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Poster De Conférence Année : 2018

Building a Life Cycle Inventory of stormwater pollutant fluxes: model evaluation for a separate residential urban catchment

Construction d'un inventaire de cycle de vie pour les flux de polluants des eaux pluviales: évaluation d'un modèle pour un bassin versant séparatif urbain

Résumé

Current life cycle assessment studies of urban wastewater systems (UWS) substantially underestimate impacts of these systems to receiving waters by not including stormwater pollution generated from the impervious surfaces of urbanized catchments. To this date, UWS are typically modelled with average discharges of treated effluents in dry conditions. In recent work, untreated stormwater discharges were shown to be significant on the freshwater ecotoxicity impact at year and event scales. Stormwater pollution typically shows a high spatio-temporal variability owing to (i) a variety of anthropogenic activities/sources within the urban catchment and (ii) rainfall specificities of local climates. The links between urban land uses, associated activities and stormwater pollution are missing in existing LCA methodology and warrant further developments. In order to address this issue we propose to implement a fate model for pollutant emissions from relevant urban sources within the life cycle inventory (LCI) of an urban catchment. The main objective of the proposed framework is to provide site-dependent LCI of stormwater pollutant fluxes for residential urban catchments with separate sewer networks. Major urban sources contributing significantly to stormwater pollution are defined and linked to the urban structure. The model hierarchy is built on four levels from micro-scale (elementary urban surfaces) to meso-scale (city). Urban sources within the catchment contribute to stormwater pollution by emitting pollutants following either (i) a direct deposition route to urban surfaces (e.g. brake wear, metal roof corrosion) or (ii) an atmospheric emission followed by a partial deposition (e.g. diesel exhaust gases from vehicles). The resulting build-up of pollutants on elementary urban surfaces was modelled for each primary source. During storm events the wash-off and transport of available pollutants via runoff were calculated for different urban surfaces. Stormwater fluxes were aggregated at wider scales (block, neighborhood and city) using a semi-distributed dynamic rainfall-runoff model SWMM. The proposed framework was evaluated on a virtual urban catchment under two contrasted climates with different rainfall distribution. Pollutant fluxes from urban surfaces were analysed and compared for each climate over a one year period. Stormwater LCI results showed a site-dependency under a given climate, and a minor sensitivity to rainfall distribution.
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Dates et versions

hal-02607543 , version 1 (16-05-2020)

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Eva Risch, P. Roux, Ralph Rosenbaum, C. Sinfort. Building a Life Cycle Inventory of stormwater pollutant fluxes: model evaluation for a separate residential urban catchment. SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting, May 2018, Rome, Italy. pp.2, 2018. ⟨hal-02607543⟩
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