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. Résumé,

, Afin de mieux les comprendre, nous avons développé une approche comparative entre les équins (faibles taux de fécondation in vitro : 0-60%) et les porcins (forts taux : 80-90%). Notre but était d'identifier les différences et les similitudes entre ces deux modèles opposés afin de mettre en évidence des éléments clés de la fécondation

, Nous avons montré que 1) la zone pellucide de l'ovocyte est un élément clé dans l'interaction des gamètes, 2) sa composition et sa structure sont différentes entre les espèces équine et porcine, 3) chaque vertébré a son propre jeu de protéines permettant l'interaction des gamètes, 4) la ?-1,4-galactosyltransferase n'est pas nécessaire pour cette interaction dans les espèces équine et porcine, contrairement aux bovins, 5) les sécrétions de l'oviducte participent aux mécanismes de la fécondation équine

S. Mots-clés-:-ovocyte, . Cellules-d'oviducte, and . Interaction-gamétique, étapes de la fécondation, zone pellucide, FIV, gènes de la reproduction, ?-1,4-galactosyltransférase, N-acétylglucosamine, oviductine, osteopontine, ANP A Abstract In equine species, the mechanisms of fertilization remain largely enigmatic. In order to clarify these mechanisms, we have developped a comparative strategy between equine (low in vitro fertilization rates: 0-60%) and porcine (high rates: 80-90%) species. Our objective was to identify differences and similarities between these two opposite models

, We showed that 1) the zona pellucida is a determining element in gamete interaction, 2) its composition and its structure are different between equine and porcine species, 3) each vertebrate has its own protein-set involved in gamete interaction, 4) the ?-1,4-galactosyltransferase is not necessary for gamete interaction in the horse and the pig, contrary to the bovine, 5) the secretions of oviduct cells take part in the mechanism of equine fertilization

, Keywords: Oocyte, spermatozoa, Oviduct cells, Gamete interaction, steps of fertilization, zona pellucida, IVF, reproductive genes, ?-1,4-galactosyltransferase, N-acetylglucosamine, oviductin, osteopontin