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, Liste des figures

D. Schéma, F. , and A. Et-ch, correspondent aux stades phénologiques : pleurs, débourrement, floraison, aoûtement (véraison), maturité et chute des feuilles

, Diagramme de la démarche de travail adopté pour la thèse, p.36

, Localisation et représentation du bassin versant de la Peyne avec son réseau hydrographique

. .. , Carte des pentes et histogramme des distributions des pentes sur milieu viticole du bassin versant de la Peyne en %, p.44

, Carte d'occupation des sols du bassin versant de la Peyne (dans laquelle les zones urbaines sont sans couleurs)

. .. , Résolutions spectrale et spatiale du capteur ASTER et LANDSAT représentées sur le spectre de transmission atmosphérique (courbe en bleue), p.50

, Chaîne de traitement de l'information ASTER pour fournir des cartes adaptées au contexte de l'étude

S. Principes, représentation schématique de la relation entre la température de surface et l'albédo. Les droites LET max (?) et H max (?) correspondent aux situations de surface parfaitement sèche (LE=0) et parfaitement alimentées en eau (H=0)

, Les points 1-4 correspondent aux vertex théoriques représentant les situations extrêmes pour le biome représenté

, Localisation des sites représentant la variabilité des conditions hydriques du bassin de la Peyne sélectionnés pour la réalisation des mesures terrain, p.63

. Al and . Weiss, Les coefficients pour la pente et offset sont représentés ainsi que l'erreur RMSE et l'erreur relative RRMSE, LISTE DES FIGURES 2.9 Régression entre l'ensemble des albédos calculés par la méthode de Liang et, 1999.

, m 2 ) sur le bassin versant de la Peyne, Carte et histogramme du rayonnement net du 22 juin, 2008.

, Station de flux par covariances turbulentes sur le site 7, p.72

, Les valeurs de h 1 ,h 2 ,h 3 ,h 4 sont définies dans le texte, Représentation de la fonction de réponse au stress hydrique a(h) définit par Feddes et, 1978.

. .. De-roujan, , p.81

, Localisation des dispositifs de mesure sur le bassin versant de la Peyne

, Le cercles rouges représentent les sites "chaud", les cercles verts les sites "moyen" et les cercles bleue les sites "froids". Les cercles doubles représentent les sites où une station de flux aété installée, p.82

, Moyenne sur l'ensemble des sites de la variation des teneurs en eau volumique brute et relative (Theta), en fonction de la profondeur, En barres sont représentées les valeurs maximales et minimales rencontrés

, Les lignes en pointillées correspondentà 10% de variation de teneur

, Densité de la distribution verticale des racines adoptée, (d'après Trambouze (1996) et Bsaibes (2007)), vol.87

, Chroniques des précipitations et de l'ET0 référence pour les années hydrologiques, p.91, 2001.

, Piézometrie des sitesà nappe du bassin versant de la Peyne, p.92

, Piézometrie des sitesà nappes de la dépression de Roujan (Site 6), p.94

, Climatologie de l'évapotranspiration réelle mesuré par covariances turbulentes pendant la période des simulations sur les sites 6 et 7. Dans la figure supérieure sont représentées les variables météorologiques pluie et evapotranspiration potentielle de référence. La figure inférieure représente la fractionévaporative pour la même période

. Liste and . Figures, En cercles sont représentés les sites d'étude. Pour une meilleure visualisation des dynamiques spatiales, ces dernières ontété réduites aux intervalles apparaissant dans la légende (échelle de couleur)

, En cercles sont représentés les sites d'étude. Pour une meilleure visualisation des dynamiques spatiales, ces dernières ontété réduites aux intervalles apparaissant dans la légende (échelle de couleur), Cartes des ETR pour la date du 02/11/2007 correspondanteà une période sans végétation et pour la date du 29/06/2002 correspondantà une période ou les sols sont bien alimentés en eau (archive)

, En cercles sont représentés les sites d'étude. Pour une meilleure visualisation des dynamiques spatiales, ces dernières ontété réduites aux intervalles apparaissant dans la légende (échelle de couleur), Cartes des ETR maximales et minimales sur toute la période de pleine végétation de la vigne, p.156

, ) and (b) ASTER overpasses only. R is correlation coefficient, Slope and Offset results from linear regression between X and Y axis data (dotted line). Continuous line is the 1 :1 line. Error bars indicate the tolerance intervals provided by the ECPACK version 2.5.20 library along with ET calculations, LISTE DES FIGURES 5.3 Comparison of ET HYDRUS-1D estimates against Eddy-Covariance measurements for sites 6 and 7 when selecting (a) the vineyard growing seasons, 2007.

. Comparison-of-aster-/-s-sebi, ASTER / WDI (points) daily ET estimates against those derived from (a) Eddy-Covariances estimations within site 6 and 7, and (b) HYDRUS-1D simulations over the seven validation sites. R is correlation coefficient. Slope and Offset result from linear regression between X and Y axis data

. .. , Continuous line is the 1 :1 line, p.181

. S-sebi, WDI) within sites 1 and 4 over 2007-2008 vineyard growing seasons (DOY 213 to DOY 288 for 2007 and DOY 68 to DOY 289 for, Daily rainfall distribution and daily simulated ET-derived from HYDRUS-1D, and remote sensing models, 2008.

S. and W. Median, ET maps for all ASTER scenes covering full canopy vineyard periods (including archives). Validation sites are labeled 1 to 7, and double circles correspond to sites with EC measurements, p.185

B. Intercomparison, W. Daily-s-sebi, and . Et, Dashed line is the 1 :1 line. R is correlation coefficient, Slope and Offset results from linear regression between X and Y axis data (continuous line), p.186

, Map of absolute differences between mean S-SEBI ET daily maps and mean WDI ET daily maps in mm.d ?1 for fully developed canopy period. Validation sites are labeled 1 to 7, and double circles correspond to sites with EC measurements

. Liste and . Figures,

, Comparaison de la température de l'air (T a en?C) mesurée sur les stations météorologiques de Roujan (intérieur du bassin versant d'étude) et de Pezenas (bordure du bassin versant),à pas horaire, pour les jours de passage ASTER

, L'axe des abscisses représente le WDI estimé avec les paramètres de référence et l'axe des ordonnées la différence entre le WDI de référence et celui calculé avec l'introduction de l'offset. Quatre vitesse de vent (valeurs d'offset) ontété considéré en rapport avec la variabilité spatiale mesuré entre stations météorologiques, Analyse de sensibilité de WDI sur la vitesse du vent pour toutes les dates ASTER en incluant les archives

, Histogramme des rugosités de surface (z om ) et des résistances aérodynamiques (ra) pour une vigne représentative de la zone, calculées par calcul itératif sur le site 7à 11 UTC

, RaDV celles d'une vigne complètement couvrante en situation sèche (vertice 2), RaW S celles d'un sol nu humide (vertice 3), RaDS celle d'un sol nu sec (vertice 4) et windspeed est la vitesse du vent mesuré (m.s ?1 ). Les Résistances aérodynamiques sont en s.m ?1, Trapèzes WDI pour deux situation de statut hydrique contrastées, où RaW V est la résistance aérodynamique d'une vigne complètement couvrante en situation humide (vertice 1)

. Fractionévaporative-calculée-par-s-sebi-sur-le-bassin-versant-de-la-peyne, droite) et sur le même bassin mais en considérant uneétendue plus importante

, Comparaison des fractionsévaporatives sur les sites de validation (à exception du site 6) obtenues sur le bassin versant de la Peyne et sur uneétendue plus grande du même bassin

. .. , Comparaison des ETR journalières calculées par S-SEBI en considérant le masque vigne, avec les ETR journalières estimé avec la calcul S-SEBI standard sur le bassin versant de la Peyne. L'ensemble des dates en incluant les images d'archives ontété considérées, p.203

, Liste des tableaux 2.1Évolution de variables météorologiques sur le site de Roujan au cours de la période 1992-2008, ET0 correspondà l'évapotranspiration de référence (selon Penman), en * sont représentées les différences significatives

;. ). Sayah, , 2008.

. Vis-=-visible, . Pir-=-proche-infrarouge, . Swir-=-moyen-infrarouge, and .. .. Tir-=-infrarouge-thermique, Résumé des longueurs d'onde des bandes ASTER selon le domaine spectrale

, Résumé des dates des données ASTER archives et programmées, avec la couverture sur la zone d'étude

, Résumé des caractéristiques viticoles et pédologiques des sites de mesure, p.64

, Résumé des dates d'installation de la station située au site 7, p.73

, Pressions matricielles (en mbar) correspondant aux valeurs seuils de la fonction d'extraction racinaire de Feddes et al. (1978) (équation 2.29), vol.87

, Dates de début de stade phénologiques calculéesà partir des sommes des températures, pour les années concernés par l'étude. Estimationà partir des données météorologiques acquisesà la station de Roujan

;. ). Hébrard-;-*-*-d'après-champagnol-;-*-*-*-d'après-pellegrino, , 1984.

, RMSE et RRMSE sur les régressions des validations selon l'heure de la journée pour le Site 6 et 7

C. Site and É. C. Stock-hydrique-fig, 3: Calage du modèle HYDRUS-1D sur le site 6 (points de mesure non vigne) : comparaison des stocks en eau mesurés

. C. Fig, 4: Calage du modèle HYDRUS-1D sur le site 6 (points de mesure vigne

S. and R. , représentent une solution de validation originale pour obtenir une ETR locale sur un grand nombre de sites, à un coût expérimental réduit. Une étude de sensibilité permet d'apprécier la robustesse de ces modèles spatialisés vis à vis des conditions expérimentales. Après avoir vérifié que les simulations locales réalisées avec HYDRUS-1D pouvaient effectivement servir de données de validation, nous montrons que les modèles spatialisés testés permettent d'estimer l'ETR à l'échelle journalière avec une précision satisfaisante, le modèle S-SEBI, pourtant plus empirique, donnant de meilleurs résultats que le modèle WDI (RMSE de 0.8 mm.j -1 et 1.1 mm.j -1 respectivement). Nous montrons que ces approches de spatialisation sont sensibles aux conditions expérimentales considérées (champs d'étude spatial pour le S-SEBI, vitesse du vent pour le WDI). Enfin, les résultats de spatialisation mettent en évidence d'importantes variabilités spatio-temporelles de l'ETR, 1998.

S. Roerink, After checking that local ET simulations obtained by the HYDRUS-1D approach were correctly simulated, we showed that S-SEBI and WDI spatialized models allowed to estimate ET with satisfactory accuracies. The more empiric S-SEBI model produced better results than the WDI model (RMSE about 0.8 mm.d -1 and 1.1 mm.d -1 respectively). Further, the sensibility study showed that these spatialisation approaches were sensitive to experimental conditions, (spatial extent for S-SEBI and wind speed for WDI). Finally, these spatialisation results depicted for important ET spatio-temporal variability over the Peyne watershed, Mots-clés : spatialisation, évapotranspiration, télédétection, bassin versant méditerranéen, vigne, IR thermique. ABSTRACT Vineyard hydric status is recognized as an essential factor for wine-producing. At the field scale, research work allowed to develop different methods for hydric status characterization, 1998.