Temporal integration of diurnal variations of metals and mercury concentrations by passive sampling method in a highly polluted site on the Deûle River, northern France
Intégration temporelle des variations diurnes des concentrations en métaux et mercure par échantillonnage passif sur un site très polluée du canal de la Deûle dans le Nord de la France
Résumé
Due to several metallurgical plants along the river, the Deûle River is a highly polluted site in the northern France. Previous studies showed that sediments are polluted with Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg (Vdovic et al., 2006). Moreover, intense fluvial traffic generates regular resuspension of sediments leading to diurnal variations of metals concentrations in the dissolved and particulate phases. This was previously highlighted by in situ voltammetry approaches allowing to measure Pb, Zn and Cd with a high frequency data acquisition (Superville et al., 2014). However, these measurements could not be performed for Hg with such probes, while previous field deployment of DGT (Diffusive gradient in Thin films) passive sampler suggested such variations. Indeed, time weighed average concentrations were 20 times higher (20 ng/L) than those measured in grab samples (≈ 1 ng/L). Thus, a field campaign was conducted during 15 days to assess diurnal variations of metals and Hg concentrations (dissolved, particulate and labile phases) related to fluvial traffic in the Deûle River, in the city of Auby, downstream a metallurgical plant (Umicore). During the first week, DGT were exposed and grab samples were collected with a high sampling frequency (night and day). Then, a second set of DGT were exposed during the second week. The resuspension of particles and anoxic sediment caused by fluvial traffic was highlighted by the simultaneous increase of ammonium (< 0.02 µg/L to 0.38 µg/L) and SPM concentrations (3 to 34 mg/L). The analysis of metals and Hg in SPM showed increases of Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd concentrations in the particulate phase. The analysis of particulate Hg after two different filtrations at two cut-off points (0.45 and 0.70 µm) showed that particulate Hg re-suspended by fluvial traffic was mostly in the coarse fraction of SPM. Furthermore, the increase of SPM concentrations was related with an increase in dissolved Hg concentrations. These results suggest that when the anoxic sediment is remobilized by barge traffic, particles could be oxidized inducing a release of Hg. Moreover, since changes in redox conditions could also induce modifications in Hg speciation, further analysis will be carried out to measure Hg2+ and CH3Hg+. Finally, the interpretation of DGT measurements will show how well DGT integrate variations of inorganic contaminants concentrations during the exposure period.