browse-meta - Archive ouverte HAL

"Grenelle de l'environnement: Acteurs, discours, effets", Programme CDE du Ministere de l'environnement. 1

'Agence française de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (Ademe, convention n° 07 10 C 0019), projet climencored 1

07/061, ministere de la santé français 1

1000143, MR/M012190/1; Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

179 2017SGR1085 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Wellcome Trust, WT: 205212/Z/16/Z National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C570/A11692, C570/A16491 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF European Commission, EC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01EO1303 Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR Ligue Contre le Cancer Vetenskapsrådet, VR NordForsk Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: ERC2009‐AdG 232997, PI13/00061, PI13/01162, PI14/01219, PI17/01280 Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF 1

1999SGR 00241; 15/0025, 17/00260, 20/0006, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338, FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151, FIS-PI11/00610; MC_UU_00011/5; National Institutes of Health, NIH: R37 HD034568; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK: R01 DK10324; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS: 06A1, 1 UO1 NS 047537–01; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS: N01-ES-75558, Z01-ES-49019; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED: JPMH18950314, JPMH19188595; Wellcome Trust, WT: 102215/2/13/2; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 874583; Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5, MC_UU_12013_8, WT088806; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC: BB/I025263/1, BB/I025751/1; European Commission, EC: 261357; European Research Council, ERC: 268479; University of Bristol; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: JP15H04780, JP16H02645, JP18H03035, JP18K10022, JP18K10042, JP19H01071, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP19K20457, JP19K22730, JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Generalitat Valenciana, GVA: 090,430, BEST/2020/059; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW: JPMH14427175, JPMH17932352, JPMH19189425; Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet; Ministry of Environment, MOE: 2017001360005; Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, KEITI; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: CB06/02/0041, INMA G03/176; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN: MTM2015-68140-R; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: R01HL111108, R01NR013945; Norges Forskningsråd: 221097; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa; Horizon 2020: 733206; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, MIC: JPMI10001; Consejería de Educación e Investigación 1

2018-1-PL SHS-06-CIRC-1 LSHM_CT_2006_037197 HEALTH24 F2-2012-279233 PI13/00061, PI13/01162 2018-123 RD06/0020 G0800270, MR/ L003120/1 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, IARC National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 British Heart Foundation, BHF: 26 RG/08/014, RG13/ 13/30194, SP/09/002 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF European Commission, EC European Research Council, ERC: 268834 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Vetenskapsrådet, VR Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: GR-IARC-2003-09-12-01 Direction Générale de la Compétitivité, de l’Industrie et des Services, DGCIS Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe 1

2102 918823 Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006 Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: INCa_13539 Ligue Contre le Cancer 1

2102 918823; NCT03285230; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: INCa_13539; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN 1

2103 586016, ANR-10-COHO-0006; World Health Organization, WHO; Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM: ECO201906009060; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

223268/F50Norges ForskningsrÃ¥dInternational Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA K41013 1

43, American College of Toxicology 1

6236, PI13/00061, PI13/01162 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, IARC Stand Up To Cancer, SU2C National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: 1000143, MR/M012190/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C570/A16491, C8221/A19170 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF European Commission, EC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Vetenskapsrådet, VR Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Fondation Gustave Roussy Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF 1

6e PCRD de la Commission européenne 1

A grant from l’Association pour le Développement de la Réanimation (ADR, Nantes). 1

A. S.-M. was supported by a "Chaire d'excellence, 2004" award from the French Ministry of Research. The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; the British Heart Foundation; the Health and Safety Executive; the Department of Health; the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant HL36310); the US National Institute on Aging; the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (grant HS06516); and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health. M. M. was supported by a Medical Research Council research professorship. 1

ADEME 21

ADEME (Agence pour le développement et la maîtrise de l'énergie) Programme SBSS Sciences biomédicales-santé-société (INSERM-CNRS) ATC Environnement santé du Ministère de la recherche Programme "Analyse des discours de santé publique" MSH Bretagne 1

ADEME (N TEZ17-42) 1

ADEME (Programme déchets et sociétés) 1

ADEME / PUCA 1

ADEME Appel à projet de recherche : MODEVAL-URBA 2014 N° de contrat : 1416C0004 1

ADEME, PUCA, LabEx AE&CC 2

ADEME, Programme Déchets et Société 1

ADEME, Programme PRIMEQUAL 1

ADEME, UGA, CNRS, GEM, CEA 1

ADEME, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA-Tech, Grenoble Ecole de Management 1

ADEME, programme "observation de la recherche sur le développement durable de la ville" 1

ADEME-ENAFILIA 1

ADEME. Appel à projet de recherche GRAINE 2016. Contrat n°1703C0003 1

AESN 1

AF Centre of Excellence and FiDiPro programs [251314, 263246] 1

AFD 2

ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2 ) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website ( http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf ). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ( BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1 ). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol ( MC_UU_12013_1 , MC_UU_12013_2 , MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8 ), the Wellcome Trust ( WT088806 ) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( R01 DK10324 ). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit ( MC_UU_00011/5 ). 1

ALSPAC. ALSPAC study is extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. We would like to acknowledge Oliver Lyttleton, Hashem Shihab, Nabila Kazmi and Geoff Woodward for their earlier contribution to the generation of ARIES data (ALSPAC methylation data). INMA, The authors would like to thank all the participants for their generous collaboration. full roster of the INMA project investigators can be found at http://www.proyectoinma.org/presentacion-inma/listado-investigadores/en_listado-investigadores.html. MoBa, The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research. We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study. Project Viva, Project Viva researchers would like to thank all mothers, children and families for their ongoing participation. RHEA, The authors would like to thank Georgia Chalkiadaki and Danai Feida for biological sample management, to Eirini Michalaki, Mariza Kampouri, Anny Kyriklaki and Minas Iakovidis for field study performance and to Maria Fasoulaki for administrative assistance. SAPPORO-HOKKAIDO, We would like to express our appreciation to all of the study participants of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children? Health. We also express our profound gratitude to all personnel in the hospitals and clinics that collaborated with the study, including Sapporo Toho Hospital, Keiai Hospital, Endo Kikyo Maternity Clinic, Shiroishi Hospital, Memuro Municipal Hospital, Aoba Ladies Clinic, Obihiro-Kyokai Hospital, Akiyama Memorial Hospital, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Hoyukai Sapporo Hospital, Gorinbashi Hospital, Hashimoto Clinic, Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Ohji General Hospital, Nakashibetsu Municipal Hospital, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Wakkanai City Hospital, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Shibetsu City General Hospital, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kohnan Hospital, Hakodate City Hospital, Hokkaido Monbetsu Hospital, Tenshi Hospital, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Nakamura Hospital, Kin-ikyo Sapporo Hospital, Kitami Lady's Clinic, Engaru-Kosei General Hospital, Kushiro Red Cross Hospital, Nayoro City General Hospital, and Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital. We also deeply express our gratitude to the staff of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health for their considerable efforts to support our study, including N. Goto, O. Hayashi, T. Hikichi, N. Kanda, K. Kunita, K. Miura, Y. Shibasaki, K. Sugawara, K. Tanaka, E. Toyama, and T. Yoshikawa. Special thanks to Ms. Mimi Takahashi on her effort to support writing this manuscript.ALSPAC study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors, PY and CR, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). The Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomics Studies (ARIES), was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1). Additional epigenetic profiling of ALSPAC was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013_1, MC_UU_12013_2, MC_UU_12013_5 and MC_UU_12013_8), the Wellcome Trust (WT088806) and the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK10324). PY and CR are supported by the UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011/5).Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041), Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI04/1436, FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867, FIS-FEDER-PI03?1615, FIS-FEDER PI16/1288, FIS-FEDER PI19/1338; Miguel Servet FEDER 15/0025 and 20/0006; FIS-FSE: 17/00260), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059, Fundacio ? La Marato ? de TV3 (090,430), EU Commission (261357-MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council (268479-BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn).This study was supported by the Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through ?the Environmental Health Action Program?, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (2017001360005).The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558), NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537?01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537?06A1). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-49019) and Norwegian Research Council/BIOBANK (grant no 221097). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club, all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND).The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108, R01NR013945, and R37 HD034568.The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011?2014; ?Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012?2015). The work was also supported by MICINN (MTM2015-68140-R), Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020-EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE)).The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JPMH14427175, JPMH19189425, JPMH17932352); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JP16H02645, JP19H01071, JP18H03035, JP15H04780, JP19K10576, JP19K10636, JP18K10042, JP18K10022, JP19K22730, JP19K20457); and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund (JPMEERF20145054, JPMEERF20175053, JPMEERF20205002); AMED (JPMH19188595, JPMH18950314); and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (JPMI10001). 1

ANR 1

ANR-10-COHO-10-01 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP 1

ANR-13-CESA-0009 1

ANRU, Métropole Européenne de Lille 1

ANSES 1

ANSES EST call on Environmental and Occupational Health 1

ANSES PNREST 2020_1_245 (PESTINTER) 1

ANSP 1

AOM 03018 1

AOM 09 195; Amgen; Pfizer; Novartis; AbbVie; Meso Scale Diagnostics, MSD; Novartis Pharma; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; MSD France; Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé; Société Française de Dermatologie et de Pathologie Sexuellement Transmissible, SFD: JMD/MDM/177-11, NCT01617018; Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé, ANSM; LEO Pharma Research Foundation; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 1

APESA 1

ARS Normandie 1

ARS Réunion 1

AS-M is supported by the European Science Foundation and the French Ministry of Research. MM is supported by an MRC Research Professorship, MK by the Academy of Finland (grants 117604, 124322 and 124271) and MS by the British Heart Foundation. The Whitehall II study is supported by the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), National Institute on Aging; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation 1

Abbvie 1

Academy of Finland [206038, 121647] 1

Acknowledgements. This work benefited from the support of the project POLLUS-COPE ANR-15-CE22-0018 of the French National Research Agency (ANR). It has been also supported by the MASTER project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie-Slodowska Curie grant agreement N. 777695. 1

Agence Française de Développement 2

Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé 1

Agence National de la Recherche [ANR Blan06-2\₁39420] 1

Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales 1

Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail 2

Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé 1

Agence Nationale de la Recherche 3

Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Association Sorbonne UniversitÃ© Institut National de la SantÃ© et de la Recherche MÃ©dicale, Inserm 1

Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 654109 Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR 1

Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 777695 1

Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé 1

Agence Régionale de Santé Hauts-de-France 1

Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l' Energie (ADEME) 1

Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie (ADEME) 3

Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (ADEME) 1

Agence de la Biomédecine, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and "Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel" (AURA). H.D. is the recipient of a "Contrat d'Interface" from Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. 1

Agence française de développement 1

Agence française pour la biodiversité 1

Agence nationale de la recherche, the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie-CNAM, the Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique/Institut Thématique Santé Publique, the Ministère de la santé et des sports, the Ministère délégué à la recherche, the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, the Institut national du cancer and the Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l'autonomie. CONSTANCES is also partly funded by MSD and and L'Oréal through INSERM-Transfert. 1

Agence nationale pour la cohésion des territoires (ANCT) ; Banque des territoires de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations (CDC); Institut pour la recherche de la Caisse des dépôts et des consignations, du Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire ; DGALN / Plan Urbanisme, Construction et Architecture (PUCA) ; Union Sociale de l'Habitat (USH) 1

Agglomération Grand Dole 1

Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung 1

Allocation de recherche (années 2006, 2007, 2008) du Conseil Régional Rhône-Alpes à travers le programme Emergence (projet n°1267) 1

Amgen; Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS; Pfizer; AstraZeneca; Bayer; Roche; Sanofi; Meso Scale Diagnostics, MSD; Les Laboratories Pierre Fabre; MSD France; Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: PHRC-K 2019 Inca-DGOS_14333, PRT-K 2020–15324; Servier; Institut Servier 1

Anses 1

Anses (2015-CRD-29, 2018-CRD-20) 1

Appel à projet de recherche ADEME : MODEVAL-URBA 2014 - N° de contrat : 1416C0004 1

Appel à projets de recherche « égalité des chances à l’école », 2012, Direction de l’évaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP), le Défenseur des droits, et le Commissariat général à l’égalité des territoires (CGEt, Acsé) 1

Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris (APHP-CRC, FESFM) [01020, P010605] 1

Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 1

Association FranÃ§aise du Syndrome d'Ondine 1

Association Laurette Fugain 1

Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer 2

Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) 1

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Cancer Research UK, Grant/Award Numbers: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170; Cancerfonden; Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer; County Council of Skåne Sweden; County Council of Västerbotten Sweden; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Directorate‐General for Health and Consumers; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS); Dutch Prevention Funds; Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland); Health Research Fund (FIS‐ISCIII) Spain; Institut Gustave‐Roussy; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Kræftens Bekæmpelse; Ligue Contre le Cancer; LK Research Funds; Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: MC_UU_00011/6, MR/M012190/1; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale; National Research Council Italy; Netherlands Cancer Registry; Regional Government of Andalucía; Regional Government of Asturias; Regional Government of Basque Country; Regional Government of Murcia; Regional Government of Navarra; Statistics Netherlands; Vetenskapsrådet; World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); Institut Gustave Roussy; International Agency for Research on Cancer; European Commission (DG‐SANCO) Funding information 1

Astellas. 1

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: 1074383, 209057, 396414, GNT1163120; Cancer Council Victoria (Australia); Cancer Research UK, Grant/Award Numbers: C570/ A16491, C8221/A19170, C864/A14136; Catalan Institute of Oncology ‐ ICO (Spain); Danish Cancer Society; Deutsche Krebshilfe, the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; European Commission (Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs); Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education (Australia); French Ministry of Health, Grant/Award Number: Grant GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01; Health Research Fund (FIS) ‐ Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra; Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France); Italian Association for Research on Cancer and the National Research Council (Italy); Ligue Contre le Cancer (France); LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, the Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland; Medical Research Council (UK), Grant/Award Numbers: MC‐UU_12015/1, MR/M012190/1, MR/N003284/1; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (the Netherlands); Netherlands Cancer Registry; Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Stroke Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Department of Health, the Food Standards Agency and the Wellcome Trust (UK); Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Scientific Council and the Regional Government of Skåne (Sweden); the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); VicHealth (Australia); World Cancer Research Fund and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); the Institut Gustave Roussy Funding information 1

Authors would like to thank RIIDFCM CYTED (209RT0380) network for supporting collaborative research on development of bioactive metal-based compounds and RIDIMEDCHAG CYTED, and also the financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), PEst-OE/QUI/UI0100/2011 and CIÊNCIA2007, and the Portuguese NMR and Mass SpectrometryNetworks (IST-UTL Centers). The crystallographic work was supported by CONICET (PIP 1529), and by ANPCyT (PME06 2804 and PICT06 2315) of Argentina. G.A.E. and O.E.P are research fellows of CONICET. M.A.C. acknowledges the support of the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII; Innova Uruguay, Agreement No. DCI-ALA/2007/19.040 between Uruguay and the European Commission). AFMstudieswere supported byMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, CTQ2011-27929-C02-01) and performed by Rosa Brissos. M.F. acknowledges the support of the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII, Uruguay) grant iINI_X_2010_2_3105. 1

Avec le soutien de l'ADEME et de la Banque des territoire 1

Avec le soutien du ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (Direction de la musique et de la danse; Département de la chanson, des musiques traditionnelles et de la pratique amateur ; Direction de l'administration générale et de l'environnement culturel; Département des études et de la prospective), du ministère de l'Education nationale (Direction des lycées et collèges) et de l'Université Rennes II, Haute-Bretagne. 1

BQR Métropole européenne de Lille 1

BRGM/DEPA division 1

Borders 1

Bourse Georges Lurcy, Commission Franco-Américaine Fulbright d'Échanges universitaires et culturels 1

Bourse MNHN 1

Bourse de recherche ADEME (2004-2007) co-financée par EDF R&D 1

Bourse de thèse du Cerema 1

Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS; GlaxoSmithKline, GSK; Johnson and Johnson, J&J; Roche; United Therapeutics Corporation; Chiesi Farmaceutici; Boehringer Ingelheim; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD; Bayer HealthCare, BHC; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-18-RHUS-0006, DESTINATION 2024; Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: PHRC 2014–0123 1

CC declares a consulting and advisory board for Amgen, Servier, and received honoria from Servier, Amgen. TA received honoraria from Servier, Pierre fabre, Amgen, AstraZeneca and declares consulting for Bioven, Servier, SIRTEC, MSD. RC received honoraria from MSD Oncology, Pierre Fabre, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, declares consulting from Exeliom Biosciences, Enterome Bioscience and received research funding from Servier Institute. OD received honoraria from Amgen, Sanofi, Merck Serono, MSD, Servier, Ipsen, Keocyt and declares consulting for Merck Serono, Sanofi, MSD, AstraZeneca, Novartis. LE declares consulting for BMS and Servier. FG declares research grant from Roche, AstraZeneca and consulting for Astrazenca, Roche, Sanofi, BMS, MSD, Merck-Serono, Amgen. EL declares consulting for Roche, Servier, Ipsen, Bayer, BTG, MSD. CN received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Baxter, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Fresenius Kabi, Incyte Biosciences, Merck, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Nutricia, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sanofi, Servier and research funding from Roche. ES received honoraria from Servier, Amgen, Merck Serono, MSD, Pierre Fabre Oncology BMS, Sanofi, Research funding from Bayer, and declares consulting for Pierre Fabre Oncology. YT declares honoraria from MSD, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Amgen, Servier, Ipsen, Pierre Fabre, AAA and consulting for Merck. DT received honoraria from Amgen, Roche, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Serono, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier/Pfizer, Ipsen, research funding from AstraZeneca, SERVIER, Roche, MSD, BTG, and declares consulting for Sanofi, MSD, Pierre Fabre, and AstraZeneca. A.Z. declares consulting and/or advisory boards for Amgen, Lilly, Merck, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Baxter, MSD, Pierre Fabre, Havas Life, Alira Health, Zymeworks, and Daiichi. CDLF received honoraria from Amgen, Astra- Zeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Incyte Biosciences, Ipsen, Lilly, Merck Serono, MSD, Pierre Fabre Oncologie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier. FB, MBZ, SK, EC, PR and ES declares no conflicts of interests. 1

CENTRE LEON BERARD 1

CEREMA 1

CGDD Délégation au développement durable Mission prospective - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l’Énergie - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1

CGDD, Direction de la recherche et de l'innovation (DRI) 1

CGDD, Direction de la recherche et de l'innovation (DRI) 2

CGET - Commissariat Général à l'Egalité des Territoires 1

CGET et Défenseur des Droits 1

CHU de Dijon; Faculté de Médecine de Dijon; Association de cardiologie de Dijon; Union Régionale des Caisses d'Assurance Maladie de Bourgogne (URCAM); Agence Regionale de Sante (ARS) de Bourgogne; Conseil Regional de Bourgogne; Federation Francaise de Cardiologie (FFC) 1

CKD-REIN is funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the 2010 «Cohortes-Investissements d’Avenir» program (ANR-IA-COH-2012/3731) and by the 2010 national Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique. CKD-REIN is also supported through a public–private partnership with Amgen, Fresenius Medical Care, and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), since 2012, Lilly France since 2013, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical since 2015, Baxter and Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret (MSD France) from 2012 to 2017, Sanofi-Genzyme from 2012 to 2015, Vifor Fresenius, and AstraZeneca, since 2018. Inserm Transfert set up and has managed this partnership since 2011. CKDREIN-Famille was supported by France Rein (a patient association) and the Fondation de France from 2017 to 2019. 1

CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) through the Kalideos project. 1

CNES CES THEIA Artificialisation et Urbanisation 1

CNES DAR 2013-2015 1

CNRS 2

CNRS (PIDUD) et Ademe 1

CNRS (PIDUD)-Ademe 1

CNRS-Ademe 1

CPII20/00009; Compagnia di San Paolo, CSP; Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC: RF20180207126; Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, MESRI: 2103 586016; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; European Social Fund, ESF; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

CURAPP-ESS ; UFR SHSP UPJV ; S2R UPJV ; Conseil Régional des Hauts-de-France 1

Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Haute Autorité de la Santé, Institut National de Prévention et d’Education pour la Santé, Conseils Régionaux de Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Ministry of Research-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Program, Cohortes et collections de don-nées biologiques, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut de la Longévité, Conseil Général de la Côte d’or, National Institute on Aging (R01AG034454 to S.S.; R01AG013196 to J.H.), French National Research Agency (C.T.), Fondation Plan Alzheimer (C.T.). 1

Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, Régions Aquitaine, Bourgogne et Languedoc-Roussillon, Fondation de France, programme Ministère de la recherche-Insermof Research-Inserm Cohortes et collection de données biologiques 1

Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, régions Aquitaine, Bourgogne et Languedoc-Roussillon, Fondation de France, programme du Ministère de la Recherche et Inserm 'Cohortes et collection de données biologiques' et Novartis 1

Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l'autonomie 1

Campus France 1

Canceropôle PACA 1

Ce séminaire a été financé par le plan urbanisme, construction et architecture (PUCA) du ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable 1

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-93-01. 2

Ce travail a été mené grâce à l’Observatoire des Sédiments du Rhône (OSR), programme de recherche pluri‐partenaires financé dans le cadre duPlan Rhône par le Fond Européen de Développement Economique et Régional (FEDER), l’Agence de l’eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, CNR, EDF et les Régions Auvergne‐Rhône‐Alpes, Sud et Occitanie. 1

Ce travail a été réalisé avec l'appui financier du "Conseil Français de l'Energie, du Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de la Mer (MEDDM - Programme PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable"), de l'Agence française de l'Environnement et l'Energie (ADEME, Convention n° 07 10 C 0019), de la Région Ile-de-France (R2DS) et du Programme Interdisciplinaire Energie du CNRS. 2

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet District Infrared theRmography for microclimaTe financé par le CNES, appels à projets TOSCA. 1

Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Imperial College London; European Commission, EC; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Imperial College London; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC; Fundación Dexeus Mujer 1

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 1

Cerema 1

Ces deux études ont été financées par le Ministère de la Santé et des Sports 1

Cet ouvrage, initié et coordonné dans le cadre du projet de recherche “Adap’Terr”, a bénéficié d’une aide à la publication du programme “Gestion et Impacts du Changement Climatique” du ministère français en charge de l’environnement. Il a également bénéficié du soutien techniquede l’UMR CITERES. 1

Cette note présente un projet de recherche financé par le conseil régional d’Aquitaine, la Drac et l’ARS dans le cadre des appels à projet « recherche » du conseil régional. Elle expose l’état d’un questionnement et d’une démarche, les premiers résultats n’étant attendus que dans le courant 2016. 1

Cette recherche a bénéficié de l'aide de la Mission Recherche de la Direction de la Recherche, des Etudes, de l'Evaluation et des Statistiques (MiRe-DREES), de la Caisse Nationale de Solidarité pour l'Autonomie (CNSA) dans le cadre de l'appel à recherches intitulé « Handicap et perte d’autonomie – session 5 », lancé par l'institut de recherche en santé publique (GIS IReSP) en 2014, dans le cadre du programme pluriannuel de recherche en santé publique.L’enquête Elfe est une réalisation conjointe de l’Institut national d’études démographiques (Ined), de l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), de l’Établissement français du sang (EFS), de l’Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), de l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (Insee), de la Direction générale de la santé (DGS, Ministère en charge de la Santé), de la Direction générale de la prévention des risques (DGPR, Ministère en charge de l’Environnement), de la Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques (Drees, Ministères en charge de la Santé et de l’Emploi), du Département des études, de la prospective et des statistiques (DEPS, Ministère encharge de la Culture) et de la Caisse nationale des allocations familiales (Cnaf), avec le soutien du Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche et du Comité de concertation pour les données en sciences humaines et sociales (CCDSHS). Dans le cadre de la plateforme RECONAI, elle bénéficie d’une aide de l’État gérée par l’Agence nationale de la recherche au titre du programme Investissements d’avenir portant la référence ANR-11-EQPX-0038. 1

Cette recherche a été financée par l'ADEME, le CNRS-Ecodev et le Ministère de l'Environnement 1

Cette thèse est financée, via une convention de recherche, par la Direction de la recherche, des études, de l'évaluation et des statistiques du Ministère des affaires sociales, de la santé et des droits des femmes. 1

Cette étude a été réalisée grâce au financement accordé par la Direction du Pôle Culture, Éducation, Jeunesse, Solidarité, Sport au Conseil régional d'Aquitaine, ainsi que par celui de SPIRIT (laboratoire d'accueil du Centre Associé CEREQ de Bordeaux). 1

Chaithya Giliyar Radhakrishna was supported by the CEA NUMERICS PhD program, which received European funding from Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No800945.We acknowledge the financial support of the CrossDisciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation of CEA (SILICOSMIC project, PI: P. Ciuciu), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC in France under the allocation 2019-GCH0424 made by GENCI. Pierre Weiss was supported by the ANR JCJC Optimization on Measures Spaces ANR-17-CE23-0013-01 and the ANR-3IA Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute. 1

Chancellerie des Universités de Paris Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Seerave Foundation Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC ANR‐16‐RHUS‐0008 Ligue Contre le Cancer European Commission, EC Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM Institut National Du Cancer, INCa Institut Universitaire de France, IUF European Research Council, ERC Fondation Leducq RP170067 Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC 1

Co-funded by the European Union (grant no. 101069576) and supported by Innovate UK (contract no. 10045139) and the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (contract no. 22.00123). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. 1

Cofinancement ADEME-BRGM 1

Comenius University 1

Commission Européenne 1

Commission Européenne (Programme ERASMUS +) 1

Commission Européenne, DGXIII-D - Programme INNOVATION 1

Commission Européenne, PCRD 7 1

Commission européenne 1

Commission européenne, Sixth Framework Program 1

Communauté d'Agglomération de Pau Pyrénées 1

Conseil Départemental de Seine-et-Marne 5

Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques 1

Conseil Regional d'Ille-et- Vilaine and the Fondation Langlois and Europe Council. 1

Conseil RÃ©gional de Haute Normandie 1

Conseil Régional Aquitaine 7

Conseil Régional Bourgogne Franche-Comté 1

Conseil Régional Languedoc-Roussillon 1

Conseil Régional PACA, Conseil général des Bouches-du-Rhône 1

Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 1

Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine 4

Conseil Régional d'Ile-de-France 1

Conseil Régional de Bretagne 1

Conseil Régional de Bretagne - Programme "appropriation sociale des sciences" 1

Conseil Régional de Bretagne; Institut de veille sanitaire; Ministère du Travail 1

Conseil Régional de l'Île-de-France 1

Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire/MSH Ange Guépin 1

Conseil Régional du Centre 1

Conseil départemental 77 1

Conseil départemental de Seine-Saint-Denis 1

Conseil départemental de l'Essonne 2

Conseil général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques 1

Conseil régional PACAPlan Urbanisme Construction et Architecture 1

Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 2

Conseil régional Île-de-France 1

Conservatoire des Espaces naturels sensibles de l'Essonne 1

Contrat de recherche entre l'Andra et l'université de Caen (octobre 2006-Mai 2008) 1

Contrat doctoral de l'EHESS 1

Contrat du Ministère de l'Écologie et du Développement Durable [Convention n° RI 98 017] 1

Convention ADEME n° 06 10 C 0094 1

Convention partenariale avec le Parc naturel régional des Pyrénées catalanes 1

Convention État - Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur - ADEME 1

Cultural and Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic (KEGA) 041UK-4/2020 1

Czech Science Foundation [15-02634S] 1

DEPS (ministère de la Culture), la ville de Nantes, le Conseil régional des Pays de la Loire 1

DR-2012-469; 12.360; -2012-1624, IDRCB 2012-A00902-41; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-IA-COH-2012/3731; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm: IRB00003888, NCT03381950 1

DRIEE-IF 1

DSCR 2200626575, IFSTTAR-CEREMA 1

Departement a la Recherche Clinique et au Developpement (DRCD), Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris 1

Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A19170, 14136, C570/A16491 Ligue Contre le Cancer Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS Research Councils UK, RCUK Health and Medical Research Fund, HMRF: FIS Zorginstituut Nederland, ZIN PI13/01162, PI13/00061 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: ERC‐2009‐AdG 232997 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC National Research Council, NRC Ecumenical Project for International Cooperation, EPIC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm European Commission, EU Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Norway Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ: DKFZ World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Cancerfonden NordForsk Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, 1000143 1

Direction Générale de la Compétitivité, de l’Industrie et des Services, DGCIS Food Standards Agency, FSA Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C864/A14136, C8221/A19170, C570/A16491 RD06/0020 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UCBL Wellcome Trust, WT Ligue Contre le Cancer 6236 German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Department of Health, Australian Government Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Greece Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS British Heart Foundation, BHF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII National Research Council, NRC Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF Stroke Association Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Fondation Gustave Roussy European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, IARC Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancerfonden World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Stavros Niarchos Foundation, SNF Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01 Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, MR/N003284/1, MC‐UU_12015/1 1

Direction de la Recherche et de l’Animation Scientifique et Technique (DRAST) 1

Direction de la recherche clinique de l'AP-HP (PHRC 2001), INSERM U 149 (Recherches Épidémiologiques en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes), Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français, Société Française de Médecine Périnatale, Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgique). 1

Direction de la recherche et de l'innovation (DRI) 1

Direction de la recherche et de l’innovation du commissariat général au développement durable, Predit 4 1

Disclosures: Gaultier Marnat—UNRELATED: Payment for Lectures Including Service on Speakers Bureaus: Medtronic, MicroVention. Bertrand Lapergue— UNRELATED: Grants/Grants Pending: MicroVention, Phenox.* Mikael Mazighi— UNRELATED: Consultancy: Air Liquide, Amgen, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Acticor Biotech; Grants/Grants Pending: RHU BOOSTER, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, funding from French Ministry of Health.* Frédéric Clarençon— UNRELATED: Board Membership: ArteDrone; Consultancy: Medtronic; Payment for Lectures Including Service on Speakers Bureaus: Balt, Penumbra, Stryker. Sébastien Richard—UNRELATED: Grants/Grants Pending: French Ministry, Comments: grants for 2 academic studies*; Payment for Development of Educational Presentations: Boehringer Ingelheim. *Money paid to the institution. 1

Dr Danesh reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Merck Sharp & Dohme, grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Novartis, grants from Pfizer, and grants from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. He is member of the International Cardiovascular and Metabolic Advisory Board for Novartis (since 2010); the Steering Committee of UK Biobank (since 2011); the MRC International Advisory Group (ING) member, London (since 2013); the MRC High Throughput Science ‘Omics Panel Member, London (since 2013); the Scientific Advisory Committee for Sanofi (since 2013); the International Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research and Development Portfolio Committee for Novartis; and the Astra Zeneca Genomics Advisory Board (2018). Dr Butterworth reports grants outside of this work from AstraZeneca, Biogen, BioMarin, Bioverativ, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi and personal fees from Novartis. The remaining authors have no disclosures to report. 1

Dr Schmidt reported personal fees from Getinge, Drager, and Xenios, outside the submitted work. Dr Demoule reports personal fees from Medtronic, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Philips, personal fees from Baxter, personal fees from Hamilton, personal fees and non-financial support from Fisher & Paykel, grants from French Ministry of Health, personal fees from Getinge, grants and personal fees from Respinor, grants and non-financial support from Lungpacer, outside the submitted work. Dr Dres reported personal fees from Lungpacer. No other disclosures were reported. 1

Dr. Guillermo F. López Sánchez is funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU . 1

Département Soutien et Formation, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, DSF, IRD 1

Département de l'Essonne 1

EFSA 1

ENVITERA 1

EPIC-CVD was supported by the European Commission Framework Programme 7 (HEALTH-F2-2012-279233), and the European Research Council (268834). The coordinating center was supported by core funding from the: United Kingdom MRC (G0800270; MR/L003120/1), British Heart Foundation (BHF) (SP/09/002; RG13/13/30194; RG/18/13/33946), and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (BRC-1215-20014).* The establishment of the study subcohort was supported by the European Union Sixth Framework Programme (grant LSHM_CT_2006_037197 to the InterAct project) and the MRC Epidemiology Unit (grant MC_UU_00006/1). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by NIHR Imperial BRC. The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, World Cancer Research Fund, Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Health Research Fund– Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), MRC (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). EPIC-Greece was supported by the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece). M.S., N.J.W., N.G.F., and F.I. acknowledge support from MRC Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00006/1 and MC_UU_00006/3). N.J.W. and N.G.F. acknowledge support from NIHR* Cambridge BRC: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014) and NGF is a NIHR Senior Investigator Award holder. M.S. was also supported by BHF for part of this work while working in the BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. R.Z.-R. thanks the “Miguel Servet” program (CP15/00100) from the Institute of Health Carlos III (co-funded by the European Social Fund–European Social Fund Investing in Your Future). A.W. was supported by a BHF-Turing Cardiovascular Data Science Award and by the European Commission-Innovative Medicines Initiative (BigData@Heart). R.C. was funded by a MRC-Newton project grant to study genetic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among Southeast Asian people and the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (grant no. MR/P013880/1) and a United Kingdom Research and Innovation-Global Challenges Research Fund Project Grant to study risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Bangladesh. J.D. holds a BHF Professorship and a NIHR Senior Investigator Award. 1

ERC MCD Convention Equipe de recherche commune Cerema-Université Gustave Eiffel 1

EU FP7 (Marie Curie Initial Training Network BOLD: Biology of Liver and the Pancreatic Development and Disease) 1

EUNephrOmics 1

EURenOmics [305608] 1

EVHAN study was supported by grants from the French Ministry of Health (PHRCN 2007, 2011 AOM11197; ANR Jeune chercheur, Bourse de thèse Eiffel) and from CNAMTS, Fondation de France, Fondation MGEN, EHESP, APHP, CIFRE, and Contrats d'interface INSERM. 1

Elvire Guillaud’s research has been held during a research residency funded by the Paris School of Economics. Her research has been supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ’Investissements d’Avenir’ programme within the framework of the OSE centre of excellence (ANR-10-LABX-93-01). Michaël Zemmour’s research has been supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ’Investissements d’Avenir’ programme within the framework of the LIEPP centre of excellence and the EIFISEP project (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). 1

Erasmus + et Commission européenne (projet n° 2019-1-BE01-KA203-050430) 1

EuReGene [LSHG-CT-2004 005 085] 1

European Commission 1

European Commission ASIA-LINK project B7-3010/2005/105-139 1

European Commission, Directorate General For Research & Innovation Innovation for Growth (I4G) 1

European Commission, Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Swiss National Science Foundation, the Medical Research Council, NordForsk, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology 1

European Commission, EC 1

European Commission, EC: 602150 1

European Commission, EC: QLG1-CT-2001-01252 Syddansk Universitet, SDU Novo Nordisk Fonden, NNF 1

FEDER, through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e InternacionalizacAo (POCI), Programa Operacional Regional (POR) de Lisboa national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES PTDC/BIA-ANM/4622/2014POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016754CESAM through national funds (OE) via FCT/MCTES UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020Sapere-Aude advanced grant from the Independent Research Fund Denmark DFF-8021-00308BFCT/MCTES through Programa Investigador IF/00899/2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission 1

FOOD‐CT‐2005‐513943 Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs Cancer Research UK, CRUK Wellcome Trust, WT German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Department of Health, Australian Government Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: C03/09 Stichting Diabetes Onderzoek Nederland British Heart Foundation, BHF Norges Forskningsråd QLK4CT199900927 Stroke Association European Commission, EC Deutsche Krebshilfe World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Kreftforeningen, NCS Medical Research Council, MRC 1

FP-7-Health-Innovation 1

Facebook AI Research (Research Gift) and CIFAR (Learning in Minds and Brains) 1

Final report (Short Version) of contract n° SOE 1-1054 - Project n° 1297 funded under the Targeted Socio-economic research (TSER) Programme-directorate general Science, Research and Development - Directorate F European Commission 1

Financement ADEME 1017C001 1

Financement ADEME. Programme Déchets et Sociétés 2010 1

Financement Ademe - 3ème Prédit 1

Financement Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine 1

Financement Fondation Télécom et CDC Recherche 1

Financement ONEMA, PNR EST 2012 Anses 1

Financement Onema 1

Financement conjoint de l'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME) et de la Ville de Paris. 2

Financial support consisted of a grant from the Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (CRC 07 011), a nonprofit, government-funded organization. 1

Financial support was made available by the French Army (Grant LR607e) for which we are grateful. This work has benefited from an ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01). This study received a European commission ‘REGPOT-CT-2011-285837-STRonGer’ Grant within the FP7. 1

Fondation Plan Alzheimer 1

Fondation de France 6

Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale 2

Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, Regions Aquitaine, Bourgogne et Languedoc-Roussillon , Fondation de France, Programme Ministère de la recherche-Inserm "Cohortes et collection de données biologiques 1

French Agency for Drugs (ANSM) 1

French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) 1

French Environmental Agency (ADEME) 1

French Government [ANR-11-LABX-0021]; Conseil Regional de Bourgogne; "Fonds Europeen de Developpement Regional" (FEDER); French National Cancer Institute; Fondation de France; Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Canceropole Grand-Est 1

French Institute of Horse and Equestrian (IFCE) 1

French Ministry of Ecology 1

French Ministry of Health 1

French Ministry of Health (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2004, AOM04084), sponsored by Assitance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (Département de la Recherche Clinique et du Développement). All the authors had full access to all data and assumed final responsibility for the decision to submit the paper for publication. 1

French Ministry of Health National Hospital Research Programme (PHRC) National Health Insurance Agency for Wage Earners - CNAMTS, France Institute of Longevity and Ageing INSERM, France 1

French Ministry of Health [PHRC AOM 09 195] 1

French Ministry of Health [PHRC AOM 09 195]; French Drugs Agency (ANSM); AbbVie; Janssen; MSD France; Pfizer; Departement a la Recherche Clinique et au Developpement (DRCD), Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris; French Society of Dermatology (Societe Francaise de Dermatologie); Groupe de Recherche sur le Psoriasis 1

French Ministry of Health [PHRC AOM 09 195]; French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM); Abbvie; MSD France; Janssen Johnson and Johnson USA Janssen Biotech Inc; Pfizer Pfizer; Departement a la Recherche Clinique et au Developpement (DRCD - Department for Clinical Research and Development), Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (Paris Hospitals); French Society of Dermatology; Psoriasis Research Group 1

French Ministry of Health and the Institut National du Cancer as part of the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique. This work was also supported by the Association for Training, Education, and Research in Hematology, Immunology, and Transplantation. The Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Cesti project is also supported by Nantes Metropole and the Pays de la Loire Region. 1

French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (CPER 20152020 and public service subsidy to BRGM) 1

French Ministry of Labor 1

French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS). Roche, Schering-Plough, GSK, BMS, and Merck-Serono. 1

French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS, Paris, France) 1

French National Association for Research and Technology (ANRT) 1

French National Research Agency (ANR) through the project ACIMP 1

French National Research Agency [ANR-15-CE04-0001-01-LOUISE] 1

French National Research Program for Environmental and Occupational Health of ANSES (Agence nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), France [EST-2016/1/49] 1

French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) and the French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN). 1

French de National Agency for Research; Société Française de Biologie Clinique (SFBC); Association pour l'Étude du Foie (AFEF) References [1] Manning DS, Afdhal NH. Diagnosis and quantification of fibrosis. Gastroenterology 1

Funded by: University of Montreal Health Center Urology Associates/Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec/ University of Montreal Department of Surgery/University of Montreal Health Center (CHUM) Foundation/ Association Française de Recherche sur le Cancer/Fondation de France-Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer/Association Française d'Urologie/Ministère Français des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes (Bourse Lavoisier) 1

Funding Supported by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund ( WCRF ) to Marc Gunter (grant number: WCRF 2013/1002 ). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer . The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Gustave Roussy , Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale , and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) (France); German Cancer Aid , German Cancer Research Center ( DKFZ ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) (Germany); Hellenic Health Foundation , Stavros Niarchos Foundation , and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece); Italian Association for Research on Cancer ( AIRC ), National Research Council , and Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica (AIRE-ONLUS) Ragusa, Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangu ( AVIS ) Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health , Welfare and Sports ( VWS ), Netherlands Cancer Registry ( NKR ), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund ( WCRF ), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Nordic Center of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andalucía , Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Instituto de Salud Carlos II ( ISCIII RETIC) ( RD06/0020 ) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society , Swedish Scientific Council , and Regional Government of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK , Medical Research Council , Stroke Association , British Heart Foundation , Department of Health , Food Standards Agency , the Wellcome Trust (UK), Cancer Research UK ( 14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council ( 1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). 1

Funding Supported by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) to Marc Gunter (grant number: WCRF 2013/1002). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Hellenic Health Foundation, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece); Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), National Research Council, and Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica (AIRE-ONLUS) Ragusa, Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangu (AVIS) Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); Nordic Center of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and the Centro de Investigaci?n Biom?dica en Red en Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica and Instituto de Salud Carlos II (ISCIII RETIC) (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and Regional Government of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (UK), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). 1

Funding This work was supported by the World Cancer Research Fund International Regular Grant Programme ( WCRF 2014/1180 to Konstantinos K. Tsilidis). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre . The national cohorts are supported by the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Gustave Roussy , Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid , German Cancer Research Center ( DKFZ ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health , Welfare and Sports ( VWS ), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund ( WCRF ), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS)– Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( ISCIII ), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology ( ICO ) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society , Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); and Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford) and Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. 1

Funding This work was supported by the World Cancer Research Fund International Regular Grant Programme (WCRF 2014/1180 to Konstantinos K. Tsilidis). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre. The national cohorts are supported by the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS)?Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); and Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford) and Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. 1

Funding for the VOBP4 meeting was provided by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, and a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) interagency agreement that funds VDAP at the USGS. Important in-kind contributions were provided by CENAPRED. JBL, KW, and WS receive salary support from the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. JBL receives additional salary support from an interagency agreement from USAID. Several authors received funds from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the EUROVOLC project under grant agreement No 731070. The funds were available to to SB (through Iceland), to LS (Italy) and to JCK (through France IPGP and CNRS). JCK was further supported by the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU-CNRS) and the Service National d’observation en volcanology (SNOV, CNRS-INSU). 1

Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health ( PreQHos 2009-04 ) and sponsored by the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris ( NI10052 ). 1

Fédération nationale des parcs naturels régionaux de France Etude d'Evaluation des parcs naturels régionaux 1

G Menvielle received a funding from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale for this analysis. The project was in part funded by the European Commission, through the Eurocadet project (from the commission of the European communities research directorate-general, grant No EUROCADET:SP23-CT-2005-006528). EPIC was supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004 and the Research Directorate-General 2005-2008. European Commission FP5 project (QLG1-CT-2001-01049). The EPIC study was funded by "Europe Against Cancer" Programme of the European Commission (SANCO); Ligue contre le Cancer (France); Société 3M (France); Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Cancer Society; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Centros de Cáncer (C03/10); the participating regional governments and institutions of Murcia, Navarra, Asturias, Pais Vasco y Andalucia, Spain; Cancer Research UK; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; Stroke Association, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, United Kingdom; Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom; The Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom; Greek Ministry of Health; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; Hellenic Health Foundation; Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; Dutch Ministry of Health; Dutch Prevention Funds; LK Research Funds; Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland; World Cancer Research Fund; Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Scientific Council; Regional Government of Vasterbotten and Skane, Sweden; Norwegian Cancer Society; and Foundation to Promote Research into Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Norway. Some authors are partners of Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility, a network of excellence of the European Commission (6FP contract 513943). Antonio Agudo and Paolo Vineis were supported by ECNIS. 1

G03/140, PI10/02293, PI10/02658, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01764, PI14/01798, PI17/01795, PI20/00564, PNSD-2020/021; LSHM_CT_2006_037197; 82DZD00302; 122/2014, 27/2011, 45/2011, PNSD 2020/2021; FKZ: 01EA1806A; National Institutes of Health, NIH: R01AG056477, RF1AG062553, U01 CA164973; National Cancer Institute, NCI; American Institute for Cancer Research, AICR: 05B047; GlaxoSmithKline, GSK; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Wellcome Trust, WT: 221854/Z/20/Z; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 824989; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: 602068; Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, BRC: IS-BRC-1215-20014; Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_00006/1and MC_UU_00006/3; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C20/A5860; National Research Foundation, NRF; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, डीएसटी; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: 491394008, NFDI 13/1; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF: 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401, 33CS30_177535/1, 33CSCO-122661, MRCMR/R024227/1; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT: S0008-2009-1: 000000000115312; Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, MOSTI; Nederlandse Zuivel Organisatie, NZO; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP: NRF-2017M3C9A6047623; Ministry of Health and Welfare, MOHW: 4845-301, 4851-302; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KCDC; Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, SUN; Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 2017–00644; Universidad de Navarra; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TUMS: 81/15; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, FINEP: 01 06 0010.00, 01 06 0071.00, 01 06 0115.00, 01 06 0300.00; Ministério da Saúde; Mejeribrugets ForskningsFond, MFF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: RD 06/0045 1

G0800270, MR/L003120/1; Pfizer; AstraZeneca; Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: HEALTH-F2-2012-279233; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_00006/1; National Institute for Health Research, NIHR; British Heart Foundation, BHF: RG/18/13/33946, RG13/13/30194, SP/09/002; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017, MR/M012190/1; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; European Research Council, ERC: 268834; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; European Social Fund, ESF; Sixth Framework Programme, FP6: LSHM_CT_2006_037197; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Akademi Sains Malaysia, ASM: MR/P013880/1; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR BRC: BRC-1215-20014; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC; Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF: CP15/00100, IS-BRC-1215-20014, MC_UU_00006/3 1

GIS Maladies Rares 1

Grant from the Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AOM 00-06). 1

H2020-HERMES 1

HOMAGE was funded by a grant from the European Union 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (HEALTH-F7-305507 HOMAGE (EU FP7 305507 http://www.homage-hf.eu). JPF, PR, NG, FZ are supported by the RHU Fight-HF, a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the second “Investissements d’Avenir” program (reference: ANR-15-RHUS-0004), by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence” (reference: ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE), Contrat de Plan Etat Lorraine IT2MP and FEDER Lorraine. 1

Health Foundation 1

I also acknowledge support from ANR-17-CE41-0008 (ECHOPPE) 1

IDA-EU-LAC-AFD 1

IFSTTAR-CEREMA 1

INSERM; the French National Research Agency; the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety 1

IU-B was supported by a CIFRE fellowship, from the French Association of Research and Technologies, under the agreement 2017/0322. The project was also supported by Agence de l’Eau Rhône-Méditerranée-Corse (Pierre Boissery). 1

InVS 1

InVS/Direction of Labor grant n°03-S-ST-A20-08, AFSSET (French Agency of health safety, environment and work) grant N° ES-2005-015 and EU Framework program for research, research, contract n° FOOD-CT-2004-506378, the GA2LEN project, Global Allergy and Asthma European Network 1

Inserm 1

Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1

Institut National Du Cancer 3

Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2012-218 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Ligue Contre le Cancer: AOM09 202 Université Paris Descartes Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm 1

Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS National Research Council, NRC 6236 Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF Fondation Gustave Roussy European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC RD06/0020 Deutsche Krebshilfe World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Cancerfonden Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 1

Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) 1

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 3

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Victor Segalen-Bordeaux II University, Sanofi-Aventis, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale , Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux Aquitaine et Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Ministère de la Recherche -INSERM Programme "Cohortes et collections de données biologiques." 1

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 1

Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique 1

Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission [PI13/00454]; AGAUR (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Generalitat de Catalunya) 1

Ipsen 1

J08-12, ESPARR - ADEME 2

J09-01, ARTEMIS - émissions - ADEME 1

J09-16, Vi- lle Cycle- vic - ADEME- ANR 1

J11-24, BETTI - ADEME 2

Janssen 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_00011/6, MR/M012190/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF European Commission, EC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Vetenskapsrådet, VR Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Fondation Gustave Roussy 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC: 2014/1183, C8221/A19170; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: 2014/1193, 313010, C19335/A21351; National Research Council, NRC; World Cancer Research Fund International, WCRF; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; European Commission, EC; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2009-139, 2013/1002, 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1, 2015-166; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, APS; National Research Council, NRC; Imperial Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, ECMC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C19335/A21351, C8221/ A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; International Council of Ophthalmology, ICO; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: WCRF 2014/1180; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: A29017, C570/A16491, C8221/A19170; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; European Commission, EC; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: PI15/00639; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía; Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Cancer Research UK, CRUK; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; University of Cambridge; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2015-166; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: 1000143, MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; University of Cambridge; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2009‐139, 2014‐1‐RT‐02‐CIRC‐1; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC; National Research Council, NRC; University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH; Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017; World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF; Imperial College London; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Cancerfonden; Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: PI15/00639; European Social Fund, ESF; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM; Institut Gustave-Roussy; Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: FI19/00197; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC 1

LABEX IMU (ANR-10-LABX-0088/ ANR11-IDEX-0007) 1

LSHM_CT_2006_037197 N∫ 6236 National Institutes of Health, NIH: DK26190 Compagnia di San Paolo Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_12015/1, MC_UU_12015/5, MR/N003284/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Västerbotten Läns Landsting Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Agentschap NL: IGE05012 Vetenskapsrådet, VR Umeå Universitet Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, BMFT Deutsche Krebshilfe Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Frauen, BMBF Stichting Diabetes Onderzoek Nederland NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre: IS-BRC-1215-20014 1

LZ and GK were supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) francogermanique ANR‐19‐CE15‐0029, ANR Projects blancs; ANR under the frame of E‐Rare‐2, the ERA‐Net for Research on Rare Diseases; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Bristol‐Myers Squibb Company (International Immuno‐Oncology Network), Cancéropôle Ile‐de‐France; Chancellerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; the European Commission (ArtForce); the European Research Council (ERC); Fondation Carrefour; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Inserm (HTE); Institut Universitaire de France; LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno‐Oncology; the RHU Torino Lumière (ANR‐16‐RHUS‐0008); H2020 ONCOBIOME, the Seerave Foundation; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); FHU CARE, Dassault, and Badinter Philantropia, and the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI). AC is supported by the CPRIT Research Training Program (RP170067). JEF was supported by Transgene and AGG was supported by FRM. AM has been or is currently an investigator in clinical trials sponsored by BMS, MSD, GSK/Tesaro, Janssen, Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca (AZ), Amgen. AM has been or is currently a member of Clinical Trial Scientific Steering Committee for AZ and GSK. AM has been or is currently a member of the scientific advisory board of the following companies: Merck Serono, Novartis, BMS, Symphogen, Amgen, Tesaro/GSK, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca/Medimmune, Servier, Sanofi. AM has provided Scientific & Medical Consulting to the following companies: Roche, Sanofi. AM is a member of the Data Safety and Monitoring Board for the following trial NCT02423863 (TLR3 agonist; Oncovir). AM has received research funding and or drug supply for pre‐Clinical and clinical research projects from: BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Idera, MSD, Fondation MSD Avenir, SIRIC (INCa‐DGOS‐Inserm_12551). 1

La Societe Francophone de Nephrologie et de Dialyse; La Societe Francaise de Nephrologie Dialyse Transplantation; l'Agence de BiomedecineFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Nimes University Hospital 1

Laboratoire CIREL 1

Laboratoire GERiiCO 1

Laboratoire Triangle (UMR5206) 1

Le projet a été soutenu financièrement par le Ministère de la Santé et des Sports, Secrétariat d’Etat aux Sports. 1

Leroy Merlin Source, ADEME, ANAH 1

Les 111 des Arts 1

Les auteurs remercient le Ministère de l'environnement (MEDDAD - Programme PDD "Paysage et Développement Durable"), le Conseil français de l'énergie, l'Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (ADEME) (Convention 07 10 C 0019), la Région Ile-de-France, le réseau R2DS et le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS - Programme Interdisciplinaire pour l'Energie) pour le soutien financier apporté à cette recherche. 1

Les données présentées dans cet article sont issues du projet de recherche "Grenelle de l'environnement", qui a reçu un financement du Ministère de l'environnement et du Développement durable dans le cadre du programme de recherche "Concertation, Décision, Environnement" (2008-2011). 1

Les recherches sur les signalements profanes de clusters ont été financées par l'ADEME (Agence pour le développement et la maîtrise de l'énergie) # 04 10 C 0041, le programme CNRS SBSS (Sciences biomédicales santé société) # 08/2005/DR03, et le ministère de la Recherche (ATC Environnement-Santé) # 04 5667. 1

Ligue Contre le Cancer 3

Ligue Contre le Cancer Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm 1

Ligue Contre le Cancer (support for the E3N cohort and PhD fellowship to Manon Cairat). Acknowledgements Disclaimer 1

Lions Clubs International Foundation 1

M-C Desseroit’s PhD is partly funded by Brest Métropôle Océane. F. Tixier is funded by the association “Sport and Collection”, CHRU Poitiers. This work has received a French government support granted to the CominLabs excellence laboratory and managed by the National Research Agency in the "Investing for the Future" program under reference ANR-10-LABX-07-01. With the support of the National Institute of Cancer (INCa project #C14020NS). The original trials from which the images used in this study were obtained were supported by the U.S. National Cancer Institute through grants U01-CA079778 and U01-CA080098 and by Merck & Co., Inc. 1

M. Cairat was supported by a research scholarship from the Ligue Contre le Cancer. M. Al Rahmoun was supported by a research scholarship from the French National Cancer Institute (INCa_13539). 1

MEDDE 1

MEEDDAT (ministère de l'Ecologie, de l'Energie, du Développement Durable et de l'Aménagement du Territoire) 1

MFC and GP were recipients of fellowships from the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS). This work was supported by the ANRS and the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP, Paris). 1

MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉCOLOGIE, DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ET DE L'ÉNERGIE Direction Générale de l'Aménagement, du Logement et de la Nature Plan Urbanisme Construction Architecture Programme 190 - Décision attributive N° M 1004 (EJ 2100 157 061) du 27/10/10 1

MJYP received fellowships from "le Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie" and from SIDACTION. JFD received a fellowship from the French Agency for AIDS Research (ANRS). PSR was supported by a fellowship from the «Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia». IP is supported by NIH grants ROI AI064066 (IP) and P51RR000164. This study was supported by grants from the ANRS and The Institut Pasteur. 1

MNHN 1

MRI data acquisition was supported by the Neurinfo MRI research facility from the University of Rennes I. Neurinfo is granted by the European Union (FEDER), the French State, the Brittany Council, Rennes Metropole, Inria, Inserm and the University Hospital of Rennes. This work has been funded by Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR). The authors thank Mr Stéphane Brousse and Mr Jacques Soulabaille for their involvement in the conduct of the study. 1

MSD France 1

Main funding of the epigenetic studies in INMA were grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( Red INMA G03/176 , CB06/02/0041 ), Spanish Ministry of Health ( FIS-PI04/1436 , FIS-PI08/1151 including FEDER funds, FIS-PI11/00610 , FIS-FEDER-PI06/0867 , FIS-FEDER-PI03–1615 , FIS-FEDER PI16/1288 , FIS-FEDER PI19/1338 ; Miguel Servet FEDER 15/0025 and 20/0006 ; FIS-FSE : 17/00260 ), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241 , Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2020/059 , Fundacio ́ La Marato ́ de TV3 ( 090,430 ), EU Commission ( 261357 -MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), and European Research Council ( 268479 -BREATHE: Brain dEvelopment and Air polluTion ultrafine particles in school childrEn). 1

Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine-Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine-Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès 2

Marie Skłodowska-Curie FP7 European Commission 1

Marie Skłodowska-Curie FP7 IEF European Commission 1

Ministere de la Recherche 1

Ministere de la Sante 1

Ministere de la sante a pharmaceutical grant from Pfizer France 1

Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A19170, 14136 VetenskapsrÃ¥det, VR Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Frauen, BMBF Institut National de la SantÃ© et de la Recherche MÃ©dicale, Inserm KrÃ¦ftens BekÃ¦mpelse, DCS Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: PI15/00639 German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ National Research Council, NRC 6236 Generalitat de Catalunya European Commission, EC European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC RD06/0020 Deutsche Krebshilfe German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ PI13/01162, PI13/00061 Cancerfonden World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: ERC-2009-AdG 232997 NordForsk Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 European Regional Development Fund, FEDER 1

Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A19170, C570/A16491 VetenskapsrÃ¥det, VR Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm KrÃ¦ftens BekÃ¦mpelse, DCS CAN 2016/545 German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ National Research Council, NRC Cancer Research Foundation in Northern Sweden European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, IARC RD06/0020 German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Cancerfonden PI13/01162, PI13/00061 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: ERC-2009-AdG 232997 NordForsk Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 1

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXTAgence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR ANR-11-RSNR-0002Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JAEA 1

Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2015082, CZ.1.05/4.1.00/11.0251] 1

Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation 1

Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (projet Metha'Revenus, CEP 2018 AAP 01), PSDR4 (projet BIOCA) 1

Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Projet COMPETLAIT 1

Ministère de l'Ecologie 1

Ministère de l'Ecologie. CGDD Direction de la recherche et de l'innovation 1

Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche 1

Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique 1

Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation 2

Ministère de l'environnement, programme Paysage et développement durable 1

Ministère de l'Écologie et du Développement durable 1

Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de la Mer (MEEDDM) 1

Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable des Transports et du Logement (MEDDTL) 1

Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement (MEDDTL) 1

Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durableContrat doctoral CIFRE, Conseil général des Deux-Sèvres 1

Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie,Chaire Finance Durable et Investissement Responsable,Labex ECODEC (projet RESSOR et FORTERESSE, GENRE)CEPREMAP (projet GENRE) 1

Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable, des Transports et du Logement, Atelier international du Grand Paris et des projets architecturaux et urbains, Ignis mutat res - Penser l’architecture, la ville et les paysages au prisme de l’énergie, 2011 1

Ministère de la Santé 1

Ministère de la Santé et des Sports, Secrétariat d’état aux sports 1

Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l’Énergie 1

Ministère de l’Écologie, du développement Durable et de l’Énergie 1

Ministère des Affaires Etrangères 1

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé 2

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: 2009-04 Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris: NI10052 12059, NCT02814682 1

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: AOM 09114 R0 8156LL Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Roche 1

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: AOM04084 1

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé; Direction Générale de l’offre de Soins, DGOS 1

Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé; Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé 1

Ministère des Droits des femmesMinistère de l’Éducation nationale, de l’enseignement supérieur et de la rechercheMinistère de l’IntérieurInstitut national d’études démographiques (Ined)Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les drogues et les conduites addictives (Mildeca)Institut national de prévention et d’éducation pour la santé (Inpes)Agence nationale de recherche sur le sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)Centre Hubertine-Auclert – centre francilien de ressources pour l’égalité femmes-hommesCaisse nationale des allocations familiales (Cnaf)Observatoire de l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes – Ville de ParisAgence nationale pour la cohésion sociale et l’égalité des chances (ACSE)Comité interministériel de prévention de la délinquance et de la radicalisation(CIPDR)Mission de recherche Droit et JusticeDéfenseur des DroitsMutualité françaiseConseil général de l’EssonneConseil général de la SommeConseil général des Bouches-du RhôneConseil général du Val-de-MarneConseil général de Meurthe-et-MoselleConseil général de Seine-Saint-Denis 1

Ministère des Solidarités et de la santé 1

Ministère des Transports, de l’Équipement, du Tourisme et de la Mer (MTETM) 1

Ministère des affaires sociales, de la santé et du droit des femmes, Ministère aux personnes handicapées et à la lutte contre l'exclusion 1

Ministère en charge de l'écologie 3

Ministère espagnol de l’Économie, de l’Industrie et la Compétitivité (MINECO), l’Agence nationale de la recherche (AEI) et le Fonds européen de développement régional (FEDER)(2018-2021) 1

Mutualité Sociale Agricole 2

Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale 2

Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm 1

NAWA International Academic Partnership Programme EUROPARTNER, PPI/APM/2018/1/00007/U/001 1

NCT04338100Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé 1

Nantes Metropole and the Pays de la Loire Region. 1

Nantes Métropole - Agence d'Urbanisme de la Région Nantaise (AURAN) 1

National Agency for Research on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Viral Hepatitis, Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida 1

National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM); the National Research Agency (ANR); the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (AFSSET); the National Endocrine Disruptor Research Program of the French Ministry of Environment; the General Health directorate (DGS); the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance. 1

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2U10 AA 13566); National Institute on Aging (K23 G00826); Robert Wood Johnson Generalist Faculty Scholar Award; an Inter- Agency Agreement between National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Mental Health, and the Veterans Health Administration; the VHA Office of Research and Development; and, VHA Public Health Strategic Health Care Group. 1

National Institutes of Health 1

National Institutes of Health, NIH; National Cancer Institute, NCI; Breast Cancer Now, BCN; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, DCEG; European Commission, EC; National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: 1011618, 1164455; Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC; Ligue Contre le Cancer; Seventh Framework Programme, FP7; Institut National Du Cancer, INCa 1

Novartis 1

Numéro de contrat : PRC 20.4 - Étude réalisée par les membres d’EcoSD pour ce projet cofinancé par l'ADEME - Projet de recherche coordonné par : EcoSD; Projets de Recherche Collaboratif 2020, Coordination technique - ADEME 1

O. Rolandsson: The Västerboten County Council; M. Dorronsoro: We thank the participants of the Spanish EPIC cohort for their contribution to the study as well as to the team of trained nurses who participated in the recruitment; R. Kaaks: German Cancer Aid, German Ministry of Research (BMBF); K. T. Khaw: Medical Research Council UK, Cancer Research UK; T. Kühn: German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); S. Panico: Compagnia di San Paolo; A. M. W. Spijkerman: EPIC Bilthoven and Utrecht acknowledge the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands); EPIC Ragusa acknowledges for their participation blood donors of AVIS-Ragusa (local blood donors association); Y. T. van der Schouw: EPIC Bilthoven and Utrecht acknowledge the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), WCRF, Statistics Netherland; E. Riboli: Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre. 1

OCDE 1

Observatoire des Politiques Culturelles / Fédération des Sociétés de Musique d’Alsace, le Conseil Régional d’Alsace / IEP de Strasbourg 1

Office National de l’Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques 1

Onema 1

Onema, Agence de l'Eau Seine-Normandie, Ministère français de l'Environnement 1

Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The InterConnect project is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (grant number 602068). FJ and MBS acknowledge funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the State of Brandenburg to the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) (82DZD00302). Furthermore, this work was supported by the NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ: 01EA1806A). This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 491394008. This work was done as part of the NFDI4Health Consortium ( www.nfdi4health.de ). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – NFDI 13/1. NJW and NGF acknowledge funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00006/1and MC_UU_00006/3) and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014). NGF is an NIHR Senior Investigator (G111539). TB acknowledges funding from EUCAN-Connect under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 824989). The InterAct project was funded by the EU FP6 programme (grant number LSHM_CT_2006_037197). MBR and MAMG acknowledge that the SUN Project has received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (RD 06/0045, CIBER-OBN, Grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795, PI20/00564 and G03/140), PNSD-2020/021, the Navarra Regional Government (27/2011, 45/2011, 122/2014), PNSD 2020/2021, and the University of Navarra. LB and AW acknowledge that the COSM and SMC are part of the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-Based Life-Course and Environmental Research, SIMPLER. SIMPLER receives funding through the Swedish Research Council (grant no 2017–00644). RM acknowledges funding from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 81/15), Cancer Research UK (grant number: C20/A5860), the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, NIH, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. SMAM and VCL acknowledge that ELSA-Brasil was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Department of Science and Technology) and Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); grant numbers 01 06 0010.00, 01 06 0212.00, 01 06 0300.00, 01 06 0278.00, 01 06 0115.00 and 01 06 0071.00) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). JK acknowledges funding from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry for Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (4845-301 and 4851-302), and the Collaborative Genome Program for Fostering New Post-Genome Industry of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2017M3C9A6047623). DS and ML acknowledge that this work of MTC was supported by the American Institute for Cancer Research (grant number 05B047) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) (grant number S0008-2009-1: 000000000115312). LLM acknowledges funding from the US National Institutes of Health grant U01 CA164973; SSSM received the Wiebe Visser International Dairy Nutrition Prize and has received recent research funding (2019) for epidemiological studies on dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases from the Dutch Dairy Association and the Danish Dairy Research Foundation. PMV and PV acknowledge funding from GlaxoSmithKline, the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401 and 33CS30_177535/1). MK and the Whitehall II study were supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRCMR/R024227/1), the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z) and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH, RF1AG062553, R01AG056477), during the conduct of the study. The funding sources did not participate in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 1

Open access funding provided by Umea University. Funding for the InterAct project was provided by the EU FP6 Programme (grant number LSHM_CT_2006_037197). The autoantibody measurement was funded by Västerbotten County Council and Umeå University, Sweden (OR), the National Institutes of Health (DK26190) (CSH) and the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/1) (NJW). OR: the Västerbotten County Council, Umeå University; MDC: Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Murcia Regional Government (N∫ 6236); EA: the Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health and Navarre Regional Government; RK: German Cancer Aid, the German Ministry of Research (BMBF); TJK: Cancer Research UK; KTK: the Medical Research Council UK, Cancer Research UK; PMN: the Swedish Research Council; KO: the Danish Cancer Society; SP: Compagnia di San Paolo; AMWS: the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands; RT: AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS-Ragusa, Sicilian Regional Government; AMWS: LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); YTvdS: verification of diabetes cases was additionally funded by NL Agency grant IGE05012 and an Incentive Grant from the Board of the UMC Utrecht, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds; NGF: MRC core support (MC_UU_12015/5); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215-20014). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Acknowledgements 1

Our study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI15/00639 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund [ERDF], a way to build Europe). We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. Regional Government of Asturias, German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM, France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020; Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPICNorfolk; C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPICNorfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford, United Kingdom). 1

Outre le financement PREBAT (ADEME-PUCA), cette recherche bénéficie d'une bourse doctorale de la Région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et d'un financement partiel de l'agence Nationale de la Recherche ans le cadre du programme "Vulnérabilités : à l'articulation du sanitaire et du social", ANR-08-VULN-002, responsable scientifique Claire Lévy-Vroelant, Université Paris VIII 1

Ouvrage issu de travaux du programme de recherche et d’innovation dansles transports terrestres PREDIT, publié avec le soutien de la Directionde la Recherche et de l ’Innovation (service de la recherche) du Commissariatgénéral au Développement durable du Ministère français de l ’Environnement,de l’Écologie et de la Mer (MEEM/CGDD/DRI/SR). 1

PARSEC is funded by the Belmont Forum through the National Science Foundation (NSF), The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the French National Research Agency (ANR). J.M. is grateful for the support from FAPESP (grant 2020/03514–9), R.D. is grateful for the support from EOSC-Life (grant agreement N°824087) 1

PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102 National Institutes of Health, NIH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC: UM1 CA‐176726 Marie Curie Research Executive Agency, REA UniversitÃ© Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC 1

PHRC20‐0424, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé 1

PI13/00061, PI13/01162 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF European Commission, EC European Research Council, ERC: ERC-2009-AdG 232997 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Generalitat de Catalunya: 2014 SGR 726, RD12/0036/0018 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR Ligue Contre le Cancer Vetenskapsrådet, VR Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: CP15/00100 European Social Fund, ESF Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Institut Gustave-Roussy European Regional Development Fund, ERDF Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF 1

PI13/00061, PI13/01162 RD06/0020 6236 KrÃ¦ftens BekÃ¦mpelse, DCS Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, ESF National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC: CP15/00100, MR/M012190/1 Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A19170 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: ERC-2009-AdG 232997 European Commission, EC Institut National de la SantÃ© et de la Recherche MÃ©dicale, Inserm Bundesministerium fÃ¼r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer VetenskapsrÃ¥det, VR Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII NordForsk European Social Fund, ESF Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Mutuelle GÃ©nÃ©rale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN 1

PIA-PSPC FIABILIN 1

PIA-PSPC SINFONI 1

PIVOTS project by the Centre-Val de Loire region (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015-2020) 1

PNR EST 3

PNR des Vosges du Nord 1

PREDIT 4 (2008-2012) - Groupe opérationnel n°6 "Politiques de transport", Convention de subvention n°09 MT CV 06 Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie, en charge des Technologies vertes et des Négociations sur le climat. "Les territoires des politiques de transport : Action publique, Intermodalité, Mobilité durable" 1

PUCA 1

PUCA (Ministère), Région PACA, Caisse des dépôts et Consignations 1

Parc Naturel Régional du Haut-Languedoc 1

Parc national de La Réunion 1

Parc naturel marin d'Iroise 1

Part of this study was supported by the ‘CPER/Region Guadeloupe’, grant nr. J-2-1-J210002, by the PHRC-API 2012, by APL 2010-Recherche Clinique CHU Pointe-a-Pitre, and by the ‘Conseil Regional de la Guadeloupe’, fellow-ship to R. H., who also received supports from the association ‘Guadeloupe - Espoir - Drepanocytose’, Club Soroptimist de Pointe-a-Pitre, Semsamar Guadeloupe and Fondation Semsamar Solidarites Saint-Martin 1

Pfizer 1

Pfizer Foundation Fondation de France 1

Plan France Médecine Génomique 2025, Ministère Des Affaires Sociales et de La Santé 1

Predit
Ademe
CUB 1

Programme CDE 2 (2008-2012), ADEME, Ministère de l’Écologie et du développement durable. 1

Programme CDE, Ministère de l'environnement (2009-2011) 6

Programme CDE; Ministère de l'écologie et ADEME 1

Programme Concertation, Décision, Environnement / Ministère de l'Ecologie 1

Programme Concertation, Décision, Environnement / Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable - APR 2008 1

Programme Concertation, décision, environnement, ADEME, MEEDDAT 1

Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (French Department of Health) [PHRCN-12008-0437] 1

Programme Plateforme d'Observations des Projets et des Stratégies Urbaines POPSU 2 http://www.popsu.archi.fr/popsu2/accueil GIP AIGP (Atelier International du Grand Paris) PUCA Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Energie 1

Projet "Du peuplier pour l'avenir" (financement Ministère de l'Agriculture) 1

Projet "Grenelle : acteurs, discours, effets", Programme Concertation, décision, environnement / Ministère de l'écologie (2009-2011) 1

Projet ADEME Résiliance. 1

Projet ADEME Résiliancelab recherche environnement VINCI ParisTech 1

Projet ADEME SAM 1

Projet CNES EROFALITT“Service National d'Observation” DYNALIT 1

Projet COLCICCA, CEREMA/IFSTTAR/Chambre d'Agriculture des hauts de France/ Région Hauts-de-France 1

Projet Cosmeteau financé par l'AFB et l'AESN, et programme OPUR financé par l'AESN, le SIAAP, la Ville de Paris, les CD 92, CD93 et CD94 1

Projet INNOV (DGITM); Projet INNOVplus (ADEME) 1

Projet de recherche 2009 ADEME-Région Nord-pas-de-Calais 1

RD06/0020 6236 Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Wellcome Trust, WT: C570/A16491, C8221/A19170, MR/M012190/1 National Research Council, NRC Medical Research Council, MRC British Heart Foundation, BHF Cancer Research UK, CRUK World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF: WCRF 2013/1002 Food Standards Agency, FSA Stroke Association European Commission, EC Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Stavros Niarchos Foundation, SNF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica, AIRE Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Greece Fondation Gustave Roussy Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF 1

RP2-F17095, CEREMA CNOSSOS (2017-2018) 2

RRA, National Radio Research Agency 1

Recherche financée par Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale Direction de la Recherche, des Etudes, de l'Evaluation et des Statistiques Mission Recherche (MiRe) 1

Recherche financée par l’ADEME (décision de financement n°1366C0046 du 2 août 2013) 1

Recherche-action est à la fois soutenue par Orléans Métropole et l’État, via le programme POPSU, ainsi que par 2 PETR et la région Centre-Val de Loire, via le dispositif « A VOS ID ». 1

Rencontres Champlain-Montaigne, Ville de Québec, Ville de Bordeaux, Conférence régionale des élus de la Capitale-Nationale, Conseil régional d'Aquitaine, Université Laval, Pôle universitaire de Bordeaux 1

Research funded in part by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR- 2010-PRSP-003, and the Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study of Asthma (GABRIEL), a multidisciplinary study to identify the genetic and environmental causes of asthma in the European Community (contract 018996 from the European Commission). 1

Réalisé sur un financement Ademe 1

Réalisé à l'occasion d'un stage au Département de la Recherche de l'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) 1

Région Bretagne / ADEME 1

Région Franche-Comté 1

Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, Agence Française de Développement 1

Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable 1

Sanofi-Synthélabo, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, the Regions Aquitaine, Bourgogne et Languedoc-Roussillon, Fondation de France, Ministère de la recherche -Inserm Programme "Cohortes et collecte de données biologiques". 1

Sante publique France (the French Public Health Agency); Saint-Maurice, France [9/25/2002-5]; French National Research Program for Environmental and Occupational Health of Anses [EST-2016/1/42] 1

Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic (VEGA), Project Nos. 1/0756/20 and 01/0136/18 1

Service de la recherche du Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'ÉnergieProgramme "Paysage et développement durable" 1

Sigrid Juselius Foundation 1

Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV), Project Nos. SK-BY-RD-19-0019 and SK-PL-18-0080 1

Smith, Kline and French 1

Sources of Funding: Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; Agency for Health Care Policy Research, UK; John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and National Institute on Aging, NIH, US; Academy of Finland, Finland; EU New OSH ERA Research Programme and European Science Foundation. MK and JV are supported by the Academy of Finland. GDB is a Wellcome Trust Fellow. GDB is a Wellcome Trust Fellow. MM is a MRC professor. MJS is supported by the British Heart Foundation, AS-M is supported by a "European Young Investigator Award" from the European Science Foundation, and JEF is supported by the Medical Research Council, UK. 1

Sources of Funding: Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; Agency for Health Care Policy Research, UK; John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and National Institute on Aging, NIH, US; Academy of Finland, Finland; EU New OSH ERA Research Programme and European Science Foundation. MK, STN and JV are supported by the Academy of Finland. MK is also supported by EU New OSH ERA Research Programme and the BUPA Foundation, UK. GDB is a Wellcome Trust Fellow. MM is a MRC professor. MJS and MH are supported by the British Heart Foundation, AS-M is supported by a "European Young Investigator Award" from the European Science Foundation, and JEF is supported by the Medical Research Council, UK. 1

State Committee on Science and Technology of the Republic of Belarus (SCST RB) B20-SLKG-002 1

Subvention de recherche de la Fondation de France (année 2007) dans le cadre de l’appel à projets Maladies Psychiques et vie sociale des personnes adultes (projet n°2006006392). 1

Supported by grants from Secretariat d'Etat à la Recherche Scientifique et à la Technologie (PNM 95/SP08, 99/UR/088–59, UR/06/02) and Ministère de la Santé Publique (Tunisia) – Institut Français de Coopération (Coopération inter-hospitalière). 1

Supported by grants from the National Hospital Clinical Research Program of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC AOM 01004) and the Clinical Research Department of the Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (FAP06011). 1

Supported by the French Ministry of Health and the Delegation for Clinical Research of the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. 1

Supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Plan (NKP 29_38) and FWO (G0B4414N); a research grant ‘Emmanuel van der Schueren’ from Kom Op Tegen Kanker (Stand up to Cancer); by the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche; the Université Paris Descartes; the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and the SIRIC CARPEM; and the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC, Program “Equipe labelisée LIGUE,” EL2016.LNCC/VaT). 1

Supported in part by grants from the University Hospital of Nantes and Fondation Avenir in 2010, the French National Agency for Research, called “Investissements d’Avenir” IRON Labex ANR-11-LABX-0018-01 and ArronaxPlus Equipex ANR-11-EQPX-0004 and by a grant INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12558 (SIRIC ILIAD). 1

Sébastien Boyaval has been supported by ANR JCJC SEDIFLOProject-ANR-15-CE01-0013.Mark Dostalık has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation, Grant Number 20-11027X. Additional funding was provided by institutional grants Charles University Grant Agency, Grant Number 1652119, and by Charles University Research Programme No. UNCE/SCI/023. 1

Séjour de recherche à l'étranger, Financement PACTE / Commission scientifique de l'IEP de Grenoble (appel préciput ANR) & Chaire Ville de Sciences Po 1

TSER Programme (Contract n° SOE 1-1054): Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development, European Commission 1

The presented work is funded by the Medical Research Council NewInvestigator Award (G0501184). The Whitehall II study is supportedby the following bodies in the UK: Medical Research Council; Economicand Social Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health andSafety Executive; Department of Health; and in the US: National HeartLung and Blood Institute (HL36310), NIH; National Institute on Aging (AG13196), NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research(HS06516); the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation. MKivimäki is supported by the Academy of Finland and the BUPAFoundation Specialist Research Grant. 1

The 3-City Study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Victor Segalen-Bordeaux II University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Caisse Nationale de Solidarité et Longévité (CNSA) and Ministry of Research-INSERM Programme "Cohortes et collections de données biologiques." SD, CD, and CT are recipients of a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR). SD and CT are recipients of a grant from the Fondation Leducq. 1

The 3C Study is conducted under a partnership agreement between Inserm, the Victor Segalen–Bordeaux II University and Sanofi-Synthélabo and was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, the Regional Governments of Aquitaine, Bourgogne and Languedoc-Roussillon and, the Fondation de France, the Ministry of Research-Inserm Programme “Cohorts and collection of biological material”. The Lille Génopôle received a grant from Eisai. Part of this project is financed by two grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (projects 07-LVIE-004 and 06-PNRA-005). Isabelle Jaussent, Dr. Jean Bouyer, Dr. Marie-Laure Ancelin, Dr. Catherine Helmer and Dr. Alain Besset report no disclosures. Dr. Jean-Philippe Empana has received consultancy honoraria from Lundbeck and speaker honoraria from Pfizer. Dr. Karen Ritchie serves on scientific advisory boards for the Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, and MRC Strategic Steering Committee (Longitudinal Health and Aging Research Unit); and serves on the editorial advisory boards of the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Dementia, International Psychogeriatrics, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gerontology, Psychogeriatrics, Neuronale, Neurologie-Psychiatrie- Gériatrie, and Gerontology. Dr. Christophe Tzourio has received fees from the Fondation Plan Alzheimer, the Fondation de Recherche sur l’Hypertension Artérielle, and the ABBOTT company for participating in scientific committees. He has also received investigator-initiated research funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) and the Fondation Plan Alzheimer for the 3C study. He serves on the editorial advisory board of Neuroepidemiology, Journal of Hypertension, and Journal of Alzheimer’s disease. Pr. Yves Dauvilliers has received funds for speaking and board engagements with UCB pharma, Cephalon, Jazz, Novartis, and Bioprojet. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 1

The 3C Study is conducted under a partnership agreement between the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Victor-Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The 3C-Study was also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, MGEN, the Institut de la Longévité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, the Regional Governments of Aquitaine, Bourgogne and Languedoc-Roussillon, the Fondation de France, the Ministry of Research-Inserm Programme 'Cohorts and collection of biological material', Novartis, the "ANR-Agence Nationale de la Recherche-The French National Research Agency" under the "Programme National de Recherche en Alimentation et nutrition humaine", project "COGINUT ANR-06-PNRA-005", the "Programme Longévité et vieillissement", project 07-LVIE-004" and 07-LVIE 003 01, the Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique (IReSP), Paris, France. 1

The AMI project was funded by AGRICA (CAMARCA, CRCCA, CCPMA PREVOYANCE, CPCEA, AGRI PREVOYANCE), la Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA) de Gironde, la Caisse Centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole (CCMSA). The AGRICA Group is a specialist for companies and employees of the agricultural world seeking supplemental pension, savings and healthcare insurance. AGRICA is one of the major French insurance providers offering protection for people employed in the agricultural sector. The other fundings come from the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA), which is the unique Farmer Health Insurance System in France. 1

The ANRS-CO22 HEPATHER cohort was sponsored and funded by The French Research Agency ANRS (France REcherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites). 1

The CACAO study was funded by the French National Agency for Continuing Medical Education (Agence nationale du Développement Professionnel Continu). 1

The COLIBAFI study was supported by grants from “Réseau de Recherche Clinique” (INSERM: RBM-03-58) and “Projet Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique” (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris: AOR 04 053). 1

The E3N study is financially supported by the FrenchLeague Against Cancer, the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, theInstitut Gustave Roussy, the Institut National de la Santé et de la RechercheMédicale. The present project also received grant from the Oncostarter Programof the Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes and the French Environment andEnergy Management Agency. A.D. is supported by a doctoral fellowshipfrom the laboratory Santé, Individu, Société’, Ecole Doctorale InterdisciplinaireSciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1. 1

The E3N study is supporting financially by the French League against Cancer, the European Community, the 3M Company, the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, and the French Drugs Regulatory Agency (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé ). 1

The EPIC study is funded by a number of grants; however, no funding source had any role in the preparation of this article. The EPIC study was funded by the Europe against Cancer program of the European Commission (SANCO), Italian Association for Research on Cancer, and Italian National Research Council. In addition, the authors thank the following for their financial support: the Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition, and Individual Susceptibility Network of Excellence, operating within the European Union Sixth Framework Program, Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety (FOOD‐CT‐2005‐513943); European Community Fifth Framework Program (grant QLK4CT199900927); ISCIII, Red de Centros RCESP (C03/09); Deutsche Krebshilfe; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Cancer Society; Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, and Navarra; Cancer Research UK; Medical Research Council, UK; Stroke Association, UK; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, UK; Food Standards Agency, UK; Wellcome Trust, UK; Greek Ministry of Health; Greek Ministry of Education; Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Italian National Research Council; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare, and Sports; Netherlands Cancer Registry; LK Research Funds; Dutch Prevention Funds, Zorg Onderzoek Nederland; World Cancer Research Fund; Statistics Netherlands; Swedish Cancer; Swedish Scientific Council; Regional Government of Skåne and Västerbotten, Sweden; Norwegian Cancer Society; Research Council of Norway; French League against Cancer; INSERM; Mutuelle Generale l'Education National; and IGR. The EPIC‐Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC‐UU_12015/1) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136). 1

The French COVID cohort is funding by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n°20-0424). Work in OS lab is funded by Institut Pasteur, Urgence COVID-19 Fundraising Campaign of Institut Pasteur, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), ANRS, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2 and IDISCOVR. Outside the submitted work, JSH is supported by AP-HP, INSERM, the French National Research Agency (NADHeart ANR-17-CE17-0015-02, PACIFIC ANR-18-CE14-0032-01, CORRECT_LMNA ANR-19-CE17-0013-02), the ERA-Net-CVD (ANR-16-ECVD-0011-03, Clarify project), Fédération Française de Cardiologie, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, and by a grant from the Leducq Foundation (18CVD05), and is coordinating a French PIA Project (2018-PSPC-07, PACIFIC-preserved, BPIFrance) and a University Research Federation against heart failure (FHU2019, PREVENT_Heart Failure). 1

The French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) and the Nuclear Energy Divisionof the French Sustainable Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA/DEN) are kindly thankedfor financial supports. The research reported in this paper has been supported in part by the SEISMParis Saclay Research Institute. 1

The Hokkaido-Sapporo Study is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ( JPMH14427175 , JPMH19189425 , JPMH17932352 ); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ( JP16H02645 , JP19H01071 , JP18H03035 , JP15H04780 , JP19K10576 , JP19K10636 , JP18K10042 , JP18K10022 , JP19K22730 , JP19K20457 ); and an Environment Research and Technology Development fund ( JPMEERF20145054 , JPMEERF20175053 , JPMEERF20205002 ); AMED ( JPMH19188595 , JPMH18950314 ); and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( JPMI10001 ). 1

The IMACORS study was funded by the Groupement de Coopération SanitaireGrand-Est, the Regional Council of Burgundy, a French National Research Agency grant under theprogram “Investissementsd’Avenir” (ANR-11-LABX-0021), and a grant from Brahms France SAS. 1

The NephroTest CKD cohort study is supported by the following grants: INSERM GIS-IReSP AO 8113LS TGIR, French Ministry of Health AOM 09114, INSERM AO 8022LS, Agence de la Biom?decine R0 8156LL, AURA and Roche 2009-152-447G. 1

The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research , NIH/NIEHS (contract no N01-ES-75558 ), NIH/NINDS (grant no. 1 UO1 NS 047537–01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537–06A1 ). MoBa1 and MoBa 2 are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( Z01-ES-49019 ) and Norwegian Research Council /BIOBANK (grant no 221097 ). The work in MoBa3 was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship grant from the Ulleval Hospitals Research Council (now under Oslo University Hospital) and travel grants from the Unger-Vetlesens foundation and the Norwegian American Womens Club , all to M.C.M.K. MoBa3 epigenomics data analyses were funded by INCA/Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM, France, and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C), and performed by the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France), A.G. was supported by the grant from INCA /Plan Cancer-EVA-INSERM (France, 2015) to Z.H. and also by the IARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, partially supported by the EC FP7 Marie Curie Actions-People-Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND). 1

The Nurses? Health Study II is coordinated at the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses? Health Study II for their valuable contributions. Support for this study was provided by grants R01 OH-010359 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), UM1 CA-176726 (National Institutes of Health) and funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no. PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE program coordinated by Campus France. John Meyer declares that he has no conflict of interest in the review and publication decision regarding this article. 1

The Nurses’ Health Study II is coordinated at the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses’ Health Study II for their valuable contributions. Support for this study was provided by grants R01 OH‐010359 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), UM1 CA‐176726 (National Institutes of Health) and funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) under REA grant agreement no. PCOFUND‐GA‐2013‐609102, through the PRESTIGE program coordinated by Campus France. 1

The Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) received funds from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number 23197). The Kamphaeng Phet study was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (grant number P01-AI034533) and the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP) (grant number S0016_04_AF), the Ratchaburi study was supported by funds from PDVI and the Thai Ministry of Public Health, and the Kampong Cham study received funds from PDVI and KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency). Except PDVI, the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 1

The Project Viva cohort is funded by NIH grants R01HL111108 , R01NR013945 , and R37 HD034568 . 1

The RISC Study was supported by EU grant QLG1-CT-2001-01252 . Additional support was received from AstraZeneca (Sweden). The EGIR group activities were supported by an unrestricted research grant from Merck Serono, France . JJL was supported by grants from the University of Southern Denmark and Region of Southern Denmark , and MF was supported by a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation and The Steno Diabetes Centre Odense . 1

The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects , and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of Obesity and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014; ‘Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–2015). The work was also supported by MICINN ( MTM2015-68140-R ), Centro Nacional de Genotipado - CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII, the H2020 -EU.3.1.2. - Preventing Disease Programme (grant agreement no 874583 ) (ATHLETE project), and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant Agreement number: 733206 ) (Early Life stressors and Lifecycle Health (LIFECYCLE)). 1

The STANISLAS study is sponsored by Nancy CHRU. This work is supported by the French Ministry of Health “Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique Inter regional 2013,” by the Contrat de Plan Etat-Lorraine and FEDER Lorraine, and a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the second “Investissements d’Avenir” program FIGHT-HF (reference: ANR-15-RHU-0004), and by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence,” reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE. It is also supported by the European Fibro-Targets Project (Grant agreement No. SP7#602904), European HOMAGE project (Grant agreement No. Heart “Omics” in Ageing, 7th Framework Program Grant # 305,507), the MEDIA project (Européen “Cooperation”—Theme “Health”/FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage (reference: 261409), FOCUS-MR (reference: ANR-15-CE14-0032-01), ERA-CVD EXPERT (reference: ANR-16-ECVD-0002-02), and the Fondation de Recherche en Hypertension Artérielle. 1

The SYMBRION project is funded by the European Commission through the FET Proactive Initiative: PERVASIVE ADAPTATION, the grant agreement n° 216342. 1

The TEMPO cohort is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), the French Institute for Public Health Research-IReSP (TGIR Cohortes), the French Inter-departmental Mission for the Fight against Drugs and Drug Addiction (MILDeCA), the French Institute of Cancer (INCa) and the Pfizer Foundation. The TEMPO COVID-19 study is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program RESPOND (The RESPOND project is funded under Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020). The content of this article reflects only the authors’ views and the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein).+ 1

The Three-City Study is conducted under a partnership agreement between the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Victor Segalen –Bordeaux2 University and the Sanofi-Synthélabo company. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and beginning of the study. The 3C-Study is also sponsored by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Ministry of Research-INSERM Program Cohortes et collections de données biologiques, the Fondation Plan Alzheimer (FCS 2009-2012), and the Caisse Nationale pour la Solidarité et l’Autonomie (CNSA). Financial support for 3C-COGINUT project was provided by the French National Research Agency (ANR-06-PNRA-005). Vitamin D assessment was funded by Laboratoires Théa (Clermont-Ferrand, France). 1

The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the British Medical Research Council (MRC); the British Heart Foundation; the British Health and Safety Executive; the British Department of Health; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant R01HL036310); the National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196; R01AG034454); the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (grant HS06516); and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health. J.E.F. is supported by the National Institute on Aging and M.K and T.A by the Academy of Finland (project 124322), MK is also supported by the BUPA Foundation, AS-M is supported by a "EURYI‟ award from the European Science Foundation, MGM by an MRC Research Professorship and M.J.S. by a grant from the British Heart Foundation. 1

The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the British Medical Research Council; British Economic and Social Research Council; British Heart Foundation; UK Health and Safety Executive; UK Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, National Institutes of Health: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US, National Institutes of Health; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health. 1

The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196 and AG34454), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health; and the BUPA Foundation, UK. MK and JV are supported by the Academy of Finland (Projects no. #124271, #124322, #129262 and #132944), MK is additionally supported by the BUPA Foundation Specialist research grant, AS-M is supported by a 'EURYI' award from the European Science Foundation, MJS is supported by the British Heart Foundation and MGM is supported by a MRC Research Professorship. 1

The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health. MK and JV are supported by the Academy of Finland (Projects no. 124271, 124322 and 129264) and Finnish Work Environment Foundation; MK is also supported by the BUPA Foundation and the EU New OSH ERA research programme; AS-M is supported by a "EURYI‟ award from the European Science Foundation and MGM is supported by a MRC Research Professorship. J.E.F. is supported by the Medical Research Council (Grant number G8802774)and M.J.S. is supported by the British Heart Foundation. 1

The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council;British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National HeartLung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US,NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine TMacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development andSocioeconomic Status and Health. MM is supported by an MRC Research Professorship. 1

The Whitehall II study has been supportedby grants from the British Medical Research Council(MRC); the British Heart Foundation; the BritishHealth and Safety Executive; the British Departmentof Health; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insti-tute (grant HL36310); the National Institute onAging (grant AG13196); the Agency for Health CarePolicy and Research (grant HS06516); and the JohnD. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation ResearchNetworks on Successful Midlife Development and So-cioeconomic Status and Health. Michael Marmot issupported by an MRC research professorship. 1

The Whitehall II study is supported by grants from the British Medical Research Council (MRC) G8802774; the British Heart Foundation; the 18 British Health and Safety Executive; the British Department of Health; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036310); the National Institute on Aging, NIH (R01AG013196 and R01AG034454); and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (grant HS06516). MK is supported by an ESRC professorial fellowship. 1

The Whitehall II study is supported by grants from the British Medical Research Council (MRC) G8802774; the British Heart Foundation; the British Health and Safety Executive; the British Department of Health; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036310); the National Institute on Aging, NIH (R01AG013196 and R01AG034454); and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (grant HS06516). David Batty is a Wellcome Trust inserm-00770870, version 1 - 7 Jan 2013 Author manuscript, published in "Am J Clin Nutr 2013;:epub ahead of print" DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.112.041582 2 Fellow. Martin Shipley is supported by the British Heart Foundation. Mika Kivimaki is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01HL36310 and R01AG034454), the UK Medical Research Council and an ESRC professorship. Tasnime Akbaraly was supported by the NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL36310). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 1

The Whitehall II study is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL036310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196 and R01AG034454), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health. JV and MK are supported by the Academy of Finland (projects 124271, 124322, 129262 and 132944) and MK is additionally supported by the BUPA Foundation, UK, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute on Aging, USA. MJS and AB are supported by a grant from the British Heart Foundation and MGM by a Medical Research Council research professorship. AS-M is supported by a "European Young Investigator Award" from the European Science Foundation. 1

The Whitehall II study is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL036310), US, NIH and the National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196 and R01AG034454), US, NIH. MJS is supported by a grant from the British Heart Foundation and MGM is supported by an MRC research preofessorship. MK is supported by the BUPA Foundation, UK, the Academy of Finland (projects #124271, #124322, #129262 and #132944) and the EU New OSH ERA Research Programme. AS-M is supported by a "European Young Investigator Award" from the European Science Foundation and the National Institute on Aging, NIH (R01AG013196, R01AG034454). MM is the recipient of a Young Researcher Award from the French National Research Agency (ANR) 1

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Data used in preparation of this article were obtained in the context of CENTER-TBI, a large collaborative project with the support of the European Union 7th Framework program (EC Grant 602150). Additional funding was obtained from the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung (Germany), from OneMind (USA), and from Integra LifeSciences Corporation (USA). Data for the CENTER-TBI study were collected through the Quesgen e-CRF (Quesgen Systems Inc, USA), hosted on the INCF platform and extracted via the INCF Neurobot tool (INCF, Sweden). The funder had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; writing of the report; and the decision to submit the article for publication. 1

The authors acknowledge the support of the following contracts, partially funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme FP7: BioSHaRE-EU project, grant agreement number 261433, theme FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage; BBMRI-LPC project, grant agreement number 313010, theme FP7-INFRA-2012-1.1.9. Further support was provided by the French infrastructure BIOBANQUES funded through ANR (Agence Nationalede la Recherche). The authors are also grateful to the Italian Ministry of Health (ISS ref. C003) and to the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (ISS ref. V16) for the support provided for Italian participation in BBMRI-ERIC. 1

The authors are grateful to the French National Research Agency for support under project ANR-13-BS03-0010 andthe French RENATECH network (French National Nanofabrication Platform), as well as the French Embassy of Singapore (Merlion project). 1

The authors performed this work with funding from the UrbaRiskLab (URL) project (https://urbarisklab.org/fr/ and the RESIIST project (ANR-18-CE39-0018, https://research gi.mines-albi.fr/display/resiist/RESIIST + Home (in French)) that is jointly funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and the General Secretary of Defence and National Security (SGDSN). The authors acknowledge these organisations for their support that helped improve the paper 1

The authors thank Bertrand H?mon for his valuable help with the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) database. This study was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain (CP15/00100), and cofounded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ?A way to build Europe.? The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); European Research Council (ERC-2009-AdG 232997); Health Research Fund (FIS): PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, AGAUR - Generalitat de Catalunya (exp. 2014 SGR 726), The Health Research Funds RD12/0036/0018, cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ?A way to build Europe (Spain)?; Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. R.Z.-R. was supported by the ?Miguel Servet? program (CP15/00100) from the Institute of Health Carlos III and European Social Fund (ESF). 1

The authors thank all participants in the EPIC cohort for their invaluable contribution to the study. The authors also thank Bertrand Hémon (IARC) for his precious help with the EPIC database. We thank the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution to, and ongoing support of, the EPIC Study. We acknowledge the use of data and biological samples from the EPIC-Oxford cohort, PI Tim Key, from the EPIC-Utrecht cohort, PI Roel Vermeulen, and from the EPIC-Asturias cohort, PI Ramón Quirós. We thank CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya for the institutional support to IDIBELL. RZ-R and we would like to thank the “Miguel Servet” program (CPII20/00009) from the Institute of Health Carlos III (Spain) and the European Social Fund (ESF). Disclaimer: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. 1

The authors thank the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution and ongoing support to the EPIC study. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Kr?ftens Bek?mpelse) (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe), German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium f?r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS-ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Barcelona) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden), Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsr?det), County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). Panagiota Pagoni is funded by Medical Research Council (grant reference MC_UU_00011/6). Infrastructure support for the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Imperial College London (UK) was provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, or the preparation, review and approval of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 1

The authors thank the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution and ongoing support to the EPIC study. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG‐SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Kræftens Bekæmpelse) (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe), German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS‐ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Barcelona) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden), Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford) (United Kingdom). Panagiota Pagoni is funded by Medical Research Council (grant reference MC_UU_00011/6). Infrastructure support for the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Imperial College London (UK) was provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, or the preparation, review and approval of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 1

The authors would also like to thank Ingvild Essen for thorough field work, Heidi Marie Nordheim for biological sample management and the MoBa administrative unit (MoBa). The MoBa Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research . We are grateful to all the participating families in Norway who take part in this on-going cohort study. 1

The authors would like to thank Mr Bertrand Hemon for his support in preparing the databases, Ms Audrey Gicquiau and Dr David Achaintre for the analyses of samples in several of the original studies, and all EPIC participants. The EPIC-Norfolk team thank all the participants who have been part of the project and the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. 1

The authors would like to thank the "Conseil Français de l'Energie", the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDAD - Program PDD "Paysage et Développement Durable"), the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) , the Region Ile-de-France and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS - Programme Interdisciplinaire pour l'Energie) for their financial support of this research. 1

The authors would like to thank the EPIC study participants and staff for their valuable contribution to this research. The authors would also like to thank Mr Bertrand Hemon for his support in preparing the databases and Dr Joseph Rothwell for his support in creating the figures. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DGSANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM; France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); ERC‐2009‐AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC‐Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford; United Kingdom). 1

The authors would like to thank the EPIC study participants and staff for their valuable contribution to this research. The authors would also like to thank Ms Beatrice Vozar, Mr Bertrand Hemon and Ms Carine Biessy for the analysis of plasma samples, and the preparation of the databases. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS)?Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology?ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), MedicalResearch Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. The EPIC-Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1, MC-PC_13048 and MC-UU_12015/1). We are grateful to all the participants who have been part of the project and to the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of data and samples from EPIC centres in Cambridge, France, Asturias, and Navarro. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the article. Our study was funded by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund to Marc Gunter (Grant number: WCRF 2013/1002). 1

The authors would like to thank the EPIC study participants and staff for their valuable contribution to this research. The authors would also like to thank Ms Beatrice Vozar, Mr Bertrand Hemon and Ms Carine Biessy for the analysis of plasma samples, and the preparation of the databases. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC‐Oxford), MedicalResearch Council (1000143 to EPIC‐Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford). (United Kingdom), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. The EPIC‐Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1, MC‐PC_13048 and MC‐UU_12015/1). We are grateful to all the participants who have been part of the project and to the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of data and samples from EPIC centres in Cambridge, France, Asturias, and Navarro. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the article. Our study was funded by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund to Marc Gunter (Grant number: WCRF 2013/1002). 1

The authors would like to thank the Ligue Contre le Cancer (Nationale and Comités du Calvados, de l’Orne, de la Manche, du Maine et Loire et de Paris), the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (caisse centrale et caisses des Alpes du Nord, de l’Alsace, de Bourgogne, des Côtes Normandes, de Franche Comté, de Gironde, de Loire-Atlantique Vendée, de Midi Pyrénées Nord, de la Picardie), the Fondation de France (Mr Edouard Serres), the Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (within the call for projects 2005, 2006 and 2010 of the programme ’Environnement Santé Travail’ of ANSES, with funding from l’ONEMA in support of the Ecophyto 2018 plan), the Institut National du Cancer, the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (grant number ARC 02-010), the Institut National de Médecine Agricole, the Conseil Régional de Basse Normandie and the François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Centre, which funded this work. 1

The contribution of Karën Fort to this work was realized as part of the Quæro Programme32, funded by OSEO, French State agency for innovation. The original Phrase Detectives game was funded as part of the EPSRC AnaWiki project, EP/F00575X/1. 1

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). 1

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). 1

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). 1

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). 1

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). R. Z.-R. is supported by the ‘Miguel Servet’ programme (CP15/00100) from the Institute of Health Carlos III and the European Social Fund (ESF). 1

The current project is funded with 60,000 euros grant from the PRPH 3 program by the French Development Agency and the French Hospital Federation (PRPH 3 file no 2147369). This grant is exclusively dedicated to the setting-up of the platform and the training sessions. 1

The design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data and also the writing manuscript was funded by a grant from Nantes University Hospital “AOI 2015 - RC15_0419” obtained in 2015. The software of the EKITE cohort and the statistics were supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR-16-LCV1–0003-01) to implement the Plug-Stat®. 1

The first part of this study and the 8-year evaluation were funded by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (Programme hospitalier de recherche clinique 2004 and 2012, AOM04084 ) and sponsored by AP–HP (Département de la recherche clinique et du développement) . The second part of this study (4-year outcome) was funded by a grant from the Institut de recherche en santé publique (IRESP) . 1

The first part of this study and the 8-year evaluation were funded by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (Programme hospitalier de recherche clinique 2004 and 2012, AOM04084) and sponsored by AP?HP (D?partement de la recherche clinique et du d?veloppement). The second part of this study (4-year outcome) was funded by a grant from the Institut de recherche en sant? publique (IRESP). 1

The grant from Société Nationale Française de Gastro-Entérologie (« Fonds d’Aide à la Recherche et à l’Evaluation en Hépato-gastroentérologie », FARE SNFGE 2013–2014) allows to perform multiplex analysis and genotyping of patients. This publication has been logistically supported by the French National Research Agency under the program “Investissements d’avenir” Grant Agreement LabEx MAbImprove: ANR-10-LABX-53. AG is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Fondation de France. 1

The initial data collection for the initiation of the cohort study was funded by the D?partement de la Recherche Clinique et du Developpement, AP-HP (Paris, No. PHRC 2003; AOM 03018). In depth analyses and manuscript preparation were funded thanks to a co-funding by the French Ministry of Health?s general direction of health and direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics, by the national fund for health insurance of salaried workers, the national fund for health insurance of independent workers, by the national fund for solidarity and autonomy and by the national institute for prevention and education for health, in the call for research projects launched by the IReSP in 2011, and by two grants awarded to Hugo C?mara-Costa: one grant from the French Speaking Society of Research in Children with Disabilities (SFERHE, www.sferhe.org) and one joint grant from the French Traumatic Brain Injury Society (France Traumatisme Cr?nien?FTC) and the French Speaking Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SOFMER, www.sofmer.com). The authors wish to thank Doctor Fr?d?ric Courage for his valuable help in the recruitment of the control participants. 1

The initial data collection for the initiation of the cohort study was funded by the Departement de la Recherche Clinique et du Developpement, AP-HP (Paris, No. PHRC 2003; AOM 03018).The 7-year follow-up study was funded by a co-funding by the French Ministry of Health’sgeneral direction of health and direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics, by thenational fund for health insurance of salaried workers, the national fund for health insurance of independent workers, by the national fund for solidarity and autonomy and by the national institute for prevention and education for health, in the call for research projects launched by the IReSPin 2011.Indepth analyses and manuscript preparation were also funded by two grant(s) awarded to Hugo Camara-Costa: one grant from the French Speaking Society of Research in Children with Disabilities (SFERHE, www.sferhe.org) and one joint grant from the French Traumatic Brain Injury Society (France Traumatisme Cr^anien–FTC) and the French Speaking Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SOFMER, www.sofmer.com) 1

The initial data collection for the initiation of the cohort study was funded by the Département de la Recherche Clinique et du Développement, AP-HP (Paris, No. PHRC 2003; AOM 03018). The 7-year follow-up study was funded by a co-funding by the French Ministry of Health's general direction of health and direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics, the national fund for health insurance of salaried workers, the national fund for health insurance of independent workers, the national fund for solidarity and autonomy andthe national institute for prevention and education for health, in the call for research projects launched by the IReSP in 2011. In-depth analyses and manuscript preparation were also funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation (www.fondationbs.org) awarded to Sara Neumane and 2 grants awarded to Hugo Câmara-Costa: one from the French Speaking Society of Research in Children with Disabilities (SFERHE, www.sferhe.org) and one joint grant from the French Traumatic Brain Injury Society (France Traumatisme Crânien [FTC]) and the French Speaking Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SOFMER, www.sofmer.com). 1

The initial data collection for the initiation of the cohort study was funded by the Département de la Recherche Clinique et du Développement, AP–HP (Paris, No. PHRC 2003; AOM 03018). The 7-year follow-up study was co-funded by the French Ministry of Health general direction of health and direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics, by the national fund for health insurance of salaried workers, the national fund for health insurance of independent workers, by the national fund for solidarity and autonomy and by the national institute for prevention and education for health, in the call for research projects launched by the IReSP in 2011. In-depth analyses and manuscript preparation were also funded by two grants awarded to Hugo Câmara-Costa: one grant from the French Speaking Society of Research in Children with Disabilities (SFERHE, www.sferhe.org) and one joint grant from the French Traumatic Brain Injury Society (France Traumatisme Crânien - FTC) and the French Speaking Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SOFMER, www.sofmer.com). 1

The initial data collection for the initiation of the cohort study was funded by the Département de laRecherche Clinique et du Développement, AP-HP (Paris, No. PHRC 2003; AOM 03018). In depthanalyses and manuscript preparation were funded thanks to a co-funding by the French Ministry ofHealth’s general direction of health and direction of research, studies, assessment and statistics, bythe national fund for health insurance of salaried workers, the national fund for health insurance ofindependent workers, by the national fund for solidarity and autonomy and by the national institute forprevention and education for health, in the call for research projects launched by the IReSP in 2011,and by two grant(s) awarded to Hugo Câmara-Costa: one grant from the French Speaking Society ofResearch in Children with Disabilities (SFERHE, www.sferhe.org) and one joint grant from theFrench Traumatic Brain Injury Society (France Traumatisme Crânien - FTC) and the French SpeakingSociety of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SOFMER, www.sofmer.com). 1

The investigators thank the members of the QUALI-PALLI Group: Anne Abel, Laure Copel, Louise Geoffroy, Laurence Gineston, H?l?ne Godard, Xavier Grenet, Karima Nfissi, Jean-Fran?ois Richard, Sylvie Rostaing, Yael Tibi-L?vy, Isabelle Vedel, Kate Vincent, and the Clinical Research Unit team that worked on QUALI-PALLI (Layde Meaude, Sylvie Laot-Cabon, Sarah Gaston-Dreyfus, Audrey Angelard, Yasmine Saidji, Karima Mesbahi, and Wen Teng). Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PreQHos 2009-04) and sponsored by the Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris (NI10052). Ethical approval: This study was approved by a regional ethics committee (#12059, Comit? de Protection des Personnes CPP ?le de France XI, Saint Germain-en-Laye, France) and was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02814682). All participants were duly informed, and oral consent was obtained before the research. According to French health regulations, no written informed consent was required, as this was an observational study using registered data. Data sharing: The data sets generated and/or analyzed during the present study are not publicly available to protect confidentiality, but aggregated data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 1

The metabolomics infrastructure in the Division of Cancer, Imperial College London is supported by the Imperial College Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre , the Imperial College Cancer Research UK Centre and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (APS & HK). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health , Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) . The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark) ; Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Gustave Roussy , Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale , Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany) ; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy) ; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds , Dutch Prevention Funds , Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) , Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias , Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra , and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain) ; Swedish Cancer Society , Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden) ; Cancer Research UK ( 14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/ A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council ( 1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom). 1

The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); and Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004); C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143, MR/N003284/1, MC-UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_00006/1 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). The funders were not involved in designing the study; collecting, analyzing, or interpreting the data; or writing or submitting the manuscript for publication. 1

The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk; MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). IDIBELL acknowledges support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The breast cancer study was funded by the French National Cancer Institute (grant number 2015-166). The colorectal cancer studies were funded by World Cancer Research Fund (reference: 2013/1002; www.wcrf.org/ ) and the European Commission (FP7: BBMRI-LPC; reference: 313010; https://ec.europa.eu/ ). The endometrial cancer study was funded by Cancer Research UK (grant number C19335/A21351). The kidney study was funded by the World Cancer Research Fund (MJ; reference: 2014/1193; www.wcrf.org/ ) and the European Commission (FP7: BBMRI-LPC; reference: 313010; https://ec.europa.eu/ ). The liver cancer study was supported in part by the French National Cancer Institute (L’Institut National du Cancer; INCa; grant numbers 2009-139 and 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1) and by internal funds of the IARC. For the participants in the prostate cancer study, sample retrieval and preparation, and assays of metabolites were supported by Cancer Research UK (C8221/A19170), and funding for grant 2014/1183 was obtained from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme. Mathilde His’ work reported here was undertaken during the tenure of a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, financed by the Fondation ARC. The funders were not involved in designing the study; collecting, analysing, and interpreting results; or writing and submitting the manuscript for publication. 1

The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The EPIC-Norfolk study (DOI https://doi.org/10.22025/2019.10.105.00004 ) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC-UU_12015/1) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136). We are grateful to all the participants who have been part of the project and to the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. 1

The research leading to these results received funding from the Investissements davenir ANR-11-INBS-0011. This work was funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) FTLD-exome (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), PHRC Predict-PGRN (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris). 1

The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French National Institute for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which was established and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy, and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investment for the future Program (PIA; ANR-10-COHO-0006) and by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (subsidy for public service charges No. 2102 918823). This study is listed at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285230. We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to medical practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of 1

The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French National Institutes for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which was established and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy, and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to medical practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of the E3N-EPIC study group, in particular Rafika Chaït, Ghizlane Esselma, Marie Fangon, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Lyan Hoang, Roselyn Gomes and the data management team, and Amandine Gelot for data management and/or technical assistance. The work reported in this paper was performed during Agnès Fournier’s term as a Visiting Scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1

The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French NationalInstitutes for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which wasestablished and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale del’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy and the French Leagueagainst Cancer (LNCC). E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Re-search Agency (ANR) under the Investment for the future Program (PIA)(ANR-10-COHO-0006) and by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Re-search and Innovation (subsidy for public service charges #2102 918823). 1

The study has received financial support from the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (Grant ANR-20-COVI-0018) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation under Grant Agreement INV-017335. The French cohort was supported by the REACTing consortium and by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (Grant PHRC 20-0424). The funders had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. 1

The study was founded by Reacting, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-N COVID-19, project PHRC-20-0242) and the European Commission (RECoVer, grant agreement 101003589). Some authors received financial support of the national research agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash calls for COVID-19 (TheraCoV ANR-20-COVI-0018) 1

The study was funded by a grant from Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 2014–0123), along with an unrestricted grant from Bayer HealthCare. MH is supported by the Investissement d'Avenir programme managed by the French National Research Agency (grant contract ANR-18-RHUS-0006 [DESTINATION 2024]). We thank Badria Sahraoui (Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP), the members of the Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (Dominique Mottier [chair], Marion Delcroix, Jean-Luc Vachiéry, and Eric Vicaut), and all patients, investigators, and health-care professionals involved in the study. 1

The study was funded by grants from ANR (French Agency for Research, SEST call on Environmental and Occupational Health), ANSES (French Agency for Food, environmental and Occupational Health Safety, EST call on Environmental and Occupational Health), InVS (French Institute for Public Health Surveillance). The team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Fecundity and Reproduction has been funded by an AVENIR grant from Inserm (2007). 1

The study was funded by grants from Geneva University Hospitals (Humanitarian Commission, CGR 75 388), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Aquitaine Region. 1

The study was funded by the France Parkinson charity and French Ministry of Health (PHRC National 2012) and promoted by CHU Lille (coordinated by Pr Devos and Pr Corvol) with the support of the French network NS-PARK and supported by NS-PARK/F-CRIN and the Fédération de la Recherche Clinique du CHU de Lille. 1

The study was funded by the French League against Cancer, the European Community, the 3M Company, the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, the Institut Gustave Roussy, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, and the French Food Safety Agency. 1

The study was funded by the French National Research Agency Fighting Heart Failure (ANR-15-RHU-0004) and FEDER Lorraine, and all coauthors are supported by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence” GEENAGE (ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE) programmes, and the Contrat de Plan Etat Région Lorraine and FEDER IT2MP 1

The study was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Fonds Social Européen (FSE) 1

The study was supported by the following institutions: MILDT/INCa/Inserm (Grant 2006), Société de pneumologie de langue française (PhD fellowship 2007), Ligue nationale contre le cancer (Grant 2008) and the Conseil régional de Lorraine (PhD fellowship 2008 and 2009). 1

The study was supported by the ‘Institut National du Cancer’, ‘Santé Publique France’, ‘Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du travail’ (ANSES), ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Investment for the future’ (ANR-10-COHO-0009 grant for HOPE-EPI). 1

The trial was sponsored and funded by The National Agency for Research on Aids and Viral Hepatitis. 1

The work described in this article was carried out with financial support of the “Europe Against Cancer Program” of the European Commission (SANCO); the Danish Cancer Society; German Cancer Aid; Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, the 3M Company, INSERM; the German Cancer Research Center; the GermanFederal Ministry of Education and Research; the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; the National Cancer Registry and the Regional Cancer Registries Amsterdam, East and Maastricht of The Netherlands; the Norwegian Cancer Society; the Norwegian Research Council; the Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; the Greek Ministry of Health; the Greek Ministry of Education; the Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and ISCIII; Red de Centros RCESP, C03/09; the Swedish Cancer Society; the Swedish Scientific Council; the Regional Government of Skane, Sweden; Cancer Research UK; the Medical Research Council, U.K.; the Stroke Association, U.K.; the British Heart Foundation; the Department of Health, U.K.; the Food Standards Agency, U.K.; and the Wellcome Trust, U.K. 1

The work done at Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe was supported by a FEDER grant, financed by the European Union and Guadeloupe Region (Programme Opérationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Régional 2014-2020, Grant number 2015-FED-192). 1

The work of the Scientific Secretariat of the European Union Committee of Experts on Rare Diseases was financed by two consecutive Joint Actions between Member States from the European Commission's Executive Agency for Health and Consumers: the Scientific Secretariat of the European Union Committee of Rare Diseases Joint Action N° 2008 22 91 and European Union Committee of Rare Diseases Joint Action: Working for Rare Diseases N° 2011 22 01. 1

The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004; Research Directorate-General 2005-."; Ligue contre le Cancer, Societé 3M, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, The participating regional governments and institutions (Spain); Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom); Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (the Netherlands); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane (Sweden); Norwegian Cancer Society (Norway). 1

This paper is dedicated to the memory our of colleague Dr. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. 1

This paper was prepared for the ASIA‐LINK human resource development project: Euro‐Philippines Network on Banking and Finance, Safety and Soundness of the Financial System (Asialink/ASIE/B7‐3010/2005/105‐139), coordinated by the University of Limoges (www.upd.edu.ph/~cba/asialink). ASIA‐LINK is a Programme of the European Commission that seeks to promote regional and multilateral networking among higher education institutions in Europe and developing economies in Asia. 1

This project was funded by the French agency: Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR – http://www.agencenationale-recherche.fr/Projet-ANR-15-CE22-0018). Part of the equipment was funded by iDEX Paris -Saclay, in the framework of the project ACE-ICSEN. Measurements from the SIRTA station were performed within the ACTRIS research infrastructure under the H2020 grant agreement 654109. Additional support from CEA and CNRS are acknowledged. Appendix A 1

This research was funded by the Stand Up to Cancer campaign for Cancer Research UK. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM, France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Bilthoven, The Netherlands) for their contribution to data collection; Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to KTK, NJW; C570/A16491 to RCT and C8221/A19170 to TK [EPIC-Oxford]), Medical Research Council (1000143 to KTK, NJW, MR/M012190/1 to TK [EPIC-Oxford, United Kingdom]). 1

This research was funded by the Women?s Health Dexeus Foundation (R.Z.-R.). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). 1

This research was funded by the french National Agency for Research (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) grant number ANR-16-CE22-0012. 1

This research was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The work performed by the Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch at IARC was supported by grants from the Institut National du Cancer (INCa, France), the European Commission (EC) Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Translational Cancer Research (TRANSCAN) Framework, the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (France), and la Ligue Nationale (Française) Contre le Cancer to ZH. The MCCS methylation work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 1011618 and 1164455) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. The work performed at Imperial College London was funded by Breast Cancer Now and supported by the Cancer Research UK Imperial Centre, the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre and the Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre. MCS is a National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellow (GNT1155163). 1

This research was supported by the Chair Modeling for sustainable development, driven by MINES ParisTech, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, and AgroParisTech, supported by ADEME, EDF, GRTgaz, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC and the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. 1

This research was supported by the Foundation FondaMental, Institut National de la Sant ́e et de la Recherche M ́edicale (INSERM), AP-HP, and by the Investissements d'Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 and ANR-10-COHO-10-01. Thisfunding source had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript forpublication. 1

This research was supported by the Foundation FondaMental, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP- HP, and by the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR- 11- IDEX- 0004- 02 and ANR- 10-COHO- 10- 01. This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR- 18-CE37- 0002). We thank INSERM and Labex BioPsy for the PhD funding (Poste Accueil) to DGL. CMC is supported by the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). These funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 1

This research was supported by the Foundation FondaMental, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), and by the Investissements d'Avenir program managed by the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 and ANR-10-COHO-10-01. The funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 1

This research was supported by the French Government under the “Investment for the Future” program managed by the National Research Agency (ANR), grant n˚ ANR-10-COHO-0004 (FA) and by a Clinical Research Fellowship from the French government (EGK). 1

This research work was supported by R´egion Aquitaine and by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of ESA’s program NPI n. 4000109882/13/NL/GLC/al 1

This study could have been done through a grant of the Foch Foundation, a non-profit institution, and a grant of the French Ministry of Health/DGOS/CRC3F. 1

This study is supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health and the French National Cancer Institute (PHRC-K 2019 Inca-DGOS_14333 and PRT-K 2020–15324). It is also carried out with the support of MSD France. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of MSD France. 1

This study is supported by the "Département de la recherche Clinique et du développement AP-HP", Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC), Boulogne Billancourt, France promotor code: AOM11223, P110136, budget: 18 000 euros.Funding was received from Allergan® for the translation of this article. In addition, Allergan® will provide the medical supplies. 1

This study received a grant from French ministry of health (Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé, DGOS, Grant No: DGOS_2574). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. 1

This study was financially supported by Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (Département de la Recherche Clinique et du Développement), by INSERM (grant RCT 2010) and by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM, grant number DMP20101120408). 1

This study was funded by Médecins Sans Frontières and the European Commission 1

This study was funded by a National Health Ministry (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique) and the 6th framework program of the European Commission (Ingenious HyperCare Network of Excellence; contract number LSHM-CT-2006-037093). 1

This study was funded by a grant from the Assistance Publique - Hôpitauxde Paris (AP-HP : Direction de la Recherche Clinique et du Développement).The Unité de Recherche Clinique was responsible for independent datamonitoring and analysis (Aurore Caumont-Prim) under the supervision of oursponsor (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris; project code: P101102,SAINVAPU study). The sponsor had no role in study design, in the collection,analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report and in thedecision to submit the article for publication. 1

This study was funded by a grant from the Research & Development Office, a directorate of the Northern Ireland Health and Social Services Central Services Agency (RRG project 9.8). The PRIME study was funded by Merck Sharpe & Dohme / Chibret (France). 1

This study was funded by an