Grey mold of greenhouse-grown tomatoes: disease control by climate management?, Proc. Bull. Working Group Integarted Control in Protected Crops under, pp.200-210, 1991.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02712882

P. C. Nicot, M. Mermier, B. E. Vaissière, and J. Lagier, Differential spore production by Botrytis cinerea on agar medium and plant tissue under near-ultraviolet light-absorbing polyethylene film, Plant. Dis, vol.80, pp.555-558, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697845

P. C. Nicot and A. Baille, Integrated control of Botrytis cinerea on greenhouse tomatoes, pp.169-189, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02842077

T. O'neill, Resurgence of tomato stem, Botrytis. Grower, vol.21, pp.54-55, 1994.

T. M. O'neill and M. Mcquilken, Influence of irrigation method on development of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in greenhouse crops of calluna, cyclamen and primula, Proc. BCPC Références Bibliographiques, 2000.

, Conference -Pests and Diseases, pp.267-272

T. M. O'neill, T. R. Pettitt, M. P. Mcquilken, and P. J. Hamer, Integrated approach to control grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in greenhouse crops of container-grown ornamentals, Proc. British Crop Protection Conference. Pests and Diseases, vol.1, pp.213-218, 2002.

T. M. O'neill, D. Shtienberg, and Y. Elad, Effect of some host and microclimate factors on infection of tomato stems by Botrytis cinerea, Plant. Dis, vol.81, pp.36-40, 1997.

J. Orskov, Method for the isolation of bacteria in pure culture from single cells and procedure for the direct tracing of bacterial growth on a solid medium, J. Bacteriol, vol.7, pp.537-549, 1922.

S. Pande, M. Sharma, G. K. Kishore, L. Shivram, and U. Mangala, Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates from chickpea: DNA polymorphisms, cultural, morphological and virulence characteristics, Afr. J. Biotech, vol.9, pp.7961-7967, 2010.

K. Pie and Y. Brower, Susceptibility of cut rose flower cultivars to infections by different isolates of Botrytis cinerea, J. Phytopathol, vol.137, pp.233-277, 1993.

D. S. Pitchay, J. M. Frantz, J. C. Locke, C. R. Krause, and G. C. Fernandez, Impact of applied nitrogen concentration on growth of elatior begonia and new guinea impatiens and susceptibility of begonia to Botrytis cinerea, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sc, vol.132, pp.193-201, 2007.

R. Prieto, S. Rodrigues, and S. Henriques, Relatório Projecto Agro 4-Desenvolvimento de técnicas de produção integrada na horticultura protegida e de ar livre na região Oeste, 2003.

G. R. Ramsey and J. Lorbeer, Pathogenicity of botrytis species on onion umbels and scapes under controlled conditions, Phytopathol, vol.76, pp.604-611, 1986.

R. Raposo, J. Delcan, V. Gomez, and P. Melgarejo, Distribution and fitness of isolates of Botrytis cinerea with multiple fungicide resistance in Spanish greenhouses, Plant. Pathol, vol.45, pp.497-505, 1995.

R. Raposo, V. Gomez, T. Urrutia, and P. Melgarejo, Fitness of Botrytis cinerea associated with dicarboximide resistance, Phytopathol, vol.90, pp.1246-1249, 2000.

R. Reuveni, M. Raviv, and R. Bar, Sporulation of B. cinerea as affected by photoselective polyethylene sheets and filters, Ann. Appl. Biol, vol.115, pp.417-424, 1989.

R. W. , Analyzing tables of statistical tests, Evolution, vol.43, pp.223-225, 1989.

J. Salinas, D. Glandorf, F. Picavet, and K. Verhoeff, Effects of temperature, relative Références Bibliographiques 102 humidity and age of conidia on the incidence of spotting on gerbera flowers caused by Botrytis cinerea, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.95, pp.51-64, 1989.

D. Shen, B. Li, X. Li, J. Song, Y. Shi et al., Pathogenicity analysis of different Botrytis cinerea strains in cucumber, pp.25-28, 2009.

M. Shiraishi, M. Fukutomi, and S. Akai, Recovery of germinability of aged conidia of Botrytis cinerea Pers. by several saccharides, Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jap, vol.36, pp.297-303, 1970.

D. Shtienberg, Y. Elad, A. Niv, Y. Nitzani, and B. Kirshner, Significance of leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea in stem rotting of tomatoes grown in non-heated greenhouses, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.104, pp.753-763, 1998.

P. Smith, The integrated control of Botrytis cinerea on glasshouse tomatoes, vol.289, p.pp, 1970.

R. E. Smith, Botrytis and Sclerotinia: Their relation to certain plant diseases and to each other, Bot. Gaz, vol.29, pp.369-407, 1900.

M. Sosa-alvarez, L. V. Madden, and M. Ellis, Effects of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf residues, Plant Dis, vol.79, pp.609-615, 1995.

M. Staats, Botrytis species on flower bulb crops: phylogeny, genetic variation and host specificity, 2007.

R. E. Stall, C. C. Hortenstine, and J. Iley, Incidence of Botrytis gray mold of tomato in relation to a calcium-phosporous balance, Phytopathol, vol.55, pp.447-449, 1965.

D. Steiger, Global economic importance of Botrytis protection, Book of Abstracts, 14th International Botrytis Symposium, pp.21-26, 2007.

T. M. Steward and P. Long, Sporulation of Botrytis cinerea in the dark, New. Zeal. J. Exp. Agr, vol.15, pp.389-392, 1987.

, host cell death during infection of bean leaves with Botrytis cinerea, Physiol. Mol. Plant. Pathol, vol.50, pp.151-166

I. Urbasch, Kugelige, umhüllte Mikrokonidien-Aggregate als Überdauerungs-und Verbreitungseinheiten von Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phytopatholo. Zeitschrift, vol.109, pp.241-244, 1984.

K. Z. Váczy, S. Erzsebet, K. Levente, F. Erzsebet, F. Eva et al., Sexual Recombination in the Botrytis cinerea Populations in Hungarian Vineyards, Phytopathol, vol.98, pp.1312-1319, 2008.

D. Vakalounakis, Control of fungal diseases of greenhouse tomato under longwave infrared absorbing plastic film, Plant. Dis, vol.76, pp.43-46, 1992.

A. Valiuskaite, E. Surviliene, and D. Baniulis, Genetic diversity and pathogenicity traits of Botrytis spp. isolated from horticultural hosts, Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, vol.97, pp.85-90, 2010.

I. Vallejo, M. Carbu, F. Muñoz, L. Rebordinos, and J. Cantoral, Inheritance of chromosome-length polymorphisms in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Botryotinia fuckeliana (anam. Botrytis cinerea), Mycol. Res, vol.106, pp.1075-1085, 2002.

J. E. Van-den-ende and I. Pennock, The perfect stage of Botrytis elliptica, XIth International Botrytis Symposium, p.16, 1996.

C. J. Van-der-vlugt-bergmans, B. F. Brandwagt, J. W. Vantt-klooster, C. A. Wagemakers, and J. A. Van-kan, Genetic variation and segregation of DNA polymorphisms in Botrytis cinerea, Mycol. Res, vol.97, pp.1193-1200, 1993.

A. Van-maanen and X. Xu, Modelling plant disease epidemics, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.109, pp.669-682, 2003.

B. Viennot, Encyclopédie mycologique XXVII. Lechevalier, Paris, 1965.

A. S. Walker, A. L. Gautier, J. Confais, D. Martinho, M. Viaud et al., Botrytis pseudocinerea, a new cryptic species causing gray mold in French vineyards in sympatry with Botrytis cinerea, Phytopathol, vol.101, pp.1433-1445, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019801

Y. Wei, Environmental control to prevent condensation on tomato plants in greenhouses, p.218, 1995.

B. Wessels, S. Lamprecht, C. Linde, P. Fourie, and L. Mostert, Characterization of the genetic variation and fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea populations on rooibos seedlings in the Western Cape of South Africa, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.136, pp.407-417, 2013.

H. Whetzel, A synopsis of the genera and species of the Sclerotiniaceae, a family of stromatic inoperculate discomycetes, Mycologia, vol.37, pp.648-714, 1945.

B. Williamson, B. Tudzynski, P. Tudzynski, and J. Van-kan, Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease, Mol. Plant. Pathol, vol.8, pp.561-580, 2007.

D. H. Willits and M. Peet, The effect of night temperature on greenhouse grown tomato yields in warm climates, Agric. Forest. Meteorol, vol.92, pp.191-202, 1998.

S. Wright, Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Variability within and among natural populations, 1978.

O. C. Yoder and M. Whalen, Factors affecting postharvest infection of stored cabbage tissue by Botrytis cinerea, Can. J. Bot, vol.53, pp.691-699, 1975.

L. F. Yourman, S. N. Jeffers, and R. Dean, Genetic analysis of isolates of Botrytis cinerea sensitive and resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides, Phytopathol, vol.90, pp.851-859, 2000.

L. F. Yourman, S. N. Jeffers, and R. A. Dean, Studies on the inherent resistance risk to fenhexamid in Botrytis cinerea, Eur. J. Plant. Pathol, vol.109, pp.311-317, 2003.

H. Yunis, Y. Elad, and Y. Mahrer, Effects of air temperature, relative humidity and canopy wetness on grey mould of cucumbers in unheated greenhouses, Phytoparasitica, vol.3, pp.203-215, 1990.

C. Q. Zhang, J. W. Zhu, F. L. Wei, S. Y. Liu, and G. Zhu, Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse vegetables to DMIs and fenhexamid, Phytoparasitica, vol.35, pp.300-313, 2007.

M. A. Zhonghua and T. Michailides, Genetic structure of Botrytis cinerea populations from different host plants in California, Sites internet, vol.89, pp.1083-1089, 2005.

. .. Pomme-de-terre,

. .. Glucose,

. .. Agar,

. .. Eau-distillée, , vol.40

. .. Autoclavage,

, Gélose à extrait de malt (MEA)

. .. Extrait-de-malt,

.. .. Peptone-mycologique,

.. .. Agar-agar,

. .. Eau-distillée, , vol.0, p.40

, Gélose blanche

. .. Agar,

. .. Eau-distillé,

. .. Autoclavage,

. .. Tampon-phosphate,

. .. Autoclavage, min Annexes Annexe VI: Protocole d'éxtraction d'ADN

, Au préalable : ? Mettre le bain marie et l'étuve en marche

?. Préparer-le-mélange, 90ml AP1 + 225µlRnase + 225µlreagent DX. ? Mettre dans le bain marie a 65¢XC

, Mettre 400 µl de tampon (AP1+ RNase + reagent DX) dans chaque tube (avec une bille de Tungsten), Boucher les plaques avec leurs barrettes précédentes

, Secouer 2 x 2 minutes avec la machine à secouer. (30 hz)

, Ajouter 130 µl de tampon AP2 + boucher avec nouveau tapis

, Fermer les plaques avec des barrettes de bouchons en plastique puis mettre au congélateur