Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele
J.A. Jaffey
(1)
,
M. Pavlick
(2)
,
C.R. Webster
(2)
,
G.E. Moore
(3)
,
K.A. Mcdaniel
(1)
,
S.L. Blois
(4)
,
E.M. Brand
(5)
,
C.F. Reich
(5)
,
L. Motschenbacher
(6)
,
E.T. Hostnik
(7)
,
D. Su
(8)
,
J.A. Lidbury
(9)
,
O. Raab
(10)
,
S.V. Carr
(11)
,
K.E. Mabry
(11)
,
W. Fox-Alvarez
(12)
,
S. Townsend
(12)
,
S. Palermo
(13)
,
Y. Nakazono
(14)
,
K. Ohno
(14)
,
E. Vaneerde
(15)
,
H. Fieten
(16)
,
A.H. Hulsman
(16)
,
K. Cooley-Lock
(17)
,
M. Dunning
(18)
,
C. Kisielewicz
(18)
,
A. Zoia
(19)
,
M. Caldin
(19)
,
A. Conti-Patara
(20)
,
L. Ross
(17)
,
C. Mansfield
(21)
,
O. Lynn
(21)
,
M.A. Claus
(22)
,
P.J. Watson
(23)
,
A. Swallow
(23)
,
D.A. Yool
(24)
,
K. Gommeren
(25)
,
M. Knops
(25)
,
V. Ceplecha
(26)
,
H. de Rooster
(27)
,
R. Lobetti
(28)
,
Olivier Dossin
(29)
,
Franck Jolivet
(29)
,
L.G. Papazoglou
(30)
,
M.C.F. Pappalardo
(31)
,
F. Manczur
(32)
,
Z. Dudás-Györki
(32)
,
E.J. O’neill
(33)
,
C. Martinez
(33)
,
A. Gal
(34)
,
R.L. Owen
(34)
,
E. Gunn
(35)
,
K. Brown
(35)
,
L.K. Harder
(36)
,
C. Griebsch
(37)
,
K.P. Anfinsen
(38)
,
T.K. Gron
(38)
,
V. Marchetti
(39)
,
R.M. Heilmann
(40)
,
P. Pazzi
(41)
,
A.E. Declue
(42)
1
Mizzou -
University of Missouri [Columbia]
2 Tufts University
3 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
4 University of Guelph
5 Michigan State University [East Lansing]
6 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
7 OSU - Ohio State University [Columbus]
8 University of Tennessee
9 Texas A&M University System
10 University of Prince Edward Island
11 Virginia Tech [Blacksburg]
12 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
13 University of Pennsylvania
14 UTokyo - The University of Tokyo
15 ISU - Iowa State University
16 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
17 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
18 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
19 San Marco Veterinary Clinic
20 WSU - Washington State University
21 University of Melbourne
22 Murdoch University
23 Department of Veterinary Medicine
24 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
25 Université de Liège
26 VFU - University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno]
27 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
28 Bryanston Veterinary Hospital
29 IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive
30 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
31 Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine
32 University of Veterinary Medicine
33 University of Dublin
34 Massey University
35 University of Glasgow
36 University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
37 University of Sydney
38 Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences
39 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
40 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
41 University of Pretoria [South Africa]
42 Pride Veterinary Centre
2 Tufts University
3 Purdue University [West Lafayette]
4 University of Guelph
5 Michigan State University [East Lansing]
6 UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities]
7 OSU - Ohio State University [Columbus]
8 University of Tennessee
9 Texas A&M University System
10 University of Prince Edward Island
11 Virginia Tech [Blacksburg]
12 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
13 University of Pennsylvania
14 UTokyo - The University of Tokyo
15 ISU - Iowa State University
16 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
17 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
18 UON - University of Nottingham, UK
19 San Marco Veterinary Clinic
20 WSU - Washington State University
21 University of Melbourne
22 Murdoch University
23 Department of Veterinary Medicine
24 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
25 Université de Liège
26 VFU - University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno]
27 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
28 Bryanston Veterinary Hospital
29 IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive
30 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
31 Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine
32 University of Veterinary Medicine
33 University of Dublin
34 Massey University
35 University of Glasgow
36 University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
37 University of Sydney
38 Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences
39 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
40 Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig
41 University of Pretoria [South Africa]
42 Pride Veterinary Centre
Résumé
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common extra-hepatic biliary syndrome in dogs with death rates ranging from 7 to 45%. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association of survival with variables that could be utilized to improve clinical decisions. A total of 1194 dogs with a gross and histopathological diagnosis of GBM were included from 41 veterinary referral hospitals in this retrospective study. Dogs with GBM that demonstrated abnormal clinical signs had significantly greater odds of death than subclinical dogs in a univariable analysis (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.14–8.23; P < 0.001). The multivariable model indicated that categorical variables including owner recognition of jaundice (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.19–3.77; P = 0.011), concurrent hyperadrenocorticism (OR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.08–3.47; P = 0.026), and Pomeranian breed (OR, 2.46; 95% CI 1.10–5.50; P = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of death, and vomiting was associated with decreased odds of death (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30–0.72; P = 0.001). Continuous variables in the multivariable model, total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01– 1.04; P < 0.001) and age (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08–1.26; P < 0.001), were associated with increased odds of death. The clinical utility of total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration as a biomarker to predict death was poor with a sensitivity of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54–0.69) and a specificity of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59–0.66). This study identified several prognostic variables in dogs with GBM including total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration, age, clinical signs, concurrent hyperadrenocorticism, and the Pomeranian breed. The presence of hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus did not impact outcome in this study.