The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence - INRAE - Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement
Journal Articles Genome Biology Year : 2016

The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence

Sebastian Eves-van Den Akker
  • Function : Author
Dominik R. Laetsch
  • Function : Author
Peter Thorpe
  • Function : Author
Catherine J. Lilley
  • Function : Author
Etienne G. J. Danchin
Corinne Rancurel
Nancy E. Holroyd
  • Function : Author
James A. Cotton
  • Function : Author
Amir Szitenberg
  • Function : Author
Benjamin Mimee
  • Function : Author
Marc-Olivier Duceppe
  • Function : Author
Ian Boyes
  • Function : Author
Jessica M. C. Marvin
  • Function : Author
Laura M. Jones
  • Function : Author
Hazijah B. Yusup
  • Function : Author
Joel Lafond-Lapalme
  • Function : Author
Michael Sabeh
  • Function : Author
Michael Rott
  • Function : Author
Hein Overmars
  • Function : Author
Anna Finkers-Tomczak
  • Function : Author
Geert Smant
  • Function : Author
Georgios Koutsovoulos
  • Function : Author
Vivian Blok
  • Function : Author
Sophie Mantelin
Peter J. A. Cock
  • Function : Author
Wendy Phillips
  • Function : Author
Peter E. Urwin
  • Function : Author
Mark Blaxter
  • Function : Author
John T. Jones
  • Function : Author

Abstract

Background: The yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a devastating plant pathogen of global economic importance. This biotrophic parasite secretes effectors from pharyngeal glands, some of which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, to manipulate host processes and promote parasitism. G. rostochiensis is classified into pathotypes with different plant resistance-breaking phenotypes.Results: We generate a high quality genome assembly for G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, identify putative effectors and horizontal gene transfer events, map gene expression through the life cycle focusing on key parasitic transitions and sequence the genomes of eight populations including four additional pathotypes to identify variation. Horizontal gene transfer contributes 3.5 % of the predicted genes, of which approximately 8.5 % are deployed as effectors. Over one-third of all effector genes are clustered in 21 putative ‘effector islands’ in the genome. We identify a dorsal gland promoter element motif (termed DOG Box) present upstream in representatives from 26 out of 28 dorsal gland effector families, and predict a putative effector superset associated with this motif. We validate gland cell expression in two novel genes by in situ hybridisation and catalogue dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors from available cyst nematode genomes. Comparison of effector diversity between pathotypes highlights correlation with plant resistance-breaking.Conclusions: These G. rostochiensis genome resources will facilitate major advances in understanding nematode plant-parasitism. Dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors are at the front line of the evolutionary arms race between plant and parasite and the ability to predict gland cell expression a priori promises rapid advances in understanding their roles and mechanisms of action.
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Dates and versions

hal-01439090 , version 1 (26-09-2017)

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Sebastian Eves-van Den Akker, Dominik R. Laetsch, Peter Thorpe, Catherine J. Lilley, Etienne G. J. Danchin, et al.. The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence. Genome Biology, 2016, 17 (1), pp.1-23. ⟨10.1186/s13059-016-0985-1⟩. ⟨hal-01439090⟩
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