Global distribution of earthworm diversity
Helen R.P. Phillips
(1, 2)
,
Carlos A. Guerra
(1, 3)
,
Marie L.C. Bartz
(4)
,
Maria J.I. Briones
(5)
,
George Brown
(6)
,
Thomas W. Crowther
(7)
,
Olga Ferlian
(1, 2)
,
Konstantin B. Gongalsky
(8, 9)
,
Johan van den Hoogen
(7)
,
Julia Krebs
(1, 2)
,
Alberto Orgiazzi
(10)
,
Devin Routh
(7)
,
Benjamin Schwarz
(11)
,
Elizabeth M Bach
(12)
,
Joanne Bennett
(1, 3)
,
Ulrich Brose
(1, 13)
,
Thibaud Decaëns
(14)
,
Birgitta König-Ries
(1, 13)
,
Michel Loreau
(15)
,
Jérôme Mathieu
(16)
,
Christian Mulder
(17)
,
Wim H. van Der Putten
(18, 19)
,
Kelly S. Ramirez
(18)
,
Matthias C. Rillig
(20, 21)
,
David Russell
(22)
,
Michiel Rutgers
(23)
,
Madhav P. Thakur
(18)
,
Franciska T. de Vries
(23)
,
Diana H. Wall
(12, 24)
,
David A. Wardle
(25)
,
Miwa Arai
(26)
,
Fredrick O. Ayuke
(27)
,
Geoff H. Baker
(28)
,
Robin Beauséjour
(29)
,
José C. Bedano
(30)
,
Klaus Birkhofer
(31)
,
Eric Blanchart
(32)
,
Bernd Blossey
(33)
,
Thomas Bolger
(34, 35)
,
Robert L. Bradley
(29)
,
Mac A. Callaham
(36)
,
Yvan Capowiez
(37)
,
Mark E. Caulfield
(19)
,
Amy Choi
(38)
,
Felicity V. Crotty
(39)
,
Andrea Dávalos
(33, 40)
,
Darío J. Diaz Cosin
(41)
,
Anahí Dominguez
(30)
,
Andrés Esteban Duhour
(42)
,
Nick van Eekeren
(43)
,
Christoph Emmerling
(44)
,
Liliana B. Falco
(45, 42)
,
Rosa Fernández
(46, 42)
,
Steven J. Fonte
(24)
,
Carlos Fragoso
(47)
,
André L.C. Franco
(12)
,
Martine Fugère
(29)
,
Abegail T. Fusilero
(48)
,
Shaieste Gholami
(49)
,
Michael J. Gundale
(50)
,
Mónica Gutiérrez López
(41)
,
Davorka K. Hackenberger
(51)
,
Luis M. Hernández
(52)
,
Takuo Hishi
(53)
,
Andrew R. Holdsworth
(54)
,
Martin Holmstrup
(55)
,
Kristine N. Hopfensperger
(56)
,
Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
(19, 19)
,
Veikko Huhta
(57)
,
Tunsisa T. Hurisso
(58, 59)
,
Basil V. Iannone Iii
(60)
,
Madalina Iordache
(61)
,
Monika Joschko
(62)
,
Nobuhiro Kaneko
(63)
,
Radoslava Kanianska
(64)
,
Aidan M. Keith
(65)
,
Courtland A. Kelly
(66)
,
Maria L. Kernecker
(62)
,
Jonatan Klaminder
(67)
,
Armand W. Koné
(68)
,
Yahya Kooch
(69)
,
Sanna T. Kukkonen
(70)
,
H. Lalthanzara
(71)
,
Daniel R. Lammel
(21, 72)
,
Iurii M. Lebedev
(8, 9)
,
Yiqing Li
(73)
,
Juan B. Jesus Lidon
(41)
,
Noa K. Lincoln
(74)
,
Scott R. Loss
(75)
,
Raphaël Marichal
(76)
,
Radim Matula
(77)
,
Jan Hendrik Moos
(78, 79)
,
Gerardo Moreno
(80)
,
Alejandro Morón-Ríos
(81)
,
Bart Muys
(82)
,
Johan Neirynck
(83)
,
Lindsey Norgrove
(84)
,
Marta Novo
(41)
,
Visa Nuutinen
(70)
,
Victoria Nuzzo
(85)
,
Mujeeb Rahman P
(86)
,
Johan Pansu
(87, 88)
,
Shishir Paudel
(89)
,
Guénola Pérès
(90)
,
Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho
(91)
,
Raúl Piñeiro
(92)
,
Jean-François Ponge
(93)
,
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
(94, 95)
,
Salvador Rebollo
(91)
,
Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias
(5)
,
Miguel A. Rodriguez
(96)
,
Alexander M. Roth
(97, 98)
,
Guillaume X. Rousseau
(52, 99)
,
Anna Rozen
(100)
,
Ehsan Sayad
(101)
,
Loes van Schaik
(102)
,
Bryant C. Scharenbroch
(103)
,
Michael Schirrmann
(104)
,
Olaf Schmidt
(34, 34)
,
Boris Schröder
(20, 105)
,
Julia Seeber
(106, 107)
,
Maxim P. Shashkov
(108, 109)
,
Jaswinder Singh
(110)
,
Sandy M. Smith
(111)
,
Michael Steinwandter
(107)
,
José A. Talavera
(112)
,
Dolores Trigo
(41)
,
Jiro Tsukamoto
(113)
,
Anne W. de Valença
(114)
,
Steven J. Vanek
(66)
,
Iñigo Virto
(115)
,
Adrian A. Wackett
(116)
,
Matthew W. Warren
(117)
,
Nathaniel H. Wehr
(74)
,
Joann K. Whalen
(118)
,
Michael B. Wironen
(119)
,
Volkmar Wolters
(120)
,
Irina V. Zenkova
(121)
,
Weixin Zhang
(122)
,
Erin K. Cameron
(123, 124)
,
Nico Eisenhauer
(1, 2)
1
iDiv -
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
2 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
3 MLU - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg
4 Universidade Positivo = Positivo University [Curitiba]
5 Universidade de Vigo
6 Embrapa Florestas = Embrapa Forestry
7 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
8 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
9 MSU - Lomonosov Moscow State University
10 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
11 Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis
12 Department of Biology [Fort Collins]
13 Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany]
14 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
15 SETE - Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale
16 iEES - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris
17 Unict - Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania
18 Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen]
19 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
20 BBIB - Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research
21 Freie Universität Berlin
22 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz
23 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
24 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
25 ASE - Asian School of the Environment
26 NARO - National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
27 UoN - University of Nairobi
28 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
29 UdeS - Département de biologie [Sherbrooke]
30 UNRC - National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
31 BTU - Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg]
32 UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes
33 Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS]
34 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
35 SBES - School of Biology and Environmental Sciences
36 USDA Forest Service
37 EMMAH - Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes
38 University of Toronto
39 Aberystwyth University
40 Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland
41 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid]
42 Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires]
43 LBI - Louis Bolk Institute
44 Trier University of Applied Sciences
45 Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan
46 IBE - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona]
47 Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C.
48 Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao
49 Razi University of Kermanshah
50 Department of Forest Ecology and Management
51 Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
52 UEMA - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão
53 Kyushu University
54 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
55 Aarhus University [Aarhus]
56 Northern Kentucky University
57 JYU - Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ]
58 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
59 College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri
60 UF|IFAS|FFGS - School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville]
61 Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael the 1st of Romania"
62 ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research
63 Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University
64 UMB - Matej Bel University
65 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster]
66 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
67 CIRC - Climate Impacts Research Centre
68 UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua
69 Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran]
70 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
71 Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College
72 ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"
73 College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo
74 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
75 Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University
76 UPR Système de pérennes - Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes
77 Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences
78 Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg
79 Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming
80 Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura
81 Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur
82 EES - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven]
83 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
84 School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
85 Natural Area Consultants
86 Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College
87 CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO
88 ADMM - Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin
89 Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University
90 SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation
91 Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá
92 Computing, ESEI, Vigo
93 MECADEV - Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution
94 Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University
95 CUI - COMSATS University Islamabad
96 Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá
97 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
98 Friends of the Mississippi River
99 Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão
100 UJ - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University
101 Natural Resources Department, Razi University
102 TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin
103 College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin
104 ATB - Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy [Potsdam]
105 Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig
106 Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck]
107 Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research
108 Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science
109 Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences
110 Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar
111 John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto
112 ULL - Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP]
113 Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University
114 Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands
115 UPNA - Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra
116 Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota
117 Earth Innovation Institute
118 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
119 The Nature Conservancy
120 JLU - Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University
121 Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems
122 Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University
123 Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University
124 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki]
2 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
3 MLU - Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg
4 Universidade Positivo = Positivo University [Curitiba]
5 Universidade de Vigo
6 Embrapa Florestas = Embrapa Forestry
7 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
8 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
9 MSU - Lomonosov Moscow State University
10 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
11 Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis
12 Department of Biology [Fort Collins]
13 Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany]
14 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
15 SETE - Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale
16 iEES - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris
17 Unict - Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania
18 Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen]
19 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
20 BBIB - Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research
21 Freie Universität Berlin
22 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz
23 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
24 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
25 ASE - Asian School of the Environment
26 NARO - National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
27 UoN - University of Nairobi
28 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
29 UdeS - Département de biologie [Sherbrooke]
30 UNRC - National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
31 BTU - Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg]
32 UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes
33 Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS]
34 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
35 SBES - School of Biology and Environmental Sciences
36 USDA Forest Service
37 EMMAH - Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes
38 University of Toronto
39 Aberystwyth University
40 Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland
41 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid]
42 Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires]
43 LBI - Louis Bolk Institute
44 Trier University of Applied Sciences
45 Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan
46 IBE - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona]
47 Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C.
48 Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao
49 Razi University of Kermanshah
50 Department of Forest Ecology and Management
51 Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
52 UEMA - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão
53 Kyushu University
54 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
55 Aarhus University [Aarhus]
56 Northern Kentucky University
57 JYU - Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ]
58 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
59 College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri
60 UF|IFAS|FFGS - School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville]
61 Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael the 1st of Romania"
62 ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research
63 Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University
64 UMB - Matej Bel University
65 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster]
66 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
67 CIRC - Climate Impacts Research Centre
68 UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua
69 Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran]
70 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
71 Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College
72 ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"
73 College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo
74 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
75 Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University
76 UPR Système de pérennes - Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes
77 Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences
78 Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg
79 Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming
80 Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura
81 Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur
82 EES - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven]
83 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
84 School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
85 Natural Area Consultants
86 Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College
87 CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO
88 ADMM - Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin
89 Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University
90 SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation
91 Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá
92 Computing, ESEI, Vigo
93 MECADEV - Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution
94 Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University
95 CUI - COMSATS University Islamabad
96 Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá
97 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
98 Friends of the Mississippi River
99 Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão
100 UJ - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University
101 Natural Resources Department, Razi University
102 TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin
103 College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin
104 ATB - Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy [Potsdam]
105 Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig
106 Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck]
107 Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research
108 Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science
109 Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences
110 Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar
111 John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto
112 ULL - Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP]
113 Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University
114 Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands
115 UPNA - Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra
116 Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota
117 Earth Innovation Institute
118 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
119 The Nature Conservancy
120 JLU - Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University
121 Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems
122 Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University
123 Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University
124 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki]
Benjamin Schwarz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 874171
Ulrich Brose
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1018700
Thibaud Decaëns
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761454
- IdHAL : thibaud-decaens
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0915-3882
- IdRef : 114686343
Birgitta König-Ries
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1030136
Michel Loreau
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 178300
- IdHAL : michel-loreau
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0122-495X
- IdRef : 072615680
Jérôme Mathieu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 9218
- IdHAL : jerome-mathieu
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9106-6106
- IdRef : 089025148
Yvan Capowiez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1207345
- IdHAL : yvancapowiez
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5495-5775
- IdRef : 151743452
Carlos Fragoso
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 962974
Gerardo Moreno
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 847305
Bart Muys
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 940362
Guénola Pérès
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1200942
- IdHAL : guenola-peres
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4822-2572
Jean-François Ponge
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 3847
- IdHAL : jean-francois-ponge
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6504-5267
- IdRef : 05986317X
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1033234
Olaf Schmidt
- Fonction : Auteur
Maxim P. Shashkov
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, distribution, and the threats affecting them. Here, we compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries to predict patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We identified that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, diversity across the entirety of the tropics may be higher than elsewhere, due to high species dissimilarity across locations. Climate variables were more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and therefore the functions they provide.
| Origine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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