In Europe, an increasingly great part of the public subsidies for the food production are transferred towards the production of goods and environmental services. Today, farmers hesitate, on one hand, to search for the technical and economical performance which is the paradigme of their professional activities since 1960 or, on the other hand, to take into account enviromental concerns that are imposed since the middle 80`s. Is it then possible for the farmers to still work according to the paradigm of the producer of agri-food goods and how do they react towards the ecologisation of their activities? In the paper, we will see which difficulties and sources of tension induces one aspect of the environmental concerns - the maintenance of the landscape - in the daily professional practices of the farmers. We will see that the professional identity of the farmers is deeply questionned by these changes (subsitution of strictly "agricultural issues" by more general concerns as "rural issues", effacement of the farmer to the profit of the "ecologized" peasant~). The topic of the landscape reveals social strains between farmers. It also raises the question of the legitimacy of the farmers to define the sense of their activities by themselves. We will see finally that the environmental orientations systematically do not open new prospects for all the farmers ; they sometimes contribute to reinforce the inequalities between farmers (financial support proportional to the land property, marginalisation of the farmers that are less socially integrated~)