. Reardon and . Timmer-;-reardon, Graphique 10.4. Les ménages avec des migrants de retour dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire sont plus susceptibles de compter des travailleurs indépendants dans des secteurs non-agricoles que les ménages sans migrants de retour, d'attention aux interventions qui aectent les organisations et relations entre agents sur ces marchés agricoles. Ceci est d'autant plus important dans le contexte actuel de changement rapide des lières agro-industrielles dans les PED

F. Libois, A. Suwa-eisenmann, and . De-l'huile-de-palme-en-indonésie, Ventes et achats réalisés sur Internet, par secteur d'activité, 2006. Pourcentage des entreprises de dix salariés ou plus par secteur d'activité & Ventes et achats réalisés sur Internet, par secteur d'activité, 2006. Pourcentage des entreprises de dix sal

M. Macchiavello, Accès et utilisation des TIC par les ménages et les individus, Bustos et al. 2016), ainsi que les eets des opportunités économiques et de contraintes de diérentes natures sur les décisions de migrations des ménages, 2017.

, Les migrations de travail et les migrations dans le cadre de la libre circulation dans l'objectif de travailler, évolution entre le niveau moyen en 2007-11 et le niveau en 2012 dans quelques pays européens de l'OCDE, 2014.

, Les formations en entrepreneuriat et en gestion sont offertes dans moins de la moitié des communautés de l'échantillon, 2017.

S. Mnif, L?impact des Changements Technologiques sur les Inégalités des Revenus dans les Pays en Développement: Analyse Empirique sur Données de Panel, La Revue Gestion et Organisation, vol.7, issue.1, pp.23-32, 2015.

A. Abdulkadiroglu, J. Angrist, and P. Pathak, The Elite Illusion: Achievement Effects at Boston and New York Exam Schools, Econometrica, vol.82, issue.1, p.137196, 2011.

D. Acemoglu, When Does Labor Scarcity Encourage Innovation?, Journal of Political Economy, vol.118, issue.6, pp.1037-1078, 2010.

A. Aizer and J. Currie, Networks or neighborhoods? Correlations in the use of publicly-funded maternity care in California, Journal of Public Economics, vol.88, issue.12, pp.2573-2585, 2004.

H. Alderman, Attributing technological bias to public goods, Journal of Development Economics, vol.14, issue.3, pp.375-393, 1984.

A. Alesina and G. Angeletos, Fairness and Redistribution, American Economic Review, vol.95, issue.4, pp.960-980, 2005.

D. A. Ali, K. Deininger, and M. Goldstein, Environmental and gender impacts of land tenure regularization in Africa: Pilot evidence from Rwanda, Journal of Development Economics, vol.110, pp.262-275, 2014.

J. R. Anderson and G. Feder, Chapter 44 Agricultural Extension, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, vol.3, pp.2343-2378, 2007.

M. Angelucci and G. De-giorgi, Indirect Effects of an Aid Program: How Do Cash Transfers Affect Ineligibles' Consumption?, American Economic Review, vol.99, issue.1, pp.486-508, 2009.

J. D. Angrist and J. Pischke, The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design is Taking the Con out of Econometrics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.24, issue.2, pp.3-30, 2010.

P. Arcidiacono, V. J. Hotz, A. Maurel, and T. Romano, Recovering Ex Ante Returns and Preferences for Occupations using Subjective Expectations Data, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014.

R. J. Arneson, Equality and equal opportunity for welfare, Philosophical Studies, vol.56, issue.1, pp.77-93, 1989.

N. Ashraf, O. Bandiera, and B. K. Jack, No margin, no mission? A field experiment on incentives for public service delivery, Journal of Public Economics, vol.120, pp.1-17, 2014.

N. Ashraf, X. Giné, and D. Karlan, Finding Missing Markets (and a Disturbing Epilogue): Evidence from an Export Crop Adoption and Marketing Intervention in Kenya, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.91, issue.4, pp.973-990, 2009.

S. Athey and G. W. Imbens, The State of Applied Econometrics: Causality and Policy Evaluation, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.31, issue.2, pp.3-32, 2017.

A. B. Atkinson and J. E. Stiglitz, A New View of Technological Change, The Economic Journal, vol.79, issue.315, p.573, 1969.

S. Baird, C. Mcintosh, and B. Ozler, Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.126, issue.4, pp.1709-1753, 2011.

A. Banerjee, R. Banerji, J. Berry, E. Duflo, H. Kannan et al., Mainstreaming an Effective Intervention: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations of ?Teaching at the Right Level? in India, 2016.

A. Banerjee, D. Karlan, and J. Zinman, Six Randomized Evaluations of Microcredit: Introduction and Further Steps, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-21, 2015.

A. V. Banerjee and E. Duflo, The Experimental Approach to Development Economics, Annual Review of Economics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.151-178, 2009.

W. Bank, Overview, World Development Report 2006, pp.1-17, 2005.

W. Bank, World Development Report 2008 (Overview), 2007.

S. Basu and D. N. Weil, Appropriate Technology and Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.113, issue.4, pp.1025-1054, 1998.

L. Beaman, D. Karlan, B. Thuysbaert, and C. Udry, Profitability of Fertilizer: Experimental Evidence from Female Rice Farmers in Mali, American Economic Review, vol.103, issue.3, p.381386, 2013.

K. Bedard and C. Ferrall, Wage and test score dispersion: some international evidence, Economics of Education Review, vol.22, issue.1, pp.31-43, 2003.

L. Behaghel, Habilitations à diriger des recherches, École pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses, issue.127, 2020.

J. R. Behrman, S. W. Parker, and P. E. Todd, Do Conditional Cash Transfers for Schooling Generate Lasting Benefits?: A Five-Year Followup of PROGRESA/Oportunidades, Journal of Human Resources, vol.46, issue.1, pp.203-236, 2011.

T. Bernard, M. Frolich, A. Landmann, P. N. Unte, A. Viceisza et al., Building Trust in Rural Producer Organizations in Senegal : Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial, IZA Discussion Papers, vol.9207, 2015.

M. Bertrand, E. F. Luttmer, and S. Mullainathan, Network Effects and Welfare Cultures*, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.115, issue.3, pp.1019-1055, 2000.

C. Blattman and E. Miguel, Civil War, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.48, issue.1, pp.3-57, 2010.

F. D. Blau and L. M. Kahn, Do Cognitive Test Scores Explain Higher U.S. Wage Inequality?, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.87, issue.1, pp.184-193, 2005.

M. Bobba and J. Gignoux, Neighborhood Effects in Integrated Social Policies, The World Bank Economic Review, vol.33, issue.1, pp.116-139, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01872288

G. J. Bobonis and F. Finan, Neighborhood Peer Effects in Secondary School Enrollment Decisions, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.91, issue.4, pp.695-716, 2009.

G. Borker, Safety First : Perceived Risk of Street Harassment and Educational Choices of Women. Working paper, 2017.

F. Bourguignon, Decomposable Income Inequality Measures, Econometrica, vol.47, issue.4, p.901, 1979.

F. Bourguignon, F. H. Ferreira, and M. Menéndez, INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY IN BRAZIL, Review of Income and Wealth, vol.53, issue.4, pp.585-618, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754189

G. Brown, J. Micklewright, S. V. Schnepf, and R. Waldmann, International surveys of educational achievement: how robust are the findings?, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), vol.170, issue.3, pp.623-646, 2007.

G. Bryan, S. Chowdhury, and A. M. Mobarak, Underinvestment in a Profitable Technology: The Case of Seasonal Migration in Bangladesh, Econometrica, vol.82, issue.5, pp.1671-1748, 2014.

S. A. Bui, S. G. Craig, and S. A. Imberman, Is Gifted Education a Bright Idea? Assessing the Impact of Gifted and Talented Programs on Achievement, 2011.

P. Bustos, B. Caprettini, and J. Ponticelli, Agricultural Productivity and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Brazil, American Economic Review, vol.106, issue.6, pp.1320-1365, 2016.

M. R. Carter and C. B. Barrett, The economics of poverty traps and persistent poverty: An asset-based approach, Journal of Development Studies, vol.42, issue.2, pp.178-199, 2006.

M. R. Carter, R. Laajaj, and D. Yang, The Impact of Voucher Coupons on the Uptake of Fertilizer and Improved Seeds: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Mozambique, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.95, issue.5, pp.1345-1351, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00979120

L. Casaburi and R. Macchiavello, Loyalty, Exit, and Enforcement: Evidence from a Kenya Dairy Cooperative, American Economic Review, vol.105, issue.5, pp.286-290, 2015.

L. Casaburi and T. Reed, The Efficiency Impact of Open Access Competition in Rail Markets, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, 2016.

Y. Chen and L. Zhou, The long-term health and economic consequences of the 1959?1961 famine in China, Journal of Health Economics, vol.26, issue.4, pp.659-681, 2007.

D. Clark, Selective Schools and Academic Achievement, The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, vol.10, issue.1, p.138, 2010.

D. Clark and E. Del-bono, The Long-Run Effects of Attending an Elite School: Evidence from the United Kingdom, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.8, issue.1, pp.150-176, 2016.

D. Cogneau and J. Gignoux, Earnings inequalities and educational mobility in Brazil over two decades, Poverty, Inequality and Policy in Latin America, p.4784, 2009.

G. A. Cohen, On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, Ethics, vol.99, issue.4, pp.906-944, 1989.

W. M. Corden and J. P. Neary, Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy, The Economic Journal, vol.92, issue.368, p.825, 1982.

B. Crépon, E. Duflo, M. Gurgand, R. Rathelot, and P. Zamora, Do Labor Market Policies have Displacement Effects? Evidence from a Clustered Randomized Experiment *, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.128, issue.2, pp.531-580, 2013.

J. B. Cullen, B. A. Jacob, and S. Levitt, The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries, Econometrica, vol.74, issue.5, pp.1191-1230, 2006.

B. O. Daponte, S. Sanders, and L. Taylor, Why Do Low-Income Households not Use Food Stamps? Evidence from an Experiment, The Journal of Human Resources, vol.34, issue.3, p.612, 1999.

A. De-janvry, E. Sadoulet, E. Kyle, and M. Dar, L?adoption des technologies agricoles : quelles leçons tirer des expérimentations de terrain ?, Revue d'économie du développement, vol.23, issue.4, p.129, 2015.

A. De-janvry, E. Sadoulet, and T. Suri, Field Experiments in Developing Country Agriculture, Handbook of Economic Field Experiments, vol.2, pp.427-466, 2017.

A. Deaton, Price elasticities from survey data, Journal of Econometrics, vol.44, issue.3, pp.281-309, 1990.

D. J. Deming, J. S. Hastings, T. J. Kane, and D. O. Staiger, School Choice, School Quality and Postsecondary Attainment, American Economic Review, vol.104, issue.3, p.9911013, 2011.

S. Dercon and D. Gollin, Agriculture in African Development: Theories and Strategies, Annual Review of Resource Economics, vol.6, issue.1, pp.471-492, 2014.

T. Deryugina, L. Kawano, and S. Levitt, The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns, 2014.

J. Dinardo, N. M. Fortin, and T. Lemieux, Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach, Econometrica, vol.64, issue.5, p.10011044, 1995.

W. Ding and S. F. Lehrer, Do Peers Affect Student Achievement in China's Secondary Schools?, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.89, issue.2, pp.300-312, 2007.

W. Dobbie and R. G. Fryer, The Impact of Attending a School with High-Achieving Peers: Evidence from the New York City Exam Schools, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.6, issue.3, pp.58-75, 2014.

E. Duo, M. Kremer, R. , and J. , Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer : Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya, American Economic Review, vol.101, issue.6, p.23502390, 2011.

R. Dworkin, Equality, Luck and Hierarchy, Philosophy <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Public Affairs, vol.31, issue.2, pp.190-198, 2003.

R. Edwards, Sustaining the economic expansion in New Zealand, 2015.

K. Emerick, A. De-janvry, E. Sadoulet, and M. H. Dar, Technological Innovations, Downside Risk, and the Modernization of Agriculture, American Economic Review, vol.106, issue.6, pp.1537-1561, 2016.

E. R. Engdahl and A. Villaseñor, 41 Global seismicity: 1900?1999, International Geophysics, pp.665-XVI, 2002.

L. Ersado and J. Gignoux, Egypt: inequality of opportunity in education, Middle East Development Journal, vol.9, issue.1, pp.22-54, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02628439

R. Estrada and J. Gignoux, Benefits to elite schools and the expected returns to education: Evidence from Mexico City, European Economic Review, vol.95, pp.168-194, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00951763

R. E. Evenson and K. O. Fuglie, Technology capital: the price of admission to the growth club, Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol.33, issue.3, pp.173-190, 2009.

F. H. Ferreira, J. Gignoux, and M. Aran, Measuring inequality of opportunity with imperfect data: the case of Turkey, The Journal of Economic Inequality, vol.9, issue.4, pp.651-680, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754497

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, Inequality of Opportunity for Education, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754838

F. H. Ferreira, A. Fruttero, P. G. Leite, and L. R. Lucchetti, Rising Food Prices and Household Welfare: Evidence from Brazil in 2008, Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.64, issue.1, pp.151-176, 2012.

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, THE MEASUREMENT OF INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: THEORY AND AN APPLICATION TO LATIN AMERICA, Review of Income and Wealth, vol.57, issue.4, pp.622-657, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754503

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, The Measurement of Educational Inequality: Achievement and Opportunity1, The World Bank Economic Review, vol.28, issue.2, pp.210-246, 2013.

F. H. Ferreira and V. Peragine, Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Evidence, Policy Research Working Paper Series, vol.7217, 2015.

A. Fiszbein and N. R. Schady, Conditional Cash Transfers, 2009.

M. Fleurbaey, Fairness, Responsibility and Welfare, 2008.

A. D. Foster and M. R. Rosenzweig, Learning by Doing and Learning from Others: Human Capital and Technical Change in Agriculture, Journal of Political Economy, vol.103, issue.6, pp.1176-1209, 1995.

A. D. Foster and M. R. Rosenzweig, Technological change and the distribution of schooling: evidence from green-revolution India, Journal of Development Economics, vol.74, issue.1, pp.87-111, 2004.

A. D. Foster and M. R. Rosenzweig, Microeconomics of Technology Adoption, Annual Review of Economics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.395-424, 2010.

J. Friedman and J. Levinsohn, The Distributional Impacts of Indonesia's Financial Crisis on Household Welfare: A "Rapid Response" Methodology, Methodology. World Bank Economic Review, vol.16, issue.3, p.397423, 2001.

J. Gignoux, Évaluations ex ante et ex post d'un programme d'allocations scolaires conditionnées au Mexique, Économie & prévision, vol.n° 174, issue.3, p.59, 2006.

J. Gignoux, K. Macours, and L. Wren-lewis, Impact of land administration programs on agricultural productivity and rural development: existing evidence, challenges and new approaches, Revue d?Études en Agriculture et Environnement, vol.96, issue.03, pp.467-498, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02636303

J. Gignoux and M. Menéndez, Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long-run effects of earthquakes on welfare in rural Indonesia, Journal of Development Economics, vol.118, pp.26-44, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01617385

P. K. Goldberg and N. Pavcnik, Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.45, issue.1, pp.39-82, 2007.

M. P. Goldstein, K. Houngbedji, F. Kondylis, M. B. O'sullivan, and H. Selod, Formalizing Rural Land Rights in West Africa: Early Evidence from a Randomized Impact Evaluation in Benin, Policy Research Working Paper Series, vol.7435, 2015.

D. Gollin, D. Lagakos, and M. E. Waugh, The Agricultural Productivity Gap *, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.129, issue.2, pp.939-993, 2013.

D. Gollin, S. Parente, and R. Rogerson, The Role of Agriculture in Development, American Economic Review, vol.92, issue.2, pp.160-164, 2002.

D. Gollin and R. Rogerson, Productivity, transport costs and subsistence agriculture, Journal of Development Economics, vol.107, pp.38-48, 2014.

R. Hanna, S. Mullainathan, and J. Schwartzstein, Learning Through Noticing: Theory and Evidence from a Field Experiment *, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.129, issue.3, pp.1311-1353, 2014.

E. A. Hanushek and L. W?ößmann, Does Educational Tracking Affect Performance and Inequality? Differences? in?Differences Evidence Across Countries, The Economic Journal, vol.116, issue.510, pp.C63-C76, 2006.

J. H. Hicks, M. Kleemans, N. Y. Li, and E. Miguel, Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata, 2017.

R. Hornbeck and S. Naidu, When the Levee Breaks: Black Migration and Economic Development in the American South, American Economic Review, vol.104, issue.3, pp.963-990, 2014.

G. W. Imbens, Better LATE Than Nothing: Some Comments on Deaton (2009) and Heckman and Urzua (2009), Better LATE Than Nothing : Some Comments on Deaton (2009) and Heckman and Urzua, vol.48, p.399423, 2009.

G. W. Imbens and J. D. Angrist, Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects, Econometrica, vol.62, issue.2, p.467, 1994.

B. K. Jack, Does information on agricultural technology encourage adoption?, 2017.

K. Jack and . Berkeley, Does information on agricultural technology encourage adoption?, 2017.

C. K. Jackson, Do students benet from attending better schools ? evidence from rule-based student assignments in trinidad and tobago, Economic Journal, vol.120, issue.549, p.13991429, 2010.

T. S. Jayne and S. Rashid, Input subsidy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of recent evidence, Agricultural Economics, vol.44, issue.6, pp.547-562, 2013.

R. Jensen, The (Perceived) Returns to Education and the Demand for Schooling*, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.125, issue.2, pp.515-548, 2010.

B. F. Johnston and J. W. Mellor, The role of agriculture in economic development, The American Economic Review, vol.51, issue.4, p.566593, 1961.

D. Jorgenson, SURPLUS AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DUAL ECONOMY, Oxford Economic Papers, vol.19, issue.3, pp.288-312, 1967.

D. Karlan, R. D. Osei, I. Osei-akoto, and C. Udry, Agricultural Decisions after Relaxing Credit and Risk Constraints, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.129, issue.2, p.597652, 2012.

L. F. Katz, J. R. Kling, and J. B. Liebman, Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.116, issue.2, p.607654, 2000.

K. Kis-katos and R. Sparrow, Poverty, labor markets and trade liberalization in Indonesia, Journal of Development Economics, vol.117, pp.94-106, 2015.

P. Kongsamut, S. Rebelo, and D. Xie, Beyond Balanced Growth, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.68, issue.4, pp.869-882, 2001.

D. Lagakos and M. E. Waugh, Selection, Agriculture, and Cross-Country Productivity Differences, American Economic Review, vol.103, issue.2, pp.948-980, 2013.

R. Lalive and M. A. Cattaneo, Social Interactions and Schooling Decisions, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.91, issue.3, pp.457-477, 2009.

D. Lam and D. Levison, Declining inequality in schooling in Brazil and its effects on inequality in earnings, Journal of Development Economics, vol.37, issue.1-2, pp.199-225, 1991.

G. Leon, Civil Conict and Human Capital Accumulation : The Long-term Eects of Political Violence in PerÃ o, Journal of Human Resources, vol.47, issue.4, p.9911022, 2012.

M. Lipton, Urban bias and food policy in poor countries, Food Policy, vol.1, issue.1, pp.41-52, 1975.

A. M. Lucas and I. M. Mbiti, Effects of School Quality on Student Achievement: Discontinuity Evidence from Kenya, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.6, issue.3, pp.234-263, 2014.

R. Macchiavello and A. Morjaria, The Value of Relationships: Evidence from a Supply Shock to Kenyan Rose Exports, American Economic Review, vol.105, issue.9, pp.2911-2945, 2015.

S. Maccini and D. Yang, Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall, American Economic Review, vol.99, issue.3, pp.1006-1026, 2009.

G. N. Marks, Cross-National Differences and Accounting for Social Class Inequalities in Education, International Sociology, vol.20, issue.4, pp.483-505, 2005.

G. A. Marrero and J. G. Rodríguez, Inequality of opportunity and growth, Journal of Development Economics, vol.104, pp.107-122, 2013.

K. Matsuyama, Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth, Journal of Economic Theory, vol.58, issue.2, pp.317-334, 1992.

D. Mckenzie, Measuring inequality with asset indicators, Journal of Population Economics, vol.18, issue.2, pp.229-260, 2005.

J. Micklewright and S. V. Schnepf, Inequality of Learning in Industrialised Countries, 2006.

E. Miguel and G. Roland, The long-run impact of bombing Vietnam, Journal of Development Economics, vol.96, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2011.

N. Minot and T. Benson, Fertilizer subsidies in Africa : Are vouchers the answer ? Issue briefs 60, 2009.

K. Munshi, Social learning in a heterogeneous population: technology diffusion in the Indian Green Revolution, Journal of Development Economics, vol.73, issue.1, pp.185-213, 2004.

K. Munshi and M. Rosenzweig, Networks and Misallocation: Insurance, Migration, and the Rural-Urban Wage Gap, American Economic Review, vol.106, issue.1, pp.46-98, 2016.

K. M. Murphy, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny, Income Distribution, Market Size, and Industrialization, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.104, issue.3, p.537, 1989.

L. R. Ngai and C. A. Pissarides, Structural Change in a Multisector Model of Growth, American Economic Review, vol.97, issue.1, pp.429-443, 2007.

A. Nicita, The price effect of tariff liberalization: Measuring the impact on household welfare, Journal of Development Economics, vol.89, issue.1, pp.19-27, 2009.

S. W. Parker and P. E. Todd, Conditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Progresa/Oportunidades, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.55, issue.3, pp.866-915, 2017.

. Oportunidades, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.55, issue.3, p.866915

C. Pop-eleches and M. Urquiola, Going to a Better School: Effects and Behavioral Responses, American Economic Review, vol.103, issue.4, pp.1289-1324, 2013.

G. G. Porto, Using survey data to assess the distributional effects of trade policy, Journal of International Economics, vol.70, issue.1, pp.140-160, 2006.

G. Psacharopoulos, Returns to investment in education: A global update, World Development, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1325-1343, 1994.

R. Glennerster and T. S. , Genetic Variability, Distance and Traits Interrelationship Analysis of Nerica and Inpari Rice Varieties, Scientia Agriculturae, vol.10, issue.1, 2015.

M. Ravaillon, The Economics of Poverty : History, Measurement, and Policy, 2016.

M. Ravallion, RURAL WELFARE EFFECTS OF FOOD PRICE CHANGES UNDER INDUCED WAGE RESPONSES: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FOR BANGLADESH, Oxford Economic Papers, vol.42, issue.3, pp.574-585, 1990.

T. Reardon, C. B. Barrett, J. A. Berdegué, and J. F. Swinnen, Agrifood Industry Transformation and Small Farmers in Developing Countries, World Development, vol.37, issue.11, pp.1717-1727, 2009.

T. Reardon and C. P. Timmer, Chapter 55 Transformation of Markets for Agricultural Output in Developing Countries Since 1950: How Has Thinking Changed?, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, vol.3, pp.2807-2855, 2007.

D. Rodrik, Premature deindustrialization, Journal of Economic Growth, vol.21, issue.1, pp.1-33, 2015.

J. Roemer, Equality of Opportunity, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2012 Version
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446191

M. Rosenzweig and C. Udry, External Validity in a Stochastic World, 2016.

G. Solon, Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market, Handbook of Labor Economics, vol.3, pp.1761-1800, 1999.

P. Topalova and A. Khandelwal, Trade Liberalization and Firm Productivity: The Case of India, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.93, issue.3, pp.995-1009, 2011.

H. Toya and M. Skidmore, Economic development and the impacts of natural disasters, Economics Letters, vol.94, issue.1, pp.20-25, 2007.

C. Udry, The economics of agriculture in Africa : Notes toward a research program, African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol.5, issue.1, 2010.

U. Marchand and B. , Tari pass-through and the distributional eects of trade liberalization, Journal of Development Economics, vol.99, issue.2, p.265281, 2012.

D. Van-de-gaer, E. Schokkaert, and M. Martinez, Three Meanings of Intergenerational Mobility, Economica, vol.68, issue.272, p.519537, 2001.

H. R. Varian, Big data : New tricks for econometrics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.28, issue.2, p.328, 2014.

H. H. Wang, Y. Wang, and M. S. Delgado, The Transition to Modern Agriculture : Contract Farming in Developing Economies, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.96, issue.5, p.12571271, 2014.

M. Wiswall and B. Zafar, How Do College Students Respond to Public Information about Earnings ?, Journal of Human Capital, vol.9, issue.2, p.169, 2015.

G. Wright, Cheap Labor and Southern Textiles before 1880, 655680. Bibliographie : travaux personnels et, vol.39, 1979.

R. Estrada and J. Gignoux, Benets to elite schools and the expected returns to education : Evidence from Mexico City, European Economic Review, vol.95, issue.C, pp.168-194, 2017.

L. Ersado and J. Gignoux, Egypt : inequality of opportunity in education, Middle East Development Journal, vol.9, issue.1, pp.22-54, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02628439

M. Bobba and J. Gignoux, Neighborhood Effects in Integrated Social Policies, The World Bank Economic Review, vol.33, issue.1, pp.116-139, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01872288

J. Gignoux and M. Menendez, Benet in the wake of disaster : Long-run eects of earthquakes on welfare in rural Indonesia, Journal of Development Economics, vol.118, issue.C, pp.26-44, 2016.

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, The Measurement of Educational Inequality: Achievement and Opportunity1, The World Bank Economic Review, vol.28, issue.2, pp.210-246, 2013.

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, Inequality of Opportunity for Education, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754838

D. Cogneau and J. Gignoux, Earnings inequalities and educational mobility in Brazil over two decades, Poverty, Inequality and Policy in Latin America, pp.47-84, 2009.

J. Gignoux, Évaluations ex ante et ex post d'un programme d'allocations scolaires conditionnées au Mexique, Économie & prévision, vol.174, issue.3, pp.59-85, 2006.

, Atteindre l'excellence dans le travail des institutions supérieures de contrôle, 2005.

J. Gignoux, K. Macours, D. Stein, and K. Wright, Agricultural input subsidies, credit constraints and aid expectations : evidence from Haïti, 2017.

A. Bonargent, M. Menendez, J. Gignoux, and A. Suwa-eisenmann, Trade liberalization in times of rising food prices : Evidence from Indonesia during the, 2000.

J. Gignoux and A. Suwa-eisenmann, The regional impact of trade liberalization on households in Egypt, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01941280

, Liste alphabétique des renvois aux chapitres et sous-chapitres, Urgences psychiatriques, pp.673-675, 2008.

F. H. Ferreira and J. Gignoux, Inequality of Opportunity for Education, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00754838

H. G. Cisco and . Ferreira, Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World, Commission on Growth and Development, pp.131-156, 2010.

, Évolution de la coopération dans les publications scientiques, 1985-2007, Autres publications scientiques, 2010.

, Conclusions et conséquences pour l'élaboration des politiques, Renforcer le secteur privé dans les pays en développement, pp.125-149, 2006.

. Uraz, Turkey, p.2505, 2009.

E. Etudiants, B. Guillaume, C. Pauline, and F. Aldéric, Graphique 15. Part des jeunes ni étudiants, ni en emploi et ni en formation, Economic Determinants of Internal Migrations in Indonesia, pp.2016-2033

M. Li, Shaken to the core ? The impact of earthquakes on agricultural risk in, pp.2014-2029

. Indonesia, . Zahra-binta, and . Diop, Are agricultural input subsidies substitutes to rural migration policies ? A case study of the Zambian Fertilizer, pp.2013-2027

, We Are Human at the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time, Indigenous Literatures from Micronesia, pp.263-263, 2019.

A. Bonargent, Fertiliser subsidies in Indonesia, 1990-2010, pp.2012-2025, 2012.

O. Bertelli, CONFLICT IN CONTEXT, Parental conflict, pp.1-12

C. Lacan, Consumption patterns and import dependence in Indonesia, pp.2011-2023

M. Nakahodo, Agricultural development and rural poverty in Brazil : analysis of the distribution of rural earnings and employment driven by variations in agricultural prices, pp.2010-2021

S. Sakalli, Intra-Household Resource Allocation and Within-Household Spill-over, pp.2010-2021

R. Estrada, Figure 3.2. Impact de l'émigration sur l'offre de main-d'?uvre au Mexique, par niveau d'études (émigrants en pourcentage des travailleurs au Mexique), thèse dirigée par Marc Gurgand)