Studying the structure and understanding processes acting in the Earth system at various temporal and spatial scales in order also to predict its evolution and extreme events demand an easy and interoperable access to the numerous observation data acquired on ground, in oceans, from space,... regardless their nature and mode of collection. Indeed, to study the Earth System today requires to take into account processes acting in each terrestrial component but also to understand how they interact. In the meantime, the fantastic evolution of the observation techniques results in an unprecedented increase of the rate and volume of data acquisition. This requires innovative plan easing analysis, dissemination and smart use of data and models from national and international observing systems on the entire Earth System and their access by the scientific community, public policy actors and citizens. This is why we are currently setting the Earth System data and services research infrastructure in the framework of the French national roadmap. Our project federates for the time being four data and services poles dedicated to the four physical compartments of the Earth System: Aeris for the atmosphere, Odatis for the oceans, Theia for continental surfaces and ForM@Ter for the solid Earth. Our goal is to give an easy access to data (mainly satellite and in situ) and to generate derived products (including modeling) usable by all scientific communities studying our globe as well as by public policy actors.