J. M. Bourre, Dietary omega-3 Fatty acids and psychiatry: mood, behaviour, stress, depression, dementia and aging, J. Nutr. Health Aging, vol.9, pp.31-38, 2005.

S. I. Rapoport, J. S. Rao, and M. Igarashi, Brain metabolism of nutritionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acids depends on both the diet and the liver, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, vol.77, pp.251-261, 2007.

L. Lauritzen, H. S. Hansen, M. H. Jorgensen, and K. F. Michaelsen, The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina, Prog. Lipid Res, vol.40, pp.1-94, 2001.

A. P. Simopoulos, Evolutionary aspects of the dietary omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio: medical implications, World Rev. Nutr. Diet, vol.100, pp.1-21, 2009.

G. Parker, Omega-3 fatty acids and mood disorders, Am. J. Psychiatry, vol.163, pp.969-978, 2006.

R. Mingam, Uncoupling of interleukin-6 from its signaling pathway by dietary n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation alters sickness behaviour in mice, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.28, pp.1877-1886, 2008.

S. Chalon, Omega-3 fatty acids and monoamine neurotransmission, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.259-269, 2006.

K. Mackie, Signaling via CNS cannabinoid receptors, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol, vol.286, pp.60-65, 2008.

B. D. Heifets and P. E. Castillo, Endocannabinoid signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity, Annu. Rev. Physiol, vol.71, pp.283-306, 2009.

F. M. Leweke and D. Koethe, Cannabis and psychiatric disorders: it is not only addiction, Addict. Biol, vol.13, pp.264-275, 2008.

B. Lutz, Endocannabinoid signals in the control of emotion, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol, vol.9, pp.46-52, 2009.

M. N. Hill, The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for the development of a novel class of antidepressants, Trends Pharmacol. Sci, vol.30, pp.484-493, 2009.

V. Krishnan and E. J. Nestler, The molecular neurobiology of depression, Nature, vol.455, pp.894-902, 2008.

E. J. Nestler and W. A. Carlezon, The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression, Biol. Psychiatry, vol.59, pp.1151-1159, 2006.

M. Lafourcade, Molecular components and functions of the endocannabinoid system in mouse prefrontal cortex, PLoS ONE, vol.2, p.709, 2007.

D. Robbe, M. Kopf, A. Remaury, J. Bockaert, and O. J. Manzoni, Endogenous cannabinoids mediate long-term synaptic depression in the nucleus accumbens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol.99, pp.8384-8388, 2002.

J. A. Kauer, R. C. Malenka, and . Ltp, AMPA receptors trading places, Nat. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.593-594, 2006.

S. J. Hayton, M. Lovett-barron, E. C. Dumont, and M. C. Olmstead, Target-specific encoding of response inhibition: increased contribution of AMPA to NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses in the prefrontal cortex, J. Neurosci, vol.30, pp.11493-11500, 2010.

D. Robbe, G. Alonso, S. Chaumont, J. Bockaert, and O. J. Manzoni, Role of p/q-Ca 2+ channels in metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3-dependent presynaptic long-term depression at nucleus accumbens synapses, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.4346-4356, 2002.

S. Mato, M. Lafourcade, D. Robbe, Y. Bakiri, and O. J. Manzoni, Role of the cyclic-AMP/PKA cascade and of P/Q-type Ca. channels in endocannabinoid-mediated longterm depression in the nucleus accumbens, Neuropharmacology, vol.54, pp.87-94, 2008.

F. Angelucci, S. Brene, and A. A. Mathe, BDNF in schizophrenia, depression and corresponding animal models, Mol Psychiatry, vol.10, issue.4, pp.345-352, 2005.

M. Bouaboula, B. Bourrie, M. Rinaldi-carmona, D. Shire, L. Fur et al., Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor CB1 induces krox-24 expression in human astrocytoma cells, J Biol Chem, vol.270, issue.23, pp.13973-13980, 1995.

M. Bouaboula, C. Poinot-chazel, B. Bourrie, X. Canat, B. Calandra et al., Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by stimulation of the central cannabinoid receptor CB1, Biochem J, vol.312, pp.637-641, 1995.

D. Cao, K. Kevala, J. Kim, H. S. Moon, S. B. Jun et al., Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function, J Neurochem, vol.111, issue.2, pp.510-521, 2009.

C. I. Clement, M. De-javel, D. Frances, H. Bourre, and J. M. , Specific phospholipid fatty acid composition of brain regions in mice. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and phospholipid supplementation, J Lipid Res, vol.41, issue.3, pp.465-472, 2000.

S. Chalon, Omega-3 fatty acids and monoamine neurotransmission, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, issue.4-5, pp.259-269, 2006.

. Covington-he-3rd, M. K. Lobo, I. Maze, V. Vialou, J. M. Hyman et al., , 2010.

T. Larrieu,

, Antidepressant effect of optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex, J Neurosci, vol.30, issue.48, pp.16082-16090

J. C. Demar, M. K. Bell, J. M. Igarashi, M. Greenstein, D. Rapoport et al., One generation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation increases depression and aggression test scores in rats, J Lipid Res, vol.47, issue.1, pp.172-180, 2006.

P. Derkinderen, E. Valjent, M. Toutant, J. C. Corvol, H. Enslen et al., Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by cannabinoids in hippocampus, J Neurosci, vol.23, issue.6, pp.2371-2382, 2003.

I. Fedorova, N. Hussein, D. Martino, C. Moriguchi, T. Hoshiba et al., An n-3 fatty acid deficient diet affects mouse spatial learning in the Barnes circular maze, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.77, issue.5-6, pp.269-277, 2007.

J. Folch, M. Lees, S. Stanley, and G. H. , A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J Biol Chem, vol.226, issue.1, pp.497-509, 1957.

J. R. Hibbeln, Fish consumption and major depression, Lancet, vol.351, issue.9110, p.1213, 1998.

M. N. Hill and B. B. Gorzalka, The endocannabinoid system and the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, vol.8, issue.6, pp.451-458, 2009.

M. N. Hill, C. J. Hillard, and B. S. Mcewen, Alterations in corticolimbic dendritic morphology and emotional behavior in cannabinoid CB1 receptor-deficient mice parallel the effects of chronic stress, Cereb Cortex, vol.21, issue.9, pp.2056-2064, 2011.

K. Kitajka, A. J. Sinclair, R. S. Weisinger, H. S. Weisinger, M. Mathai et al., Effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.101, issue.30, pp.10931-10936, 2004.

M. Lafourcade, T. Larrieu, S. Mato, A. Duffaud, M. Sepers et al., Nutritional omega-3 deficiency abolishes endocannabinoidmediated neuronal functions, Nat Neurosci, vol.14, issue.3, pp.345-350, 2011.

B. Levant, M. K. Ozias, and S. E. Carlson, Specific brain regions of female rats are differentially depleted of docosahexaenoic acid by reproductive activity and an (n-3) fatty acid-deficient diet, J Nutr, vol.137, issue.1, pp.130-134, 2007.

B. Lutz, Endocannabinoid signals in the control of emotion, Curr Opin Pharmacol, vol.9, issue.1, pp.46-52, 2009.

R. K. Mcnamara, DHA deficiency and prefrontal cortex neuropathology in recurrent affective disorders, J Nutr, vol.140, issue.4, pp.864-868, 2010.

R. Mingam, A. Moranis, R. M. Bluthe, D. Smedt-peyrusse, V. Kelley et al., Uncoupling of interleukin-6 from its signalling pathway by dietary n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation alters sickness behaviour in mice, Eur J Neurosci, vol.28, issue.9, pp.1877-1886, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02658609

L. M. Monteggia, B. Luikart, M. Barrot, D. Theobold, I. Malkovska et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor conditional knockouts show gender differences in depression-related behaviors, Biol Psychiatry, vol.61, issue.2, pp.187-197, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00092785

A. Moranis, J. C. Delpech, D. Smedt-peyrusse, V. , A. A. Guesnet et al., Long term adequate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet protects from depressive-like behavior but not from working memory disruption and brain cytokine expression in aged mice, Brain Behav Immun, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02647840

T. Moriguchi, R. S. Greiner, and N. Salem, Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid concentration, J Neurochem, vol.75, issue.6, pp.2563-2573, 2000.

W. R. Morrison and L. M. Smith, Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol, J Lipid Res, vol.5, pp.600-608, 1964.

J. S. Rao, R. N. Ertley, H. J. Lee, J. C. Demar, J. T. Arnold et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPKdependent mechanism, Mol Psychiatry, vol.12, issue.1, pp.36-46, 2007.

R. J. Rodgers, P. M. Evans, and A. Murphy, Anxiogenic profile of AM-251, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, in plus-maze-naive and plus-maze-experienced mice, Behav Pharmacol, vol.16, issue.5-6, pp.405-413, 2005.

N. Salem, B. Litman, H. Y. Kim, and K. Gawrisch, Mechanisms of action of docosahexaenoic acid in the nervous system, Lipids, vol.36, issue.9, pp.945-959, 2001.

J. D. Shepherd and M. F. Bear, New views of Arc, a master regulator of synaptic plasticity, Nat Neurosci, vol.14, issue.3, pp.279-284, 2011.

A. P. Simopoulos, Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Poult Sci, vol.79, issue.7, pp.961-970, 2000.

A. J. Sinclair, Incorporation of radioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids into liver and brain of developing rat, Lipids, vol.10, issue.3, pp.175-184, 1975.

M. A. Steiner, K. Wanisch, K. Monory, G. Marsicano, E. Borroni et al., Impaired cannabinoid receptor type 1 signaling interferes with stress-coping behavior in mice, Pharmacogenomics J, vol.8, issue.3, pp.196-208, 2008.

M. Wartmann, D. Campbell, A. Subramanian, S. H. Burstein, and R. J. Davis, The MAP kinase signal transduction pathway is activated by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, FEBS Lett, vol.359, issue.2-3, pp.133-136, 1995.

S. Watanabe, M. Doshi, and T. Hamazaki, n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency elevates and n-3 PUFA enrichment reduces brain 2-arachidonoylglycerol level in mice, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.69, issue.1, pp.51-59, 2003.

E. Dha,

P. B. Adams, S. Lawson, A. Sanigorski, and A. J. Sinclair, Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression, Lipids, vol.31, pp.157-161, 1996.

A. E. Autry and L. M. Monteggia, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders, Pharmacol Rev, vol.64, pp.238-258, 2012.

O. Berton, C. A. Mcclung, R. J. Dileone, V. Krishnan, W. Renthal et al., Essential role of BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in social defeat stress, Science, vol.311, pp.864-868, 2006.

S. M. Brown, S. Henning, and C. L. Wellman, Mild, short-term stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, vol.15, pp.1714-1722, 2005.

F. Calderon and H. Y. Kim, Docosahexaenoic acid promotes neurite growth in hippocampal neurons, J Neurochem, vol.90, pp.979-988, 2004.

D. Cao, K. Kevala, J. Kim, H. S. Moon, S. B. Jun et al., Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function, J Neurochem, vol.111, pp.510-521, 2009.

W. T. Carpenter and W. E. Bunney, Adrenal cortical activity in depressive illness, Am J Psychiatry, vol.128, pp.31-40, 1971.

C. I. Clement, M. De-javel, D. Frances, H. Bourre, and J. M. , Phospholipid supplementation reverses behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in mice, J Lipid Res, vol.41, pp.473-480, 2000.

B. J. Carroll, G. C. Curtis, and J. Mendels, Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma free cortisol concentrations in depression, Psychol Med, vol.6, pp.235-244, 1976.

S. Chiba, T. Numakawa, M. Ninomiya, M. C. Richards, C. Wakabayashi et al., Chronic restraint stress causes anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, downregulates glucocorticoid receptor expression, and attenuates glutamate release induced by brainderived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, vol.39, pp.112-119, 2012.

D. J. Christoffel, S. A. Golden, D. Dumitriu, A. J. Robison, W. G. Janssen et al., IkappaB kinase regulates social defeat stress-induced synaptic and behavioral plasticity, J Neurosci, vol.31, pp.314-321, 2011.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.103

S. C. Cook and C. L. Wellman, Chronic stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex, J Neurobiol, vol.60, pp.236-248, 2004.

D. Cotter, L. Hudson, and S. Landau, Evidence for orbitofrontal pathology in bipolar disorder and major depression, but not in schizophrenia, Bipolar Disord, vol.7, pp.358-369, 2005.

J. C. Demar, K. Ma, J. M. Bell, M. Igarashi, D. Greenstein et al., One generation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation increases depression and aggression test scores in rats, J Lipid Res, vol.47, pp.172-180, 2006.

E. Dias-ferreira, J. C. Sousa, I. Melo, P. Morgado, A. R. Mesquita et al., Chronic stress causes frontostriatal reorganization and affects decisionmaking, Science, vol.325, pp.621-625, 2009.

L. Eiland, J. Ramroop, M. N. Hill, J. Manley, and B. S. Mcewen, Chronic juvenile stress produces corticolimbic dendritic architectural remodeling and modulates emotional behavior in male and female rats, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011.

S. Favreliere, L. Barrier, G. Durand, S. Chalon, and C. Tallineau, Chronic dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids deficiency affects the fatty acid composition of plasmenylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine differently in rat frontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum, Lipids, vol.33, pp.401-407, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02694727

A. C. Ferraz, A. M. Delattre, R. G. Almendra, M. Sonagli, C. Borges et al., Chronic omega-3 fatty acids supplementation promotes beneficial effects on anxiety, cognitive and depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to a restraint stress protocol, Behav Brain Res, vol.219, pp.116-122, 2011.

H. Frances, C. Monier, and J. M. Bourre, Effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency on neuromuscular and cognitive functions in mice, Life Sci, vol.57, pp.1935-1947, 1995.

S. K. Godavarthi, P. Dey, M. Maheshwari, and N. R. Jana, Defective glucocorticoid hormone receptor signaling leads to increased stress and anxiety in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome, Hum Mol Genet, vol.21, pp.1824-1834, 2012.

E. Gould, H. A. Cameron, D. C. Daniels, C. S. Woolley, and B. S. Mcewen, Adrenal hormones suppress cell division in the adult rat dentate gyrus, J Neurosci, vol.12, pp.3642-3650, 1992.

P. Green, H. Hermesh, A. Monselise, S. Marom, G. Presburger et al., Red cell membrane omega-3 fatty acids are decreased in nondepressed patients with social anxiety disorder, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.16, pp.107-113, 2006.

I. Hageman, M. Nielsen, G. Wortwein, N. H. Diemer, and M. B. Jorgensen, Electroconvulsive stimulations normalizes stress-induced changes in the glucocorticoid receptor and behaviour, Behav Brain Res, vol.196, pp.71-77, 2009.

C. He, X. Qu, L. Cui, J. Wang, and J. X. Kang, Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.106, pp.11370-11375, 2009.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.104

J. R. Hibbeln, Fish consumption and major depression, Lancet, vol.351, p.1213, 1998.

J. R. Hibbeln, Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national, ecological analysis, J Affect Disord, vol.69, pp.15-29, 2002.

M. N. Hill, C. J. Hillard, and B. S. Mcewen, Alterations in Corticolimbic Dendritic Morphology and Emotional Behavior in Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor-Deficient Mice Parallel the Effects of Chronic Stress, Cereb Cortex, 2011.

R. M. Hirschfeld, The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Recognition and Management in Primary Care, Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, vol.3, pp.244-254, 2001.

F. Holsboer, The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.23, pp.477-501, 2000.

F. Holsboer and N. Barden, Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation, Endocr Rev, vol.17, pp.187-205, 1996.

A. Izquierdo, C. L. Wellman, and A. Holmes, Brief uncontrollable stress causes dendritic retraction in infralimbic cortex and resistance to fear extinction in mice, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.5733-5738, 2006.

V. Krishnan, M. H. Han, D. L. Graham, O. Berton, W. Renthal et al., Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions, Cell, vol.131, pp.391-404, 2007.

V. F. Labrousse, A. Nadjar, C. Joffre, L. Costes, A. A. Gregoire et al., Short-term long chain omega3 diet protects from neuroinflammatory processes and memory impairment in aged mice, PLoS One, vol.7, p.36861, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191175

M. Lafourcade, T. Larrieu, S. Mato, A. Duffaud, M. Sepers et al., Nutritional omega-3 deficiency abolishes endocannabinoid-mediated neuronal functions, Nat Neurosci, vol.14, pp.345-350, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00612705

T. Larrieu, C. Madore, C. Joffre, and S. Laye, Nutritional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids deficiency alters cannabinoid receptor signaling pathway in the brain and associated anxiety-like behavior in mice, J Physiol Biochem, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02649145

B. Levant, M. K. Ozias, P. F. Davis, M. Winter, K. L. Russell et al., Decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid content produces neurobiological effects associated with depression: Interactions with reproductive status in female rats, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.33, pp.1279-1292, 2008.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur Page 105

C. Liston, M. M. Miller, D. S. Goldwater, J. J. Radley, A. B. Rocher et al., Stress-induced alterations in prefrontal cortical dendritic morphology predict selective impairments in perceptual attentional set-shifting, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.7870-7874, 2006.

R. J. Liu and G. K. Aghajanian, Stress blunts serotonin-and hypocretin-evoked EPSCs in prefrontal cortex: role of corticosterone-mediated apical dendritic atrophy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.105, pp.359-364, 2008.

M. Maes, R. Smith, C. A. Cosyns, P. Desnyder, R. Meltzer et al., Fatty acid composition in major depression: decreased omega 3 fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20: 4 omega 6/C20:5 omega 3 ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids, J Affect Disord, vol.38, pp.35-46, 1996.

J. R. Marszalek and H. F. Lodish, Docosahexaenoic acid, fatty acid-interacting proteins, and neuronal function: breastmilk and fish are good for you, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, vol.21, pp.633-657, 2005.

R. K. Mcnamara and S. E. Carlson, Role of omega-3 fatty acids in brain development and function: potential implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of psychopathology, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.329-349, 2006.

R. K. Mcnamara and Y. Liu, Reduced expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in the prefrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.129, pp.359-363, 2011.

R. K. Mcnamara, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, P. Tso, Y. Dwivedi et al., Selective deficits in erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid composition in adult patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.126, pp.303-311, 2010.

R. K. Mcnamara, C. G. Hahn, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, P. Tso et al., Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder, Biol Psychiatry, vol.62, pp.17-24, 2007.

M. J. Meaney and D. H. Aitken, Brain Res, vol.328, pp.176-180, 1985.

R. Mingam, A. Moranis, R. M. Bluthe, D. Smedt-peyrusse, V. Kelley et al., Uncoupling of interleukin-6 from its signalling pathway by dietary n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation alters sickness behaviour in mice, Eur J Neurosci, vol.28, pp.1877-1886, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02658609

C. B. Nemeroff, E. Widerlov, G. Bissette, H. Walleus, I. Karlsson et al., Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients, Science, vol.226, pp.1342-1344, 1984.

E. J. Nestler, M. Barrot, R. J. Dileone, A. J. Eisch, S. J. Gold et al., Neurobiology of depression. Neuron, vol.34, pp.13-25, 2002.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.106

S. J. Otto, R. H. De-groot, and G. Hornstra, Increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms is associated with slower normalization after pregnancy of the functional docosahexaenoic acid status, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.69, pp.237-243, 2003.

M. Peet, B. Murphy, J. Shay, and D. Horrobin, Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients, Biol Psychiatry, vol.43, pp.315-319, 1998.

J. J. Radley, H. M. Sisti, J. Hao, A. B. Rocher, T. Mccall et al., Chronic behavioral stress induces apical dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, vol.125, pp.1-6, 2004.

J. J. Radley, A. B. Rocher, M. Miller, W. G. Janssen, C. Liston et al., Repeated stress induces dendritic spine loss in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, vol.16, pp.313-320, 2006.

G. Rajkowska, A. Halaris, and L. D. Selemon, Reductions in neuronal and glial density characterize the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder, Biol Psychiatry, vol.49, pp.741-752, 2001.

G. Rajkowska, J. J. Miguel-hidalgo, P. Dubey, C. A. Stockmeier, and K. R. Krishnan, Prominent reduction in pyramidal neurons density in the orbitofrontal cortex of elderly depressed patients, Biol Psychiatry, vol.58, pp.297-306, 2005.

G. Rajkowska, J. J. Miguel-hidalgo, J. Wei, G. Dilley, S. D. Pittman et al., Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression, Biol Psychiatry, vol.45, pp.1085-1098, 1999.

J. S. Rao, R. N. Ertley, H. J. Lee, J. C. Demar, J. Arnold et al., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism, Mol Psychiatry, vol.12, pp.36-46, 2007.

E. M. Richard, J. C. Helbling, C. Tridon, A. Desmedt, A. M. Minni et al., Plasma transcortin influences endocrine and behavioral stress responses in mice, Endocrinology, vol.151, pp.649-659, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02663657

S. Ridder, S. Chourbaji, R. Hellweg, A. Urani, C. Zacher et al., Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions, J Neurosci, vol.25, pp.6243-6250, 2005.

T. Sakamoto, M. Cansev, and R. J. Wurtman, Oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and uridine-5'-monophosphate increases dendritic spine density in adult gerbil hippocampus, Brain Res, vol.1182, pp.50-59, 2007.

R. M. Sapolsky, Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.57, pp.925-935, 2000.

P. S. Sastry, Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism, Prog Lipid Res, vol.24, pp.69-176, 1985.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.107

H. Sprecher, Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.1486, pp.219-231, 2000.

T. Takeuchi, M. Iwanaga, and E. Harada, Possible regulatory mechanism of DHA-induced anti-stress reaction in rats, Brain Res, vol.964, pp.136-143, 2003.

P. Tanapat, N. B. Hastings, T. A. Rydel, L. A. Galea, and E. Gould, Exposure to fox odor inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats via an adrenal hormone-dependent mechanism, J Comp Neurol, vol.437, pp.496-504, 2001.

H. Tiemeier, H. R. Van-tuijl, A. Hofman, A. J. Kiliaan, and M. M. Breteler, Plasma fatty acid composition and depression are associated in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.78, pp.40-46, 2003.

E. Van-otterloo, O. Dwyer, G. Stockmeier, C. A. Steffens, D. C. Krishnan et al., Reductions in neuronal density in elderly depressed are region specific, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, vol.24, pp.856-864, 2009.

C. L. Wellman, Dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex after chronic corticosterone administration, J Neurobiol, vol.49, pp.245-253, 2001.

R. L. Wright, E. N. Lightner, J. S. Harman, O. C. Meijer, and C. D. Conrad, Attenuating corticosterone levels on the day of memory assessment prevents chronic stressinduced impairments in spatial memory, Eur J Neurosci, vol.24, pp.595-605, 2006.

A. Yoshii and M. Constantine-paton, Postsynaptic BDNF-TrkB signaling in synapse maturation, plasticity, and disease, Dev Neurobiol, vol.70, pp.304-322, 2010.

P. B. Adams, S. Lawson, A. Sanigorski, and A. J. Sinclair, Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression, Lipids, vol.31, pp.157-161, 1996.

J. M. Alessandri, P. Guesnet, S. Vancassel, P. Astorg, I. Denis et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the central nervous system: evolution of concepts and nutritional implications throughout life, Reprod Nutr Dev, vol.44, pp.509-538, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900510

A. Ameri, The effects of cannabinoids on the brain, Prog Neurobiol, vol.58, pp.315-348, 1999.

K. M. Appleton, J. V. Woodside, J. W. Yarnell, D. Arveiler, B. Haas et al., Depressed mood and dietary fish intake: direct relationship or indirect relationship as a result of diet and lifestyle?, J Affect Disord, vol.104, pp.217-223, 2007.

A. Arevalo-martin, J. M. Vela, E. Molina-holgado, J. Borrell, and C. Guaza, Therapeutic action of cannabinoids in a murine model of multiple sclerosis, J Neurosci, vol.23, pp.2511-2516, 2003.

A. Artmann, G. Petersen, L. I. Hellgren, J. Boberg, C. Skonberg et al., Influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid and Nacylethanolamine levels in rat brain, liver and small intestine, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.1781, pp.200-212, 2008.

O. Asimaki and D. Mangoura, Cannabinoid receptor 1 induces a biphasic ERK activation via multiprotein signaling complex formation of proximal kinases PKCepsilon, Src, and Fyn in primary neurons, Neurochem Int, vol.58, pp.135-144, 2011.

E. Aso, A. Ozaita, E. M. Valdizan, C. Ledent, A. Pazos et al., BDNF impairment in the hippocampus is related to enhanced despair behavior in CB1 knockout mice, J Neurochem, vol.105, pp.565-572, 2008.

P. Astorg, N. Arnault, S. Czernichow, N. Noisette, P. Galan et al., Dietary intakes and food sources of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in French adult men and women, Lipids, vol.39, pp.527-535, 2004.

H. C. Atkinson, J. D. Leggett, S. A. Wood, E. S. Castrique, Y. M. Kershaw et al., Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis circadian rhythm by endocannabinoids is sexually diergic, Endocrinology, vol.151, pp.3720-3727, 2010.

B. K. Atwood and K. Mackie, CB2: a cannabinoid receptor with an identity crisis, Br J Pharmacol, vol.160, pp.467-479, 2010.

S. Avishai-eliner, C. G. Hatalski, E. Tabachnik, M. Eghbal-ahmadi, and T. Z. Baram, Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA (GR-mRNA) by maternal deprivation in immature rat hypothalamus and limbic regions, Brain Res Dev Brain Res, vol.114, pp.265-268, 1999.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.123

S. C. Azad, K. Monory, G. Marsicano, B. F. Cravatt, B. Lutz et al., Circuitry for associative plasticity in the amygdala involves endocannabinoid signaling, J Neurosci, vol.24, pp.9953-9961, 2004.

B. ,

D. Bagga, L. Wang, R. Farias-eisner, J. A. Glaspy, and S. T. Reddy, Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.100, pp.1751-1756, 2003.

F. R. Bambico, N. Katz, G. Debonnel, and G. Gobbi, Cannabinoids elicit antidepressant-like behavior and activate serotonergic neurons through the medial prefrontal cortex, J Neurosci, vol.27, pp.11700-11711, 2007.

F. R. Bambico, A. Duranti, A. Tontini, G. Tarzia, and G. Gobbi, Endocannabinoids in the treatment of mood disorders: evidence from animal models, Curr Pharm Des, vol.15, pp.1623-1646, 2009.

P. Barberger-gateau, M. A. Jutand, L. Letenneur, S. Larrieu, B. Tavernier et al., Correlates of regular fish consumption in French elderly community dwellers: data from the Three-City study, Eur J Clin Nutr, vol.59, pp.817-825, 2005.

R. P. Bazinet, J. S. Rao, L. Chang, S. I. Rapoport, and H. J. Lee, Chronic valproate does not alter the kinetics of docosahexaenoic acid within brain phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat, Psychopharmacology (Berl), vol.182, pp.180-185, 2005.

R. P. Bazinet, J. S. Rao, L. Chang, S. I. Rapoport, and H. J. Lee, Chronic carbamazepine decreases the incorporation rate and turnover of arachidonic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid in brain phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat: relevance to bipolar disorder, Biol Psychiatry, vol.59, pp.401-407, 2006.

A. Berger, G. Crozier, T. Bisogno, P. Cavaliere, S. Innis et al., Anandamide and diet: inclusion of dietary arachidonate and docosahexaenoate leads to increased brain levels of the corresponding N-acylethanolamines in piglets, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.98, pp.6402-6406, 2001.

O. Berton, C. A. Mcclung, R. J. Dileone, V. Krishnan, W. Renthal et al., Essential role of BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in social defeat stress, Science, vol.311, pp.864-868, 2006.

C. E. Beyer, J. M. Dwyer, M. J. Piesla, B. J. Platt, R. Shen et al., Depression-like phenotype following chronic CB1 receptor antagonism, Neurobiol Dis, vol.39, pp.148-155, 2010.

A. Blugeot, C. Rivat, E. Bouvier, J. Molet, A. Mouchard et al., Vulnerability to depression: from brain neuroplasticity to identification of biomarkers, J Neurosci, vol.31, pp.12889-12899, 2011.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.124

M. Bortolato, R. A. Mangieri, J. Fu, J. H. Kim, O. Arguello et al., Antidepressant-like activity of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 in a rat model of chronic mild stress, Biol Psychiatry, vol.62, pp.1103-1110, 2007.

M. Bouaboula, B. Bourrie, M. Rinaldi-carmona, D. Shire, L. Fur et al., Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor CB1 induces krox-24 expression in human astrocytoma cells, J Biol Chem, vol.270, pp.13973-13980, 1995.

M. Bouaboula, C. Poinot-chazel, B. Bourrie, X. Canat, B. Calandra et al., Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by stimulation of the central cannabinoid receptor CB1, Biochem J, vol.312, pp.637-641, 1995.

J. M. Bourre, G. Pascal, G. Durand, M. Masson, O. Dumont et al., Alterations in the fatty acid composition of rat brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes) and of subcellular fractions (myelin and synaptosomes) induced by a diet devoid of n-3 fatty acids, J Neurochem, vol.43, pp.342-348, 1984.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02717694

M. Bouvier, W. P. Hausdorff, D. Blasi, A. , O. 'dowd et al., Removal of phosphorylation sites from the beta 2-adrenergic receptor delays onset of agonist-promoted desensitization, Nature, vol.333, pp.370-373, 1988.

W. C. Breckenridge, G. Gombos, and I. G. Morgan, The lipid composition of adult rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.266, pp.695-707, 1972.

C. S. Breivogel, S. R. Childers, S. A. Deadwyler, R. E. Hampson, L. J. Vogt et al., Chronic delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment produces a time-dependent loss of cannabinoid receptors and cannabinoid receptor-activated G proteins in rat brain, J Neurochem, vol.73, pp.2447-2459, 1999.

A. J. Brown, Novel cannabinoid receptors, Br J Pharmacol, vol.152, pp.567-575, 2007.

S. M. Brown, S. Henning, and C. L. Wellman, Mild, short-term stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, vol.15, pp.1714-1722, 2005.

G. Burr and M. Burr, A new deficiency disease produced by the rigid exclusion of fat from the diet, the journal of biological chemistry, vol.82, pp.345-67, 1929.

G. Burr and M. Burr, On the nature and role of the fatty acids essential in nutrition, the journal of biological chemistry, vol.86, pp.587-621, 1930.

C. ,

F. Calabrese, R. Molteni, G. Racagni, and M. A. Riva, Neuronal plasticity: a link between stress and mood disorders, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.34, pp.208-216, 2009.

F. Calderon and H. Y. Kim, Docosahexaenoic acid promotes neurite growth in hippocampal neurons, J Neurochem, vol.90, pp.979-988, 2004.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.125

D. Cao, K. Kevala, J. Kim, H. S. Moon, S. B. Jun et al., Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function, J Neurochem, vol.111, pp.510-521, 2009.

W. A. Carlezon, J. Mague, S. D. Parow, A. M. Stoll, A. L. Cohen et al., Antidepressant-like effects of uridine and omega-3 fatty acids are potentiated by combined treatment in rats, Biol Psychiatry, vol.57, pp.343-350, 2005.

W. T. Carpenter and W. E. Bunney, Adrenal cortical activity in depressive illness, Am J Psychiatry, vol.128, pp.31-40, 1971.

C. I. Clement, M. De-javel, D. Frances, H. Bourre, and J. M. , Specific phospholipid fatty acid composition of brain regions in mice. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and phospholipid supplementation, J Lipid Res, vol.41, pp.465-472, 2000.

C. I. Clement, M. De-javel, D. Frances, H. Bourre, and J. M. , Phospholipid supplementation reverses behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in mice, J Lipid Res, vol.41, pp.473-480, 2000.

E. J. Carrier, C. S. Kearn, A. J. Barkmeier, N. M. Breese, W. Yang et al., Cultured rat microglial cells synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol, which increases proliferation via a CB2 receptor-dependent mechanism, Mol Pharmacol, vol.65, pp.999-1007, 2004.

B. J. Carroll, G. C. Curtis, and J. Mendels, Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma free cortisol concentrations in depression, Psychol Med, vol.6, pp.235-244, 1976.

J. Catalan, T. Moriguchi, B. Slotnick, M. Murthy, R. S. Greiner et al., Cognitive deficits in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient rats, Behav Neurosci, vol.116, pp.1022-1031, 2002.

E. Celerier, T. Ahdepil, H. Wikander, F. Berrendero, F. Nyberg et al., Influence of the anabolic-androgenic steroid nandrolone on cannabinoid dependence, Neuropharmacology, vol.50, pp.788-806, 2006.

S. Chalon, Omega-3 fatty acids and monoamine neurotransmission, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.259-269, 2006.

S. Chalon, S. Vancassel, L. Zimmer, D. Guilloteau, and G. Durand, Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebral function: focus on monoaminergic neurotransmission, Lipids, vol.36, pp.937-944, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02683336

J. Chemin, A. Monteil, E. Perez-reyes, J. Nargeot, and P. Lory, Direct inhibition of T-type calcium channels by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, EMBO J, vol.20, pp.7033-7040, 2001.

C. T. Chen, J. T. Green, S. K. Orr, and R. P. Bazinet, Regulation of brain polyunsaturated fatty acid uptake and turnover, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.79, pp.85-91, 2008.

H. Chen and B. L. Firestein, RhoA regulates dendrite branching in hippocampal neurons by decreasing cypin protein levels, J Neurosci, vol.27, pp.8378-8386, 2007.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.126

P. Chen, Y. Fan, Y. Li, Z. Sun, G. Bissette et al., Chronic social defeat up-regulates expression of norepinephrine transporter in rat brains, Neurochem Int, vol.60, pp.9-20, 2012.

V. Chevaleyre and P. E. Castillo, Heterosynaptic LTD of hippocampal GABAergic synapses: a novel role of endocannabinoids in regulating excitability, Neuron, vol.38, pp.461-472, 2003.

V. Chevaleyre, B. D. Heifets, P. S. Kaeser, T. C. Sudhof, and P. E. Castillo, Endocannabinoidmediated long-term plasticity requires cAMP/PKA signaling and RIM1alpha, Neuron, vol.54, pp.801-812, 2007.

S. Chiba, T. Numakawa, M. Ninomiya, M. C. Richards, C. Wakabayashi et al., Chronic restraint stress causes anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, downregulates glucocorticoid receptor expression, and attenuates glutamate release induced by brainderived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, vol.39, pp.112-119, 2012.

C. E. Childs, T. Romijn, U. Enke, S. Hoile, and P. C. Calder, Maternal diet during pregnancy has tissue-specific effects upon fetal fatty acid composition and alters fetal immune parameters, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.83, pp.179-184, 2010.

R. Christensen, P. K. Kristensen, E. M. Bartels, H. Bliddal, and A. Astrup, Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials, Lancet, vol.370, pp.1706-1713, 2007.

R. Christensen, P. K. Kristensen, E. M. Bartels, H. Bliddal, and A. V. Astrup, A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of the anti-obesity agent Rimonabant, 2007.

, Ugeskr Laeger, vol.169, pp.4360-4363

D. J. Christoffel, S. A. Golden, D. Dumitriu, A. J. Robison, W. G. Janssen et al., IkappaB kinase regulates social defeat stress-induced synaptic and behavioral plasticity, J Neurosci, vol.31, pp.314-321, 2011.

G. P. Chrousos, Stress and disorders of the stress system, Nat Rev Endocrinol, vol.5, pp.374-381, 2009.

W. L. Chung, J. J. Chen, and H. M. Su, Fish oil supplementation of control and (n-3) fatty aciddeficient male rats enhances reference and working memory performance and increases brain regional docosahexaenoic acid levels, J Nutr, vol.138, pp.1165-1171, 2008.

M. T. Clandinin, J. E. Chappell, S. Leong, T. Heim, P. R. Swyer et al., Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain: implications for fatty acid requirements, Early Hum Dev, vol.4, pp.121-129, 1980.

S. M. Conklin, P. J. Gianaros, S. M. Brown, J. K. Yao, A. R. Hariri et al., Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake is associated positively with corticolimbic gray matter volume in healthy adults, Neurosci Lett, vol.421, pp.209-212, 2007.

K. M. Connor, J. P. Sangiovanni, C. Lofqvist, C. M. Aderman, J. Chen et al.,

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.127

S. Cn and . Le, Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis, Nat Med, vol.13, pp.868-873, 2007.

S. C. Cook and C. L. Wellman, Chronic stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex, J Neurobiol, vol.60, pp.236-248, 2004.

D. Cota, M. A. Steiner, G. Marsicano, C. Cervino, J. P. Herman et al., Requirement of cannabinoid receptor type 1 for the basal modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, Endocrinology, vol.148, pp.1574-1581, 2007.

D. Cota, G. Marsicano, M. Tschop, Y. Grubler, C. Flachskamm et al., The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis, J Clin Invest, vol.112, pp.423-431, 2003.

D. Cotter, L. Hudson, and S. Landau, Evidence for orbitofrontal pathology in bipolar disorder and major depression, but not in schizophrenia, Bipolar Disord, vol.7, pp.358-369, 2005.

A. I. Cowan, C. Stricker, L. J. Reece, and S. J. Redman, Long-term plasticity at excitatory synapses on aspinous interneurons in area CA1 lacks synaptic specificity, J Neurophysiol, vol.79, pp.13-20, 1998.

B. F. Cravatt and A. H. Lichtman, The endogenous cannabinoid system and its role in nociceptive behavior, J Neurobiol, vol.61, pp.149-160, 2004.

W. E. Cullinan, D. R. Ziegler, and J. P. Herman, Functional role of local GABAergic influences on the HPA axis, Brain Struct Funct, vol.213, pp.63-72, 2008.

S. C. Cunnane and M. J. Anderson, The majority of dietary linoleate in growing rats is betaoxidized or stored in visceral fat, J Nutr, vol.127, pp.146-152, 1997.

S. C. Cunnane and V. Francescutti, Fatty acid profiles of maternal adipose tissue in relation to infant development, Br J Nutr, vol.82, pp.253-254, 1999.

M. F. Dallman and F. E. Yates, Dynamic asymmetries in the corticosteroid feedback path and distribution-metabolism-binding elements of the adrenocortical system, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.156, pp.696-721, 1969.

N. A. Datson, M. C. Morsink, O. C. Meijer, and E. R. De-kloet, Central corticosteroid actions: Search for gene targets, Eur J Pharmacol, vol.583, pp.272-289, 2008.

E. R. De-kloet and R. A. Sarabdjitsingh, Everything has rhythm: focus on glucocorticoid pulsatility, Endocrinology, vol.149, pp.3241-3243, 2008.

E. R. De-kloet, M. Joels, and F. Holsboer, Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.6, pp.463-475, 2005.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.128

D. Kloet, E. R. Vreugdenhil, E. Oitzl, M. S. Joels, and M. , Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease, Endocr Rev, vol.19, pp.269-301, 1998.

M. De-lorgeril, S. Renaud, N. Mamelle, P. Salen, J. L. Martin et al., Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, Lancet, vol.343, pp.1454-1459, 1994.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00395487

D. Smedt-peyrusse, V. Sargueil, F. Moranis, A. Harizi, H. Mongrand et al., Docosahexaenoic acid prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production in microglial cells by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide receptor presentation but not its membrane subdomain localization, J Neurochem, vol.105, pp.296-307, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02669045

S. Delion, S. Chalon, D. Guilloteau, J. C. Besnard, and G. Durand, alpha-Linolenic acid dietary deficiency alters age-related changes of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the rat frontal cortex, J Neurochem, vol.66, pp.1582-1591, 1996.

S. Delion, S. Chalon, J. Herault, D. Guilloteau, J. C. Besnard et al., Chronic dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency alters dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in rats, J Nutr, vol.124, pp.2466-2476, 1994.

J. C. Demar, K. Ma, J. M. Bell, M. Igarashi, D. Greenstein et al., One generation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation increases depression and aggression test scores in rats, J Lipid Res, vol.47, pp.172-180, 2006.

P. Derkinderen, E. Valjent, M. Toutant, J. C. Corvol, H. Enslen et al., Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by cannabinoids in hippocampus, J Neurosci, vol.23, pp.2371-2382, 2003.

D. G. Deutsch, N. Ueda, and S. Yamamoto, The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.66, pp.201-210, 2002.

W. A. Devane, L. Hanus, A. Breuer, R. G. Pertwee, L. A. Stevenson et al., Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor, Science, vol.258, pp.1946-1949, 1992.

W. L. Dewey, Cannabinoid pharmacology, Pharmacol Rev, vol.38, pp.151-178, 1986.

D. Marzo and V. , Endocannabinoids: synthesis and degradation, Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, vol.160, pp.1-24, 2008.

D. Marzo, V. Bisogno, T. , D. Petrocellis, and L. , Endocannabinoids and related compounds: walking back and forth between plant natural products and animal physiology, Chem Biol, vol.14, pp.741-756, 2007.

D. Marzo, V. Goparaju, S. K. Wang, L. Liu, J. Batkai et al., Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake, Nature, vol.410, pp.822-825, 2001.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.129

S. Di, R. Malcher-lopes, K. C. Halmos, and J. G. Tasker, Nongenomic glucocorticoid inhibition via endocannabinoid release in the hypothalamus: a fast feedback mechanism, J Neurosci, vol.23, pp.4850-4857, 2003.

S. Di, R. Malcher-lopes, V. L. Marcheselli, N. G. Bazan, and J. G. Tasker, Rapid glucocorticoidmediated endocannabinoid release and opposing regulation of glutamate and gammaaminobutyric acid inputs to hypothalamic magnocellular neurons, Endocrinology, vol.146, pp.4292-4301, 2005.

E. Dias-ferreira, J. C. Sousa, I. Melo, P. Morgado, A. R. Mesquita et al., Chronic stress causes frontostriatal reorganization and affects decisionmaking, Science, vol.325, pp.621-625, 2009.

G. Y. Diau, A. T. Hsieh, E. A. Sarkadi-nagy, V. Wijendran, P. W. Nathanielsz et al., The influence of long chain polyunsaturate supplementation on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in baboon neonate central nervous system, BMC Med, vol.3, p.11, 2005.

J. A. Dill and A. C. Howlett, Regulation of adenylate cyclase by chronic exposure to cannabimimetic drugs, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.244, pp.1157-1163, 1988.

T. P. Dinh, D. Carpenter, F. M. Leslie, T. F. Freund, I. Katona et al., Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.99, pp.10819-10824, 2002.

D. Diorio, V. Viau, and M. J. Meaney, The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulate gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress, J Neurosci, vol.13, pp.3839-3847, 1993.

R. S. Duman and L. M. Monteggia, A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders, Biol Psychiatry, vol.59, pp.1116-1127, 2006.

E. ,

R. Edwards, M. Peet, J. Shay, and D. Horrobin, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients, J Affect Disord, vol.48, pp.149-155, 1998.

L. Eiland, J. Ramroop, M. N. Hill, J. Manley, and B. S. Mcewen, Chronic juvenile stress produces corticolimbic dendritic architectural remodeling and modulates emotional behavior in male and female rats, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011.

N. K. Evanson, J. G. Tasker, M. N. Hill, C. J. Hillard, and J. P. Herman, Fast feedback inhibition of the HPA axis by glucocorticoids is mediated by endocannabinoid signaling, Endocrinology, vol.151, pp.4811-4819, 2010.

S. Favreliere, L. Barrier, G. Durand, S. Chalon, and C. Tallineau, Chronic dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids deficiency affects the fatty acid composition of Doctorat en Neurosciences de l'Université, 1998.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur Page, p.130

, plasmenylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine differently in rat frontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum, vol.33, pp.401-407

I. Fedorova, N. Salem, and J. , Omega-3 fatty acids and rodent behavior, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.271-289, 2006.

C. C. Felder, J. S. Veluz, H. L. Williams, E. M. Briley, and L. A. Matsuda, Cannabinoid agonists stimulate both receptor-and non-receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways in cells transfected with and expressing cannabinoid receptor clones, Mol Pharmacol, vol.42, pp.838-845, 1992.

A. C. Ferraz, A. M. Delattre, R. G. Almendra, M. Sonagli, C. Borges et al., Chronic omega-3 fatty acids supplementation promotes beneficial effects on anxiety, cognitive and depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to a restraint stress protocol, Behav Brain Res, vol.219, pp.116-122, 2011.

H. Frances, C. Monier, and J. M. Bourre, Effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency on neuromuscular and cognitive functions in mice, Life Sci, vol.57, pp.1935-1947, 1995.

N. Frasure-smith, F. Lesperance, and P. Julien, Major depression is associated with lower omega-3 fatty acid levels in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes, Biol Psychiatry, vol.55, pp.891-896, 2004.

M. P. Freeman, M. Davis, P. Sinha, K. L. Wisner, J. R. Hibbeln et al., Omega-3 fatty acids and supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: a randomized placebocontrolled study, J Affect Disord, vol.110, pp.142-148, 2008.

T. F. Freund, I. Katona, and D. Piomelli, Role of endogenous cannabinoids in synaptic signaling, Physiol Rev, vol.83, pp.1017-1066, 2003.

E. Fride, R. Suris, J. Weidenfeld, and R. Mechoulam, Differential response to acute and repeated stress in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout newborn and adult mice, Behav Pharmacol, vol.16, pp.431-440, 2005.

C. D. Funk, Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology, Science, vol.294, pp.1871-1875, 2001.

H. Furuya, T. Watanabe, Y. Sugioka, Y. Inagaki, and I. Okazaki, Effect of ethanol and docosahexaenoic acid on nerve growth factor-induced neurite formation and neuron specific growth-associated protein gene expression in PC12 cells, Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi, vol.37, pp.513-522, 2002.

G. ,

C. Galli, H. B. White, J. Paoletti, and R. , Brain lipid modifications induced by essential fatty acid deficiency in growing male and female rats, J Neurochem, vol.17, pp.347-355, 1970.

B. Galobardes, A. Morabia, and M. S. Bernstein, Diet and socioeconomic position: does the use of different indicators matter?, Int J Epidemiol, vol.30, pp.334-340, 2001.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.131

N. J. Gamo and A. F. Arnsten, Molecular modulation of prefrontal cortex: rational development of treatments for psychiatric disorders, Behav Neurosci, vol.125, pp.282-296, 2011.

G. L. Gerdeman, J. Ronesi, and D. M. Lovinger, Postsynaptic endocannabinoid release is critical to long-term depression in the striatum, Nat Neurosci, vol.5, pp.446-451, 2002.

M. Glass, M. Dragunow, and R. L. Faull, Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain, Neuroscience, vol.77, pp.299-318, 1997.

S. K. Godavarthi, P. Dey, M. Maheshwari, and N. R. Jana, Defective glucocorticoid hormone receptor signaling leads to increased stress and anxiety in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome, Hum Mol Genet, vol.21, pp.1824-1834, 2012.

S. Gonzalez, J. Fernandez-ruiz, D. Marzo, V. Hernandez, M. Arevalo et al., Behavioral and molecular changes elicited by acute administration of SR141716 to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-tolerant rats: an experimental model of cannabinoid abstinence, Drug Alcohol Depend, vol.74, pp.159-170, 2004.

A. Grandgirard, J. M. Bourre, F. Julliard, P. Homayoun, O. Dumont et al., Incorporation of trans long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat brain structures and retina, Lipids, vol.29, pp.251-258, 1994.

P. Green and E. Yavin, Fatty acid composition of late embryonic and early postnatal rat brain, Lipids, vol.31, pp.859-865, 1996.

P. Green and E. Yavin, Mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid accretion in the fetal brain, J Neurosci Res, vol.52, pp.129-136, 1998.

P. Green, S. Glozman, B. Kamensky, and E. Yavin, Developmental changes in rat brain membrane lipids and fatty acids. The preferential prenatal accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid, J Lipid Res, vol.40, pp.960-966, 1999.

P. Green, H. Hermesh, A. Monselise, S. Marom, G. Presburger et al., Red cell membrane omega-3 fatty acids are decreased in nondepressed patients with social anxiety disorder, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.16, pp.107-113, 2006.

R. S. Greiner, J. N. Catalan, T. Moriguchi, N. Salem, and J. , Docosapentaenoic acid does not completely replace DHA in n-3 FA-deficient rats during early development, Lipids, vol.38, pp.431-435, 2003.

R. S. Greiner, T. Moriguchi, B. M. Slotnick, A. Hutton, and N. Salem, Olfactory discrimination deficits in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rats, Physiol Behav, vol.72, pp.379-385, 2001.

G. Griffin, P. J. Atkinson, V. M. Showalter, B. R. Martin, and M. E. Abood, Evaluation of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists using the guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate binding assay in rat cerebellar membranes, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.285, pp.553-560, 1998.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.132

P. Guesnet, C. Alasnier, J. M. Alessandri, and G. Durand, Modifying the n-3 fatty acid content of the maternal diet to determine the requirements of the fetal and suckling rat, Lipids, vol.32, pp.527-534, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02694007

M. Guzman, Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents, Nat Rev Cancer, vol.3, pp.745-755, 2003.

I. Hageman, M. Nielsen, G. Wortwein, N. H. Diemer, and M. B. Jorgensen, Electroconvulsive stimulations normalizes stress-induced changes in the glucocorticoid receptor and behaviour, Behav Brain Res, vol.196, pp.71-77, 2009.

J. Haller, B. Varga, C. Ledent, and T. F. Freund, CB1 cannabinoid receptors mediate anxiolytic effects: convergent genetic and pharmacological evidence with CB1-specific agents, Behav Pharmacol, vol.15, pp.299-304, 2004.

J. Haller, N. Bakos, M. Szirmay, C. Ledent, and T. F. Freund, The effects of genetic and pharmacological blockade of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor on anxiety, Eur J Neurosci, vol.16, pp.1395-1398, 2002.

J. Haller, B. Varga, C. Ledent, I. Barna, and T. F. Freund, Context-dependent effects of CB1 cannabinoid gene disruption on anxiety-like and social behaviour in mice, Eur J Neurosci, vol.19, pp.1906-1912, 2004.

J. Haller, F. Matyas, K. Soproni, B. Varga, B. Barsy et al., Correlated species differences in the effects of cannabinoid ligands on anxiety and on GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission, Eur J Neurosci, vol.25, pp.2445-2456, 2007.

A. Harauma and T. Moriguchi, Dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency in mice enhances anxiety induced by chronic mild stress, Lipids, vol.46, pp.409-416, 2011.

C. He, X. Qu, L. Cui, J. Wang, and J. X. Kang, Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.106, pp.11370-11375, 2009.

M. Hennebelle, L. Balasse, A. Latour, G. Champeil-potokar, S. Denis et al., Influence of omega-3 Fatty Acid status on the way rats adapt to chronic restraint stress, PLoS One, vol.7, p.42142, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00717836

J. P. Herman, H. Figueiredo, N. K. Mueller, Y. Ulrich-lai, M. M. Ostrander et al., Central mechanisms of stress integration: hierarchical circuitry controlling hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness, Front Neuroendocrinol, vol.24, pp.151-180, 2003.

J. R. Hibbeln, Fish consumption and major depression, Doctorat en Neurosciences de l'Université, vol.351, p.1213, 1998.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.133

J. R. Hibbeln, Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national, ecological analysis, J Affect Disord, vol.69, pp.15-29, 2002.

J. R. Hibbeln, G. Bissette, J. C. Umhau, and D. T. George, Omega-3 status and cerebrospinal fluid corticotrophin releasing hormone in perpetrators of domestic violence, Biol Psychiatry, vol.56, pp.895-897, 2004.

M. N. Hill and B. B. Gorzalka, Enhancement of anxiety-like responsiveness to the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist HU-210 following chronic stress, Eur J Pharmacol, vol.499, pp.291-295, 2004.

M. N. Hill and B. B. Gorzalka, Is there a role for the endocannabinoid system in the etiology and treatment of melancholic depression?, Behav Pharmacol, vol.16, pp.333-352, 2005.

M. N. Hill and B. B. Gorzalka, Impairments in endocannabinoid signaling and depressive illness, JAMA, vol.301, pp.1165-1166, 2009.

M. N. Hill and J. G. Tasker, Endocannabinoid signaling, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, Neuroscience, vol.204, pp.5-16, 2012.

M. N. Hill, C. J. Hillard, and B. S. Mcewen, Alterations in Corticolimbic Dendritic Morphology and Emotional Behavior in Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor-Deficient Mice Parallel the Effects of Chronic Stress, Cereb Cortex, 2011.

M. N. Hill, G. E. Miller, W. S. Ho, B. B. Gorzalka, and C. J. Hillard, Serum endocannabinoid content is altered in females with depressive disorders: a preliminary report, Pharmacopsychiatry, vol.41, pp.48-53, 2008.

M. N. Hill, E. J. Carrier, R. J. Mclaughlin, A. C. Morrish, S. E. Meier et al., Regional alterations in the endocannabinoid system in an animal model of depression: effects of concurrent antidepressant treatment, J Neurochem, vol.106, pp.2322-2336, 2008.

M. N. Hill, R. J. Mclaughlin, B. Bingham, L. Shrestha, T. T. Lee et al., Endogenous cannabinoid signaling is essential for stress adaptation, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.107, pp.9406-9411, 2010.

M. N. Hill, S. A. Kumar, S. B. Filipski, M. Iverson, K. L. Stuhr et al., Disruption of fatty acid amide hydrolase activity prevents the effects of chronic stress on anxiety and amygdalar microstructure, Mol Psychiatry, 2012.

M. N. Hill, R. J. Mclaughlin, B. Pan, M. L. Fitzgerald, C. J. Roberts et al., Recruitment of prefrontal cortical endocannabinoid signaling by glucocorticoids contributes to termination of the stress response, J Neurosci, vol.31, pp.10506-10515, 2011.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.134

C. J. Hillard, Biochemistry and pharmacology of the endocannabinoids arachidonylethanolamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, vol.61, pp.3-18, 2000.

B. Hinz and R. Hirschelmann, Rapid non-genomic feedback effects of glucocorticoids on CRF-induced ACTH secretion in rats, Pharm Res, vol.17, pp.1273-1277, 2000.

R. T. Holman, S. B. Johnson, and T. F. Hatch, A case of human linolenic acid deficiency involving neurological abnormalities, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.35, pp.617-623, 1982.

F. Holsboer, The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.23, pp.477-501, 2000.

F. Holsboer and N. Barden, Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation, Endocr Rev, vol.17, pp.187-205, 1996.

A. C. Howlett, Cannabinoid receptor signaling, Handb Exp Pharmacol, pp.53-79, 2005.

A. C. Howlett and R. M. Fleming, Cannabinoid inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pharmacology of the response in neuroblastoma cell membranes, Mol Pharmacol, vol.26, pp.532-538, 1984.

M. Huan, K. Hamazaki, Y. Sun, M. Itomura, H. Liu et al., Suicide attempt and n-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells: a case control study in China, Biol Psychiatry, vol.56, pp.490-496, 2004.

S. Y. Huang, H. T. Yang, C. C. Chiu, C. M. Pariante, and K. P. Su, Omega-3 fatty acids on the forced-swimming test, J Psychiatr Res, vol.42, pp.58-63, 2008.

B. L. Hungund, K. Y. Vinod, S. A. Kassir, B. S. Basavarajappa, R. Yalamanchili et al., Upregulation of CB1 receptors and agonist-stimulated, 2004.

, GTPgammaS binding in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide victims, Mol Psychiatry, vol.9, pp.184-190

A. Ikemoto, T. Kobayashi, S. Watanabe, and H. Okuyama, Membrane fatty acid modifications of PC12 cells by arachidonate or docosahexaenoate affect neurite outgrowth but not norepinephrine release, Neurochem Res, vol.22, pp.671-678, 1997.

S. M. Innis, Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk: an essential role in infant development, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.554, pp.27-43, 2004.

S. M. Innis, Essential fatty acid transfer and fetal development, Placenta, vol.26, pp.70-75, 2005.

S. M. Innis, Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and the developing brain, Brain Res, vol.1237, pp.35-43, 2008.

S. M. Innis and R. W. Friesen, Essential n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women and early visual acuity maturation in term infants, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.87, pp.548-557, 2008.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.135

M. Ito, Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles, Physiol Rev, vol.81, pp.1143-1195, 2001.

A. Izquierdo, C. L. Wellman, and A. Holmes, Brief uncontrollable stress causes dendritic retraction in infralimbic cortex and resistance to fear extinction in mice, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.5733-5738, 2006.

, J

W. Jacob, A. Yassouridis, G. Marsicano, K. Monory, B. Lutz et al., Endocannabinoids render exploratory behaviour largely independent of the test aversiveness: role of glutamatergic transmission, Genes Brain Behav, vol.8, pp.685-698, 2009.

L. Jacobson and R. Sapolsky, The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, Endocr Rev, vol.12, pp.118-134, 1991.

J. Jaworski, S. Spangler, D. P. Seeburg, C. C. Hoogenraad, and M. Sheng, Control of dendritic arborization by the phosphoinositide-3'-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, J Neurosci, vol.25, pp.11300-11312, 2005.

S. Jazayeri, M. Tehrani-doost, S. A. Keshavarz, M. Hosseini, A. Djazayery et al., Comparison of therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid and fluoxetine, separately and in combination, in major depressive disorder, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, vol.42, pp.192-198, 2008.

C. L. Jensen and W. C. Heird, Lipids with an emphasis on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, Clin Perinatol, vol.29, pp.261-281, 2002.

W. Jiang, Y. Zhang, X. L. Van-cleemput, J. Ji, S. P. Bai et al., Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like effects, J Clin Invest, vol.115, pp.3104-3116, 2005.

W. Jin, S. Brown, J. P. Roche, C. Hsieh, J. P. Celver et al., Distinct domains of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor mediate desensitization and internalization, J Neurosci, vol.19, pp.3773-3780, 1999.

M. H. Kamphuis, M. I. Geerlings, M. A. Tijhuis, S. Kalmijn, D. E. Grobbee et al., Depression and cardiovascular mortality: a role for n-3 fatty acids?, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.84, pp.1513-1517, 2006.

J. X. Kang, J. Wang, L. Wu, and Z. B. Kang, Transgenic mice: fat-1 mice convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, Nature, vol.427, p.504, 2004.

M. Karlsson, J. A. Contreras, U. Hellman, H. Tornqvist, and C. Holm, cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and identification of the catalytic triad of monoglyceride lipase. Evolutionary relationship to esterases, lysophospholipases, and haloperoxidases, J Biol Chem, vol.272, pp.27218-27223, 1997.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.136

I. Katona, B. Sperlagh, Z. Magloczky, E. Santha, A. Kofalvi et al., GABAergic interneurons are the targets of cannabinoid actions in the human hippocampus, Neuroscience, vol.100, pp.797-804, 2000.

Y. Kawamura, M. Fukaya, T. Maejima, T. Yoshida, E. Miura et al., The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is the major cannabinoid receptor at excitatory presynaptic sites in the hippocampus and cerebellum, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.2991-3001, 2006.

A. Kawashima, T. Harada, H. Kami, T. Yano, K. Imada et al., Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on synaptic plasticity, fatty acid profile and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in rat hippocampus and differentiated PC12 cells, J Nutr Biochem, vol.21, pp.268-277, 2010.

J. K. Kiecolt-glaser, M. A. Belury, R. Andridge, W. B. Malarkey, and R. Glaser, Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial, Brain Behav Immun, vol.25, pp.1725-1734, 2011.

H. W. Kim, J. S. Rao, S. I. Rapoport, and M. Igarashi, Regulation of rat brain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism during graded dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.85, pp.361-368, 2011.

H. Y. Kim and A. A. Spector, Synaptamide, endocannabinoid-like derivative of docosahexaenoic acid with cannabinoid-independent function, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2012.

H. Y. Kim, H. S. Moon, D. Cao, J. Lee, K. Kevala et al., N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamide promotes development of hippocampal neurons, Biochem J, vol.435, pp.327-336, 2011.

E. Kodas, S. Vancassel, B. Lejeune, D. Guilloteau, and S. Chalon, Reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency-induced changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission in rats: critical role of developmental stage, J Lipid Res, vol.43, pp.1209-1219, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02683445

E. Kodas, L. Galineau, S. Bodard, S. Vancassel, D. Guilloteau et al., Serotoninergic neurotransmission is affected by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rat, J Neurochem, vol.89, pp.695-702, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02682725

B. Kolb, G. Gorny, C. L. Limebeer, and L. A. Parker, Chronic treatment with Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol alters the structure of neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, Synapse, vol.60, pp.429-436, 2006.

M. Kouznetsova, B. Kelley, M. Shen, and S. A. Thayer, Desensitization of cannabinoidmediated presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmission between rat hippocampal neurons in culture, Mol Pharmacol, vol.61, pp.477-485, 2002.

A. C. Kreitzer and W. G. Regehr, Retrograde signaling by endocannabinoids, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.12, pp.324-330, 2002.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.137

P. M. Kris-etherton, D. S. Taylor, S. Yu-poth, P. Huth, K. Moriarty et al., Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.71, pp.179-188, 2000.

V. Krishnan, M. H. Han, D. L. Graham, O. Berton, W. Renthal et al., Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions, Cell, vol.131, pp.391-404, 2007.

V. Kumar, M. X. Zhang, M. W. Swank, J. Kunz, and G. Y. Wu, Regulation of dendritic morphogenesis by Ras-PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Ras-MAPK signaling pathways, J Neurosci, vol.25, pp.11288-11299, 2005.

F. Kuperstein, E. Yakubov, P. Dinerman, S. Gil, R. Eylam et al., Overexpression of dopamine receptor genes and their products in the postnatal rat brain following maternal n-3 fatty acid dietary deficiency, J Neurochem, vol.95, pp.1550-1562, 2005.

M. Lafourcade, I. Elezgarai, S. Mato, Y. Bakiri, P. Grandes et al., Molecular components and functions of the endocannabinoid system in mouse prefrontal cortex, PLoS One, vol.2, p.709, 2007.

M. Lafourcade, T. Larrieu, S. Mato, A. Duffaud, M. Sepers et al., Nutritional omega-3 deficiency abolishes endocannabinoid-mediated neuronal functions, Nat Neurosci, vol.14, pp.345-350, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00612705

T. Larrieu, C. Madore, C. Joffre, and S. Laye, Nutritional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids deficiency alters cannabinoid receptor signaling pathway in the brain and associated anxiety-like behavior in mice, J Physiol Biochem, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02649145

R. S. Lazarus, Coping theory and research: past, present, and future, Psychosom Med, vol.55, pp.234-247, 1993.

H. J. Lee, S. Ghelardoni, L. Chang, F. Bosetti, S. I. Rapoport et al., Topiramate does not alter the kinetics of arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acid in brain phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat, Neurochem Res, vol.30, pp.677-683, 2005.

J. P. Lepine, I. Gasquet, V. Kovess, S. Arbabzadeh-bouchez, L. Negre-pages et al., Encephale, vol.31, pp.182-194, 2005.

B. Levant, M. K. Ozias, P. F. Davis, M. Winter, K. L. Russell et al., Decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid content produces neurobiological effects associated with depression: Interactions with reproductive status in female rats, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.33, pp.1279-1292, 2008.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.138

I. Levental, M. Grzybek, and K. Simons, Greasing their way: lipid modifications determine protein association with membrane rafts, Biochemistry, vol.49, pp.6305-6316, 2010.

F. M. Leweke and D. Koethe, Cannabis and psychiatric disorders: it is not only addiction, Addict Biol, vol.13, pp.264-275, 2008.

S. Y. Lim, J. Hoshiba, N. Salem, and J. , An extraordinary degree of structural specificity is required in neural phospholipids for optimal brain function: n-6 docosapentaenoic acid substitution for docosahexaenoic acid leads to a loss in spatial task performance, J Neurochem, vol.95, pp.848-857, 2005.

C. Liston, M. M. Miller, D. S. Goldwater, J. J. Radley, A. B. Rocher et al., Stress-induced alterations in prefrontal cortical dendritic morphology predict selective impairments in perceptual attentional set-shifting, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.7870-7874, 2006.

R. J. Liu and G. K. Aghajanian, Stress blunts serotonin-and hypocretin-evoked EPSCs in prefrontal cortex: role of corticosterone-mediated apical dendritic atrophy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.105, pp.359-364, 2008.

G. Lombardi, P. Leonardi, and F. Moroni, Metabotropic glutamate receptors, transmitter output and fatty acids: studies in rat brain slices, Br J Pharmacol, vol.117, pp.189-195, 1996.

M. ,

K. Mackie, Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system, Handb Exp Pharmacol, pp.299-325, 2005.

K. Mackie, Signaling via CNS cannabinoid receptors, Mol Cell Endocrinol, vol.286, pp.60-65, 2008.

M. Maes, R. Smith, C. A. Cosyns, P. Desnyder, R. Meltzer et al., Fatty acid composition in major depression: decreased omega 3 fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20: 4 omega 6/C20:5 omega 3 ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids, J Affect Disord, vol.38, pp.35-46, 1996.

A. M. Magarinos, C. J. Li, G. Toth, J. Bath, K. G. Jing et al., Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor haploinsufficiency on stress-induced remodeling of hippocampal neurons, Hippocampus, vol.21, pp.253-264, 2011.

R. Malcher-lopes, S. Di, V. S. Marcheselli, F. J. Weng, C. T. Stuart et al., Opposing crosstalk between leptin and glucocorticoids rapidly modulates synaptic excitation via endocannabinoid release, J Neurosci, vol.26, pp.6643-6650, 2006.

S. P. Malkoski and R. I. Dorin, Composite glucocorticoid regulation at a functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element of the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene, Mol Endocrinol, vol.13, pp.1629-1644, 1999.

J. J. Mann, Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.4, pp.819-828, 2003.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.139

J. J. Mann, R. A. Henteleff, T. F. Lagattuta, J. A. Perper, S. Li et al., Lower 3H-paroxetine binding in cerebral cortex of suicide victims is partly due to fewer high affinity, non-transporter sites, J Neural Transm, vol.103, pp.1337-1350, 1996.

J. Manzanares, J. Corchero, and J. A. Fuentes, Opioid and cannabinoid receptor-mediated regulation of the increase in adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticosterone plasma concentrations induced by central administration of delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats, Brain Res, vol.839, pp.173-179, 1999.

L. B. Marangell, J. M. Martinez, H. A. Zboyan, B. Kertz, H. F. Kim et al., A doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression, Am J Psychiatry, vol.160, pp.996-998, 2003.

E. M. Marco, L. Perez-alvarez, E. Borcel, M. Rubio, C. Guaza et al., Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in behavioural effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 in male rats, Behav Pharmacol, vol.15, pp.21-27, 2004.

G. Marsicano, C. T. Wotjak, S. C. Azad, T. Bisogno, G. Rammes et al., The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories, Nature, vol.418, pp.530-534, 2002.

G. Marsicano, S. Goodenough, K. Monory, H. Hermann, M. Eder et al., CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity, vol.302, pp.84-88, 2003.

J. R. Marszalek and H. F. Lodish, Docosahexaenoic acid, fatty acid-interacting proteins, and neuronal function: breastmilk and fish are good for you, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, vol.21, pp.633-657, 2005.

M. Martin, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, R. Maldonado, and O. Valverde, Involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in emotional behaviour, Psychopharmacology (Berl), vol.159, pp.379-387, 2002.

R. E. Martin and N. G. Bazan, Changing fatty acid content of growth cone lipids prior to synaptogenesis, J Neurochem, vol.59, pp.318-325, 1992.

M. Martinez, Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development, J Pediatr, vol.120, pp.129-138, 1992.

M. Martinez and I. Mougan, Fatty acid composition of human brain phospholipids during normal development, J Neurochem, vol.71, pp.2528-2533, 1998.

S. Mato and A. Pazos, Influence of age, postmortem delay and freezing storage period on cannabinoid receptor density and functionality in human brain, Neuropharmacology, vol.46, pp.716-726, 2004.

S. Mato, V. Chevaleyre, D. Robbe, A. Pazos, P. E. Castillo et al., A single in-vivo exposure to delta 9THC blocks endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity, Nat Neurosci, vol.7, pp.585-586, 2004.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.140

L. A. Matsuda, S. J. Lolait, M. J. Brownstein, A. C. Young, and T. I. Bonner, Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA, Nature, vol.346, pp.561-564, 1990.

S. D. Mcallister and M. Glass, CB(1) and CB(2) receptor-mediated signalling: a focus on endocannabinoids, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.66, pp.161-171, 2002.

B. S. Mcewen and J. C. Wingfield, What is in a name? Integrating homeostasis, allostasis and stress, Horm Behav, vol.57, pp.105-111, 2010.

B. S. Mcewen, D. Kloet, E. R. Rostene, and W. , Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system, Physiol Rev, vol.66, pp.1121-1188, 1986.

B. S. Mcewen, D. Albeck, H. Cameron, H. M. Chao, E. Gould et al., Stress and the brain: a paradoxical role for adrenal steroids, Vitam Horm, vol.51, pp.371-402, 1995.

B. S. Mcewen, Stress, adaptation, and disease. Allostasis and allostatic load, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.840, pp.33-44, 1998.

B. S. Mcewen, Allostasis and allostatic load: implications for neuropsychopharmacology, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.22, pp.108-124, 2000.

R. J. Mclaughlin, M. N. Hill, F. R. Bambico, K. L. Stuhr, G. Gobbi et al., Prefrontal cortical anandamide signaling coordinates coping responses to stress through a serotonergic pathway, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.22, pp.664-671, 2012.

R. K. Mcnamara and S. E. Carlson, Role of omega-3 fatty acids in brain development and function: potential implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of psychopathology, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.329-349, 2006.

R. K. Mcnamara and Y. Liu, Reduced expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in the prefrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.129, pp.359-363, 2011.

R. K. Mcnamara, Y. Liu, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, and P. Tso, The aging human orbitofrontal cortex: decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and associated increases in lipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.78, pp.293-304, 2008.

R. K. Mcnamara, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, P. Tso, Y. Dwivedi et al., Selective deficits in erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid composition in adult patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.126, pp.303-311, 2010.

R. K. Mcnamara, C. G. Hahn, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, P. Tso et al., Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder, Biol Psychiatry, vol.62, pp.17-24, 2007.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.141

R. K. Mcnamara, R. Jandacek, T. Rider, P. Tso, K. E. Stanford et al., Deficits in docosahexaenoic acid and associated elevations in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder, Psychiatry Res, vol.160, pp.285-299, 2008.

M. J. Meaney and D. H. Aitken, Brain Res, vol.328, pp.176-180, 1985.

M. J. Meaney, D. H. Aitken, S. R. Bodnoff, L. J. Iny, J. E. Tatarewicz et al., Early postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in selected brain regions, Behav Neurosci, vol.99, pp.765-770, 1985.

B. J. Meyer, N. J. Mann, J. L. Lewis, G. C. Milligan, A. J. Sinclair et al., Dietary intakes and food sources of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Lipids, vol.38, pp.391-398, 2003.

R. Mingam, A. Moranis, R. M. Bluthe, D. Smedt-peyrusse, V. Kelley et al., Uncoupling of interleukin-6 from its signalling pathway by dietary n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation alters sickness behaviour in mice, Eur J Neurosci, vol.28, pp.1877-1886, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02658609

R. Mitra, D. Ferguson, and R. M. Sapolsky, SK2 potassium channel overexpression in basolateral amygdala reduces anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone secretion and dendritic arborization, Mol Psychiatry, vol.14, pp.847-855, 2009.

B. Moghaddam, M. L. Bolinao, B. Stein-behrens, and R. Sapolsky, Glucocorticoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamate, Brain Res, vol.655, pp.251-254, 1994.

F. A. Moreira and B. Lutz, The endocannabinoid system: emotion, learning and addiction, Addict Biol, vol.13, pp.196-212, 2008.

F. A. Moreira and C. T. Wotjak, Cannabinoids and anxiety, Curr Top Behav Neurosci, vol.2, pp.429-450, 2010.

T. Moriguchi, R. S. Greiner, N. Salem, and J. , Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid concentration, J Neurochem, vol.75, pp.2563-2573, 2000.

K. Mozhui, R. M. Karlsson, T. L. Kash, J. Ihne, M. Norcross et al., Strain differences in stress responsivity are associated with divergent amygdala gene expression and glutamatemediated neuronal excitability, J Neurosci, vol.30, pp.5357-5367, 2010.

S. Munro, K. L. Thomas, and M. Abu-shaar, Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids, Nature, vol.365, pp.61-65, 1993.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.142

Y. Nakai, T. Usui, T. Tsukada, H. Takahashi, J. Fukata et al., Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid inhibition of human proopiomelanocortin gene transcription, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, vol.40, pp.301-306, 1991.

Y. Nakashima, S. Yuasa, Y. Hukamizu, H. Okuyama, T. Ohhara et al., Effect of a high linoleate and a high alpha-linolenate diet on general behavior and drug sensitivity in mice, J Lipid Res, vol.34, pp.239-247, 1993.

K. Naliwaiko, R. L. Araujo, R. V. Da-fonseca, J. C. Castilho, R. Andreatini et al., Effects of fish oil on the central nervous system: a new potential antidepressant?, Nutr Neurosci, vol.7, pp.91-99, 2004.

C. B. Nemeroff, E. Widerlov, G. Bissette, H. Walleus, I. Karlsson et al., Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients, Science, vol.226, pp.1342-1344, 1984.

B. Nemets, Z. Stahl, and R. H. Belmaker, Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder, Am J Psychiatry, vol.159, pp.477-479, 2002.

E. J. Nestler, M. Barrot, R. J. Dileone, A. J. Eisch, S. J. Gold et al., Neurobiology of depression. Neuron, vol.34, pp.13-25, 2002.

R. J. Newsom, C. Osterlund, C. V. Masini, H. E. Day, R. L. Spencer et al., Cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonism significantly modulates basal and loud noise induced neural and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats, Neuroscience, vol.204, pp.64-73, 2012.

L. R. Nieminen, K. K. Makino, N. Mehta, M. Virkkunen, H. Y. Kim et al., Relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and plasma neuroactive steroids in alcoholism, depression and controls, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.75, pp.309-314, 2006.

S. K. Orr and R. P. Bazinet, The emerging role of docosahexaenoic acid in neuroinflammation, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, vol.9, pp.735-743, 2008.

S. K. Orr, M. O. Trepanier, and R. P. Bazinet, Polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal models with neuroinflammation, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2012.

A. Ozaita, E. Puighermanal, and R. Maldonado, Regulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 pathway by cannabinoids in the brain, J Neurochem, vol.102, pp.1105-1114, 2007.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.143

G. N. Pandey, X. Ren, H. S. Rizavi, R. R. Conley, R. C. Roberts et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B receptor signalling in post-mortem brain of teenage suicide victims, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.11, pp.1047-1061, 2008.

S. Patel, C. T. Roelke, D. J. Rademacher, W. E. Cullinan, and C. J. Hillard, Endocannabinoid signaling negatively modulates stress-induced activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis, Endocrinology, vol.145, pp.5431-5438, 2004.

M. Peet and D. F. Horrobin, A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.59, pp.913-919, 2002.

M. Peet, B. Murphy, J. Shay, and D. Horrobin, Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients, Biol Psychiatry, vol.43, pp.315-319, 1998.

D. Piomelli, The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.4, pp.873-884, 2003.

T. A. Pitler and B. E. Alger, Postsynaptic spike firing reduces synaptic GABAA responses in hippocampal pyramidal cells, J Neurosci, vol.12, pp.4122-4132, 1992.

R. D. Porsolt, L. Pichon, M. Jalfre, and M. , Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments, Nature, vol.266, pp.730-732, 1977.

R. D. Porsolt, A. Bertin, and M. Jalfre, Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants, Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, vol.229, pp.327-336, 1977.

X. Qi, W. Lin, D. Wang, Y. Pan, W. Wang et al., A role for the extracellular signalregulated kinase signal pathway in depressive-like behavior, Behav Brain Res, vol.199, pp.203-209, 2009.

J. J. Radley, H. M. Sisti, J. Hao, A. B. Rocher, T. Mccall et al., Chronic behavioral stress induces apical dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, vol.125, pp.1-6, 2004.

J. J. Radley, A. B. Rocher, M. Miller, W. G. Janssen, C. Liston et al., Repeated stress induces dendritic spine loss in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, vol.16, pp.313-320, 2006.

M. B. Raeder, V. M. Steen, S. E. Vollset, and I. Bjelland, Associations between cod liver oil use and symptoms of depression: the Hordaland Health Study, J Affect Disord, vol.101, pp.245-249, 2007.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.144

G. Rajkowska, J. J. Miguel-hidalgo, P. Dubey, C. A. Stockmeier, and K. R. Krishnan, Prominent reduction in pyramidal neurons density in the orbitofrontal cortex of elderly depressed patients, Biol Psychiatry, vol.58, pp.297-306, 2005.

G. Rajkowska, J. J. Miguel-hidalgo, J. Wei, G. Dilley, S. D. Pittman et al., Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression, Biol Psychiatry, vol.45, pp.1085-1098, 1999.

J. S. Rao, R. N. Ertley, J. C. Demar, J. Rapoport, S. I. Bazinet et al., Dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation alters expression of enzymes of the arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid cascades in rat frontal cortex, Mol Psychiatry, vol.12, pp.151-157, 2007.

J. S. Rao, R. N. Ertley, H. J. Lee, J. C. Demar, J. Arnold et al., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism, Mol Psychiatry, vol.12, pp.36-46, 2007.

M. Raygada, E. Cho, and L. Hilakivi-clarke, High maternal intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy in mice alters offsprings' aggressive behavior, immobility in the swim test, locomotor activity and brain protein kinase C activity, J Nutr, vol.128, pp.2505-2511, 1998.

A. M. Rees, M. P. Austin, and G. B. Parker, Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for perinatal depression: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, vol.42, pp.199-205, 2008.

J. M. Reul and E. R. De-kloet, Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation, Endocrinology, vol.117, pp.2505-2511, 1985.

J. M. Reul, F. R. Van-den-bosch, and E. R. De-kloet, Relative occupation of type-I and type-II corticosteroid receptors in rat brain following stress and dexamethasone treatment: functional implications, J Endocrinol, vol.115, pp.459-467, 1987.

J. M. Reul, F. R. Van-den-bosch, and E. R. De-kloet, Differential response of type I and type II corticosteroid receptors to changes in plasma steroid level and circadian rhythmicity, Neuroendocrinology, vol.45, pp.407-412, 1987.

S. Ridder, S. Chourbaji, R. Hellweg, A. Urani, C. Zacher et al., Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions, J Neurosci, vol.25, pp.6243-6250, 2005.

B. Riniker, P. Sieber, W. Rittel, and H. Zuber, Revised amino-acid sequences for porcine and human adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Nat New Biol, vol.235, pp.114-115, 1972.

D. Robbe, G. Alonso, F. Duchamp, J. Bockaert, and O. J. Manzoni, Localization and mechanisms of action of cannabinoid receptors at the glutamatergic synapses of the mouse nucleus accumbens, J Neurosci, vol.21, pp.109-116, 2001.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.145

D. Robbe, M. Kopf, A. Remaury, J. Bockaert, and O. J. Manzoni, Endogenous cannabinoids mediate long-term synaptic depression in the nucleus accumbens, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.99, pp.8384-8388, 2002.

F. Rodriguez-de-fonseca, P. Rubio, F. Menzaghi, E. Merlo-pich, J. Rivier et al., Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist [D-Phe12,Nle21,38,C alpha MeLeu37]CRF attenuates the acute actions of the highly potent cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-210 on defensive-withdrawal behavior in rats, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.276, pp.56-64, 1996.

J. Romero, E. Garcia-palomero, J. G. Castro, L. Garcia-gil, J. A. Ramos et al., Effects of chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA levels in several rat brain regions, Brain Res Mol Brain Res, vol.46, pp.100-108, 1997.

A. Roohbakhsh, A. H. Moghaddam, R. Massoudi, and M. R. Zarrindast, Role of dorsal hippocampal cannabinoid receptors and nitric oxide in anxiety like behaviours in rats using the elevated plus-maze test, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, vol.34, pp.223-229, 2007.

B. M. Ross, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and anxiety disorders, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.81, pp.309-312, 2009.

C. Roumestan, C. Gougat, D. Jaffuel, and M. Mathieu, Glucocorticoids and their receptor: mechanisms of action and clinical implications, Rev Med Interne, vol.25, pp.636-647, 2004.

T. Rubino, C. Guidali, D. Vigano, N. Realini, M. Valenti et al., CB1 receptor stimulation in specific brain areas differently modulate anxiety-related behaviour, Neuropharmacology, vol.54, pp.151-160, 2008.

T. Rubino, N. Realini, C. Castiglioni, C. Guidali, D. Vigano et al., Cereb Cortex, vol.18, pp.1292-1301, 2008.

T. Rubino, D. Vigano, N. Realini, C. Guidali, D. Braida et al., Chronic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence provokes sex-dependent changes in the emotional profile in adult rats: behavioral and biochemical correlates, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.33, pp.2760-2771, 2008.

D. Rueda, I. Galve-roperh, A. Haro, and M. Guzman, The CB(1) cannabinoid receptor is coupled to the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Mol Pharmacol, vol.58, pp.814-820, 2000.

M. Rutkowska and O. Jachimczuk, Antidepressant--like properties of ACEA (arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide), the selective agonist of CB1 receptors, Acta Pol Pharm, vol.61, pp.165-167, 2004.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.146

T. Sakamoto, M. Cansev, and R. J. Wurtman, Oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and uridine-5'-monophosphate increases dendritic spine density in adult gerbil hippocampus, Brain Res, vol.1182, pp.50-59, 2007.

B. Samuelsson, Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation, Science, vol.220, pp.568-575, 1983.

D. J. Sanderson, M. A. Good, P. H. Seeburg, R. Sprengel, J. N. Rawlins et al., The role of the GluR-A (GluR1) AMPA receptor subunit in learning and memory, Prog Brain Res, vol.169, pp.159-178, 2008.

C. Sandi, C. Venero, and C. Guaza, Novelty-related rapid locomotor effects of corticosterone in rats, Eur J Neurosci, vol.8, pp.794-800, 1996.

R. M. Sapolsky, Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.57, pp.925-935, 2000.

R. M. Sapolsky, L. C. Krey, and B. S. Mcewen, The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis, Endocr Rev, vol.7, pp.284-301, 1986.

P. S. Sastry, Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism, Prog Lipid Res, vol.24, pp.69-176, 1985.

P. E. Sawchenko and L. W. Swanson, The organization of forebrain afferents to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat, J Comp Neurol, vol.218, pp.121-144, 1983.

J. J. Schildkraut, The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence, Am J Psychiatry, vol.122, pp.509-522, 1965.

D. E. Selley, S. Stark, L. J. Sim, and S. R. Childers, Cannabinoid receptor stimulation of guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding in rat brain membranes, Life Sci, vol.59, pp.659-668, 1996.

H. Selye, The Significance of the Adrenals for Adaptation, Science, vol.85, pp.247-248, 1937.

H. Selye, The evolution of the stress concept, Am Sci, vol.61, pp.692-699, 1973.

C. N. Serhan and J. Savill, Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end, Nat Immunol, vol.6, pp.1191-1197, 2005.

C. N. Serhan, S. Hong, K. Gronert, S. P. Colgan, P. R. Devchand et al., Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals, J Exp Med, vol.196, pp.1025-1037, 2002.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.147

S. R. Sesack, A. Y. Deutch, R. H. Roth, and B. S. Bunney, Topographical organization of the efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: an anterograde tracttracing study with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, J Comp Neurol, vol.290, pp.213-242, 1989.

K. M. Silvers and K. M. Scott, Fish consumption and self-reported physical and mental health status, Public Health Nutr, vol.5, pp.427-431, 2002.

A. P. Simopoulos, The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases, Exp Biol Med (Maywood), vol.233, pp.674-688, 2008.

L. J. Sim-selley, N. S. Schechter, W. K. Rorrer, G. D. Dalton, J. Hernandez et al., Prolonged recovery rate of CB1 receptor adaptation after cessation of longterm cannabinoid administration, Mol Pharmacol, vol.70, pp.986-996, 2006.

L. J. Sim, R. E. Hampson, S. A. Deadwyler, and S. R. Childers, Effects of chronic treatment with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography in rat brain, J Neurosci, vol.16, pp.8057-8066, 1996.

E. A. Slavinski, J. W. Jull, and N. Auersperg, Steroidogenic pathways and trophic response to adrenocorticotrophin of cultured adrenocortical cells in different states of differentiation, J Endocrinol, vol.69, pp.385-394, 1976.

F. Sondheimer, R. Mechoulam, and M. Sprecher, The synthesis of 19-hydroxy-10-alphatestosterone, Tetrahedron, vol.20, pp.2473-2485, 1964.

C. Song, X. Li, B. E. Leonard, and D. F. Horrobin, Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1beta-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats, J Lipid Res, vol.44, pp.1984-1991, 2003.

H. Sprecher, Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.1486, pp.219-231, 2000.

K. Starowicz, S. Nigam, D. Marzo, and V. , Biochemistry and pharmacology of endovanilloids, Pharmacol Ther, vol.114, pp.13-33, 2007.

M. A. Steiner, G. Marsicano, E. J. Nestler, F. Holsboer, B. Lutz et al., Antidepressant-like behavioral effects of impaired cannabinoid receptor type 1 signaling coincide with exaggerated corticosterone secretion in mice, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.33, pp.54-67, 2008.

M. A. Steiner, K. Wanisch, K. Monory, G. Marsicano, E. Borroni et al., Impaired cannabinoid receptor type 1 signaling interferes with stress-coping behavior in mice, Pharmacogenomics J, vol.8, pp.196-208, 2008.

A. Straiker and K. Mackie, Depolarization-induced suppression of excitation in murine autaptic hippocampal neurones, J Physiol, vol.569, pp.501-517, 2005.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.148

A. M. Stranahan, T. V. Arumugam, R. G. Cutler, K. Lee, J. M. Egan et al., Diabetes impairs hippocampal function through glucocorticoid-mediated effects on new and mature neurons, Nat Neurosci, vol.11, pp.309-317, 2008.

H. M. Su, L. Bernardo, M. Mirmiran, X. H. Ma, T. N. Corso et al., Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of docosahexaenoate accretion in brain and associated organs of neonatal baboons, Pediatr Res, vol.45, pp.87-93, 1999.

K. P. Su, S. Y. Huang, C. C. Chiu, and W. W. Shen, Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder. A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.13, pp.267-271, 2003.

T. Sugiura, Y. Kobayashi, S. Oka, and K. Waku, Biosynthesis and degradation of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and their possible physiological significance, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.66, pp.173-192, 2002.

T. Sugiura, S. Kondo, A. Sukagawa, S. Nakane, A. Shinoda et al., 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.215, pp.89-97, 1995.

R. M. Sullivan and A. Gratton, Prefrontal cortical regulation of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal function in the rat and implications for psychopathology: side matters, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.27, pp.99-114, 2002.

L. W. Swanson, An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the preoptic region in the rat, J Comp Neurol, vol.167, pp.227-256, 1976.

T. Takeuchi, M. Iwanaga, and E. Harada, Possible regulatory mechanism of DHA-induced anti-stress reaction in rats, Brain Res, vol.964, pp.136-143, 2003.

D. Taliaz, A. Loya, R. Gersner, S. Haramati, A. Chen et al., Resilience to chronic stress is mediated by hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, J Neurosci, vol.31, pp.4475-4483, 2011.

A. Tanskanen, J. R. Hibbeln, J. Tuomilehto, A. Uutela, A. Haukkala et al., Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in the general population in Finland, Psychiatr Serv, vol.52, pp.529-531, 2001.

J. G. Tasker, S. Di, and R. Malcher-lopes, Minireview: rapid glucocorticoid signaling via membrane-associated receptors, Endocrinology, vol.147, pp.5549-5556, 2006.

T. Terano, J. A. Salmon, and S. Moncada, Biosynthesis and biological activity of leukotriene B5, Prostaglandins, vol.27, pp.217-232, 1984.

H. Tiemeier, H. R. Van-tuijl, A. Hofman, A. J. Kiliaan, and M. M. Breteler, Plasma fatty acid composition and depression are associated in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.78, pp.40-46, 2003.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.149

M. Timonen, D. Horrobin, J. Jokelainen, J. Laitinen, A. Herva et al., Fish consumption and depression: the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study, J Affect Disord, vol.82, pp.447-452, 2004.

M. Uchigashima, M. Narushima, M. Fukaya, I. Katona, M. Kano et al., Subcellular arrangement of molecules for 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated retrograde signaling and its physiological contribution to synaptic modulation in the striatum, J Neurosci, vol.27, pp.3663-3676, 2007.

N. Ueda, Endocannabinoid hydrolases, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, vol.68, pp.521-534, 2002.

E. Van-otterloo, O. Dwyer, G. Stockmeier, C. A. Steffens, D. C. Krishnan et al., Reductions in neuronal density in elderly depressed are region specific, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, vol.24, pp.856-864, 2009.

L. Venance, R. Maldonado, and O. Manzoni, , 2004.

, Med Sci (Paris), vol.20, pp.45-53

K. Y. Vinod and B. L. Hungund, Role of the endocannabinoid system in depression and suicide, Trends Pharmacol Sci, vol.27, pp.539-545, 2006.

K. Y. Vinod, V. Arango, S. Xie, S. A. Kassir, J. J. Mann et al., Elevated levels of endocannabinoids and CB1 receptor-mediated G-protein signaling in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholic suicide victims, Biol Psychiatry, vol.57, pp.162-167, 2005.

A. A. Walf and C. A. Frye, The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents, Nat Protoc, vol.2, pp.322-328, 2007.

S. Watanabe, M. Doshi, and T. Hamazaki, n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency elevates and n-3 PUFA enrichment reduces brain 2-arachidonoylglycerol level in mice, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, vol.69, pp.51-59, 2003.

N. G. Weiland, M. Orchinik, and P. Tanapat, Chronic corticosterone treatment induces parallel changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit messenger RNA levels and antagonist binding sites in the hippocampus, Neuroscience, vol.78, pp.653-662, 1997.

C. L. Wellman, Dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex after chronic corticosterone administration, J Neurobiol, vol.49, pp.245-253, 2001.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.150

R. I. Wilson and R. A. Nicoll, Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signalling at hippocampal synapses, Nature, vol.410, pp.588-592, 2001.

R. I. Wilson and R. A. Nicoll, Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain, Science, vol.296, pp.678-682, 2002.

G. Wittmann, L. Deli, I. Kallo, E. Hrabovszky, M. Watanabe et al., Distribution of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1)-immunoreactive axons in the mouse hypothalamus, J Comp Neurol, vol.503, pp.270-279, 2007.

J. T. Wood, J. S. Williams, L. Pandarinathan, D. R. Janero, C. J. Lammi-keefe et al., Dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation alters select physiological endocannabinoid-system metabolites in brain and plasma, J Lipid Res, vol.51, pp.1416-1423, 2010.

C. T. Wotjak, Role of endogenous cannabinoids in cognition and emotionality, Mini Rev Med Chem, vol.5, pp.659-670, 2005.

R. L. Wright, E. N. Lightner, J. S. Harman, O. C. Meijer, and C. D. Conrad, Attenuating corticosterone levels on the day of memory assessment prevents chronic stressinduced impairments in spatial memory, Eur J Neurosci, vol.24, pp.595-605, 2006.

X. ,

Y. Xiao, Y. Huang, and Z. Y. Chen, Distribution, depletion and recovery of docosahexaenoic acid are region-specific in rat brain, Br J Nutr, vol.94, pp.544-550, 2005.

H. Yasuda, Y. Huang, and T. Tsumoto, Regulation of excitability and plasticity by endocannabinoids and PKA in developing hippocampus, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.105, pp.3106-3111, 2008.

R. Yehuda, J. D. Flory, S. Southwick, and D. S. Charney, Developing an agenda for translational studies of resilience and vulnerability following trauma exposure, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.1071, pp.379-396, 2006.

S. Yehuda, S. Rabinovitz, and D. I. Mostofsky, Essential fatty acids are mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions, J Neurosci Res, vol.56, pp.565-570, 1999.

S. Yehuda, S. Rabinovitz, and D. I. Mostofsky, Mixture of essential fatty acids lowers test anxiety, Nutr Neurosci, vol.8, pp.265-267, 2005.

S. Yehuda, S. Rabinovitz, R. L. Carasso, and D. I. Mostofsky, Fatty acids and brain peptides, Peptides, vol.19, pp.407-419, 1998.

L. Thomas, oméga-3 et troubles de l'humeur, p.151

L. Zimmer, G. Durand, D. Guilloteau, and S. Chalon, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and dopamine metabolism in the rat frontal cortex, Lipids, vol.34, p.251, 1999.

L. Zimmer, S. Delpal, D. Guilloteau, J. Aioun, G. Durand et al., Chronic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency alters dopamine vesicle density in the rat frontal cortex, Neurosci Lett, vol.284, pp.25-28, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02696603

L. Zimmer, E. Kodas, D. Guilloteau, L. Garreau, J. Besnard et al., Microdialysis as a tool for in vivo study of dopamine transporter function in rat brains, J Neurosci Methods, vol.103, pp.137-144, 2000.

L. Zimmer, S. Hembert, G. Durand, P. Breton, D. Guilloteau et al., Chronic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet-deficiency acts on dopamine metabolism in the rat frontal cortex: a microdialysis study, Neurosci Lett, vol.240, pp.177-181, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697597

L. Zimmer, S. Vancassel, S. Cantagrel, P. Breton, S. Delamanche et al., The dopamine mesocorticolimbic pathway is affected by deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.75, pp.662-667, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02675380

P. J. Zhu and D. M. Lovinger, Persistent synaptic activity produces long-lasting enhancement of endocannabinoid modulation and alters long-term synaptic plasticity, J Neurophysiol, vol.97, pp.4386-4389, 2007.

S. Zoppi, B. G. Perez-nievas, J. L. Madrigal, J. Manzanares, J. C. Leza et al., Regulatory role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in stress-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.36, pp.805-818, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00598946