This thesis studies the local opposition phenomenon in carrying out public facility project. It defends the idea that the growing conflict dimension in infrastructure project is not necessarily a dysfunction to be voided in the decision making process. Composed from 4 articles, the thesis observes the phenomenon under different angles, and invokes the following major points. Decision-making tools, among which the cost-advantage analysis and public consultation procedures, don’t permit to deliberate perfect and incontestable decision. The geography of conflict is highly correlated to that of urbanization. The opponents to public decision doubt about the public utility. The property market is not indifferent to signals of future project’s nuisance, as well as to the organized resistance of local associations. Hence, the thesis defend that the conflict dimension of public facility projects is resulted from irreducible factors. It doesn’t represent a failure, but a needed confrontation among coexisting actors in the same territory, actors whose interests and preferences are divergent. It is then this confrontation which will force them to have dialogue, to raise disagreement points, and get out of the divergence thanks to collective action. Administrative lawsuit study is the principal material of this work. The study area is the peri-urban area of the Ile de France region.