C. Chapitre, Fichiers de paramètres du code FullSWOF-Transfert

, Length of the domain with respect to x (in meters) <L>:: 400 Final time <T>:: 1800 Number of times saved <nbtimes>, p.10, 2013.

. Timestep,

, Left boundary condition (1=imp.h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Lbound>:: 1 Imposed discharge in left bc <L_imp_q> :: 1 Imposed water height in left bc <L_imp_h>, p.1

, Right boundary condition (1=imp.h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Rbound>:: 1 Imposed discharge in right bc <R_imp_q> :: 1 Imposed water height in right bc <R_imp_h>, p.1

, Friction law (0=NoFriction 1=Man 2=DaW 3=lam) <fric>:: 0 Friction coefficient <friccoef>:: Numerical flux (1=Rus 2=HLL 3=HLL2 4=Kin 5=VFRoe) <flux>:: 2 Order of the scheme <order>

, 2=ENO 3=ENOmod) <rec>:: 1 AmortENO <amortENO>:: ModifENO <modifENO>:: Limiter (1=Minmod 2=VanAlbada 3=VanLeer) <lim>, p.1

, Topography (1=file 2=flat 3=Thacker 4=bump) <topo>:: 2 Name of the topography file <topo_NF>:: Initialization of h and u (1=file 2=h&u=0 3=Wet_Dam 4=Dry_Dam 5=Dressler 6=Thacker) <hu_init>:: 1 Name of the hu initialization file <hu_NF>::hu__Nx4000.txt ## condition initiale avec h=1 et u=1

, Rain (0=no rain 1=file 2=function) <rain>:: 0 Name of the rain file <rain_NF>:: Infiltration model (0=No infiltration 1=Green-Ampt) <inf>:: 0 zcrust, thickness of the crust (1=file 2=const_coef) <zcrust_init>:: zcrust coefficient <zcrustcoef>:: Name of the zcrust file <zcrust_NF>:: Ks, hydraulic conductivity (saturation) of the soil

. Kc, Kc coefficient <Kccoef>:: Name of the Kc file <Kc_NF>:: dtheta, water content (1=file 2=const_coef) <dtheta_init>:: dtheta coefficient <dthetacoef>:: Name of the dtheta file <dtheta_NF>:: Psi, load pressure (1=file 2=const_coef) (1=file 2=const_coef) <Psi_init>:: Psi coefficient <Psicoef>:: Name of the Psi file <Psi_NF>:: imax, Maximun infiltration rate (1=file 2=const_coef) <imax_init>:: imax coefficient <imaxcoef>:: Name of the imax file <imax_NF>:: Suffix for the 'Outputs' directory <suffix_o>:: classes <Nc>::1 Number of times saved <nbtimes_conc>, p.5

, Temporal concentrations saved (0=No 1=Yes) <Temp>::1 Spatial position of the temporal concentrations saved (x position) <X_temp>::200 Inflow concentrations (0=No_inflow 1=same_coef 2=file) <Cin>::0 Cin coefficient <Cincoef>:: Name of the inflow concentrations file <Cin_NF>:: Start time of inflow concentrations <Tin>:: End time of inflow concentrations <Tstop>:: Initialization of Ci and Mi (0=Ci&Mi=0 1=Ci&Mi=same_coef 2=file) <CM_init>::2 Ci coefficient <Cicoef>:: Mi coefficient <Micoef>:: Name of the Ci and Mi initialization file <CM_NF>::Laj_carree_Nx4000.txt ## fichier de bosse rectangulaire pour Mi Alpha

, Relaxation parameter Rpi (1=same_coef 2=file) <Rpi>::1 Rpi coefficient <Rpicoef>::1 Name of the Rpi file <Rpi_NF>:: Relaxation time Tsi (0=Tsi=Rpi 1=Tsi=h*Rpi 2=Tsi=chemical_time

, R0_chem, rain intensity threshold for chemical transfer <R0_chem>:: Equilibrium function g(Mi) (1=linear 2=nonlinear_plus 3=nonlinear_minus) <GMi>::1 CA, characteristic concentration <CAcoef>:: Kex, exchange type of the equilibrium function, p.0

K. , parameter of the equilibrium function (1=same_coef 2=file) <Ki>::1 Ki coefficient <Kicoef>::1 Name of the Ki file <Ki_NF>:: Second Ki, parameter of the equilibrium function (1=same_coef 2=file) <Ki2>:: Second Ki coefficient <Kicoef2>:: Name of the second Ki file <Ki_NF2>:: R0, rain intensity threshold <R0>:: q0, water flux threshold <q0>:: Distributed supply

. Ds and . <dscoef>, Name of the Ds file <Ds_NF>:: Start time of distributed supply <TD_start>:: Depletion time of distributed supply <TD_end>:: Rain supply, p.0

, Ad, detachability of the initial soil <Adcoef>:: B, rain exponent (0=const_coef 1=exponential_form) <B>:: B coefficient <Bcoef>:: Depletion time of rain supply <TR_end>:: Flow supply, p.0

. Fd, Je, energy of entrainment <Jecoef>:: Depletion time of flow supply <TF_end>:: Ms, mass for complete shielding <Mscoef>:: Pi, proportion of each class in the initial soil (1=same_prop 2=file) <Pi>:: Pi coefficient <Picoef>:: Name of the Pi file <Pi_NF>:: Chemical supply, p.1

C. Chapitre, Fichiers de paramètres du code FullSWOF-Transfert

, Length of the domain with respect to x (in meters) <L>:: 10 Final time <T>:: 30 Number of times saved <nbtimes>, p.10, 2000.

. Timestep,

, Left boundary condition (1=imp.h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Lbound>:: 5 Imposed discharge in left bc <L_imp_q> :: Imposed water height in left bc <L_imp_h> :: Right boundary condition (1=imp.h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Rbound>:: 5 Imposed discharge in right bc <R_imp_q> :: Imposed water height in right bc <R_imp_h> :: Friction law (0=NoFriction 1=Man 2=DaW 3=lam

, Numerical flux (1=Rus 2=HLL 3=HLL2 4=Kin 5=VFRoe) <flux>:: 2 Order of the scheme <order>

, 2=ENO 3=ENOmod) <rec>:: AmortENO <amortENO>:: ModifENO <modifENO>:: Limiter (1=Minmod 2=VanAlbada 3=VanLeer) <lim>:: Topography (1=file 2=flat 3=Thacker 4=bump) <topo>:: 1 Name of the topography file <topo_NF>::topo_2000.txt ### fichier de topo avec une pente

, Initialization of h and u (1=file 2=h&u=0 3=Wet_Dam 4=Dry_Dam 5=Dressler 6=Thacker) <hu_init>:: 1 Name of the hu initialization file <hu_NF>::hub_2000.txt ## condition initiale proche de la solution stationnaire avec

, Temporal concentrations saved (0=No 1=Yes) <Temp>::1 Spatial position of the temporal concentrations saved (x position) <X_temp>::10 Inflow concentrations (0=No_inflow 1=same_coef 2=file) <Cin>::1 Cin coefficient <Cincoef>::10 Name of the inflow concentrations file <Cin_NF>:: Start time of inflow concentrations <Tin>::0 End time of inflow concentrations <Tstop>, p.500000

, Initialization of Ci and Mi (0=Ci&Mi=0 1=Ci&Mi=same_coef 2=file) <CM_init>::0 Ci coefficient <Cicoef>:: Mi coefficient <Micoef>:: Name of the Ci and Mi initialization file <CM_NF>:: Alpha, coefficient of the concentration Mi in the exchange layer <Alphacoef>, p.1

, Rpi coefficient <Rpicoef>:: Name of the Rpi file <Rpi_NF>::inv_vi.txt ## fichier contenant l'inverse des vitesses de sédimentation Relaxation time Tsi, p.1

K. , parameter of the equilibrium function (1=same_coef 2=file) <Ki>::2 Ki coefficient <Kicoef>:: Name of the Ki file <Ki_NF>::Ki_1.txt ## fichier contenant les valeurs de Ki avec Mdt* calculé à chaque pas de temps Second Ki, parameter of the equilibrium function

. Ds and . <dscoef>, Name of the Ds file <Ds_NF>:: Start time of distributed supply <TD_start>:: Depletion time of distributed supply <TD_end>:: Rain supply, p.0

, Ad, detachability of the initial soil <Adcoef>:: B, rain exponent (0=const_coef 1=exponential_form) <B>:: B coefficient <Bcoef>:: Depletion time of rain supply <TR_end>:: Flow supply, p.0

C. Chapitre, Fichiers de paramètres du code FullSWOF-Transfert

, 500 Length of the domain with respect to x (in meters) <L>:: 2 Final time <T>:: 3000 Number of times saved <nbtimes>, p.20, 2004.

. Timestep,

, Left boundary condition (1=imp.h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Lbound>:: 3 Imposed discharge in left bc <L_imp_q> :: 0 Imposed water height in left bc

, h 2=neum 3=imp.q 4=wall 5=period) <Rbound>:: 2 Imposed discharge in right bc <R_imp_q> :: Imposed water height in right bc <R_imp_h> :: Friction law (0=NoFriction 1=Man 2=DaW 3=lam) <fric>:: 1 Friction

, Numerical flux (1=Rus 2=HLL 3=HLL2 4=Kin 5=VFRoe) <flux>:: 2 Order of the scheme <order>

, Initialization of h and u (1=file 2=h&u=0 3=Wet_Dam 4=Dry_Dam 5=Dressler 6=Thacker) <hu_init>:: 1 Name of the hu initialization file <hu_NF>::hu2_500_5.txt ## condition initiale soit avec h=0.005 et u=0 soit avec h=0.0016 et, p.0

, Rain (0=no rain 1=file 2=function) <rain>:: 1 Name of the rain file <rain_NF>:: rain.txt ## fichier de pluie avec

, Infiltration model (0=No infiltration 1=Green-Ampt) <inf>:: 0 zcrust, thickness of the crust (1=file 2=const_coef) <zcrust_init>:: zcrust coefficient <zcrustcoef>:: Name of the zcrust file <zcrust_NF>:: Ks, hydraulic conductivity (saturation) of the soil (1=file 2=const_coef) <Ks_init_init>:: Ks coefficient <Kscoef>:: Name of the Ks, vol.<Ks_NF>

, Temporal concentrations saved (0=No 1=Yes) <Temp>::1 Spatial position of the temporal concentrations saved (x position) <X_temp>::2 Inflow concentrations (0=No_inflow 1=same_coef 2=file) <Cin>::1 Cin coefficient <Cincoef>::0.695 Name of the inflow concentrations file <Cin_NF>:: Start time of inflow concentrations <Tin>::0 End time of inflow concentrations <Tstop>::1e+08 Initialization of Ci and Mi (0=Ci&Mi=0 1=Ci&Mi=same_coef 2=file) <CM_init>::0 Ci coefficient <Cicoef>:: Mi coefficient <Micoef>:: Name of the Ci and Mi initialization file <CM_NF>:: Alpha, p.1

, Rpi coefficient <Rpicoef>:: Name of the Rpi file <Rpi_NF>::inv_vi4.txt ## fichier contenant l'inverse des vitesses de sédimentation Relaxation time Tsi, p.1

K. , parameter of the equilibrium function (1=same_coef 2=file) <Ki>::1 Ki coefficient <Kicoef>::185000 Name of the Ki file <Ki_NF>:: Second Ki, parameter of the equilibrium function (1=same_coef 2=file) <Ki2>:: Second Ki coefficient <Kicoef2>:: Name of the second Ki file <Ki_NF2>:: R0, rain intensity threshold <R0>::0 q0, flow stream power threshold <q0>:: Distributed supply

. Ds and . <dscoef>, Name of the Ds file <Ds_NF>:: Start time of distributed supply <TD_start>:: Depletion time of distributed supply <TD_end>:: Rain supply, p.1

, Ad, detachability of the initial soil <Adcoef>, p.920

, B, rain exponent (0=const_coef 1=exponential_form) <B>::0 B coefficient <Bcoef>::1 Depletion time of rain supply <TR_end>::5e+06 Flow supply

, Fd, coefficient of the excess water flux <Fdcoef>:: Je, energy of entrainment <Jecoef>:: Depletion time of flow supply <TF_end>:: Ms, mass for complete shielding

. Pi, Pi coefficient <Picoef>::0.1 Name of the Pi file <Pi_NF>:: Chemical supply (0=No_supply 1=supply) <Chem>::0 J, diffusion rate from the soil <J>:: de, depth of the exchange layer <de>:: Depletion time of chemical supply <TC_end>:: rho, p.1

C. Chapitre, Fichiers de paramètres du code FullSWOF-Transfert

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N. Amina and . Bako, Modélisation numérique de l'érosion diffuse des sols. Interaction gouttes-ruissellement

, Dans un premier temps, nous avons établi une loi de détachement par la pluie qui inclut l'effet des gouttes et celui de l'épaisseur de la lame d'eau qui couvre la surface du sol. Pour obtenir cette loi, une étude numérique avec le logiciel Gerris a permis de modéliser les cisaillements créés par l'impact des gouttes sur des épaisseurs de lame d'eau variables. Ces cisaillements estiment la quantité de sol détaché par chaque goutte. Nous avons montré, à travers une étude probabiliste, que les gouttes sont quasiment indépendantes lors du détachement. Les détachements de l'ensemble des gouttes sont donc sommés pour établir la loi de détachement pour la pluie. Par ailleurs, l'étude probabiliste a montré la possibilité d'une forte interaction entre les gouttes de pluie et les particules en sédimentation. Par conséquent, pour le processus de transport-sédimentation, nous avons privilégié une approche expérimentale, L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle d'érosion diffuse qui intègre les principaux processus de ce phénomène (détachement, transport, sédimentation) et qui prend en compte l'interaction des gouttes de pluie avec ces processus

. Enfin, nous avons proposé un nouveau modèle d'érosion qui généralise plusieurs modèles d'érosion de la littérature et décrit l'évolution des concentrations en sédiments avec des effets linéaires et non-linéaires

, celui-ci peut représenter l'érosion diffuse et concentrée à l'échelle du bassin versant

, Mots clés : modélisation, érosion diffuse, gouttes de pluie, cisaillement, interaction, ruissellement, vitesse de sédimentation, modèle d'érosion