Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora
Hans Ter Steege
(1, 2)
,
Nigel C.A. Pitman
(3)
,
Daniel Sabatier
(4, 5)
,
Christopher Baraloto
(6)
,
Rafael P. Salomão
(7)
,
Juan Ernesto Guevara
(8)
,
Oliver L. Phillpps
(9)
,
Carolina V. Castilho
(10)
,
William E. Magnusson
(11)
,
Jean-François Molino
(4, 5)
,
Abel Monteagudo
(12)
,
Percy Núñez Vargas
(13)
,
Juan Carlos Montero
(14, 11)
,
Ted R. Feldpausch
(9, 15)
,
Euridice N. Honorio Coronado
(16, 9)
,
Tim J. Killeen
(17)
,
Bonifacio Mostacedo
(18)
,
Rodolfo Vásquez
(12)
,
Rafael L. Assis
(11, 19)
,
John Terborgh
(3)
,
Florian Wittman
(20)
,
Ana Andrade
(11)
,
William F. Laurance
(21)
,
Susan G.W. Laurance
(21)
,
Beatriz S. Marimon
(22)
,
Ben-Hur Jr. Marimon
(22)
,
Ima Cèlia Guimarães Vieira
(23)
,
Lêda Leao Amaral
(11)
,
Roel Brienen
(9)
,
Hernán Castellanos
(24)
,
Dairon Caedenas Lopez
(25)
,
Joost F. Duivenvoorden
(26)
,
Hugo F. Mogollón
(27)
,
Francisca Dionizia de Almeida Matos
(11)
,
Nallarett Davilla
(28)
,
Roosevelt García-Villacorta
(29, 30)
,
Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz
(31)
,
Flávia Costa
(11)
,
Thaise Emilio
(11)
,
Carolina Levis
(11)
,
Juliana Schietti
(11)
,
Priscilla Souza
(11)
,
Alfonso Alfonso
(32)
,
Francisco Dallmeier
(32)
,
Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya
(33)
,
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
(11)
,
Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
(34)
,
Luzmila Arroyo
(34)
,
Rogério Gribel
(35)
,
Paul V. A. Fine
(36)
,
Carlos A. Peres
(37)
,
Marisol Toledo
(38)
,
Gerardo A. Aymard C.
(39)
,
Tim R. Baker
(9)
,
Carlos Cerón
(40)
,
Julien Engel
(6)
,
Terry W. Henkel
(41)
,
Paul Maas
(1)
,
Pascal Petronelli
(42)
,
Juliana Stropp
(43)
,
Charles Eugene Zartman
(11)
,
Doug Daly
(44)
,
David Neill
(45)
,
Marcos Silveira
(46)
,
Marcos Ríos Paredes
(47)
,
Jerome Chave
(48)
,
Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho
(11)
,
Peter Moller Jorgensen
(12)
,
Alfredo Fuentes
(49, 12)
,
Jochen Schöngart
(20, 50)
,
Fernando Cornejo Valverde
(51)
,
Anthony Di Fiore
(52)
,
Eliana M. Jimenez
(53)
,
Maria Christina Penuela Mora
(53)
,
Juan - Fernando Phillips
(54)
,
Gonzalo Rivas
(55)
,
Tinde R. van Andel
(1)
,
Patricio von Hildebrand
(54)
,
Bruce Hoffman
(1)
,
Egleé L. Zent
(56)
,
Yadvinder Malhi
(57)
,
Adriana Prieto
(58)
,
Agustin Rudas
(58)
,
Ademir R. Ruschell
(10)
,
Natalino Silva
(59)
,
Vincent Vos
(60)
,
Stanfort Zent
(56)
,
Alexandre A. Oliveira
(61)
,
Angela Cano Schutz
(31)
,
Therany Gonzales
(62)
,
Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
(63)
,
Hirma Ramírez Angulo
(31)
,
Rodrigo Sierra
(64)
,
Milton Tirado
,
Maria Natalia Umaña Medina
(31)
,
Geertje van Der Heijden
,
César I.A. Vela
,
Emilio Vilanova Torre
(31)
,
Corinne Vriesendorp
,
Ophelia Wang
1
Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden]
2 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
3 Duke University [Durham]
4 IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
5 UMR AMAP - BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes
6 ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
7 Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
8 Department of Integrative Biology
9 SoGE - School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford]
10 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
11 INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research
12 Missouri Botanical Garden
13 UNSAAC - Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco
14 Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project
15 University of Exeter
16 IIAP - Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
17 WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature
18 Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno
19 NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Sciences
20 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
21 JCU - James Cook University
22 UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
23 MPEG - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil]
24 Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana
25 Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas
26 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
27 Endangered Species Coalition
28 UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas
29 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
30 Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh]
31 Universidad de Los Andes,
32 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
33 Departamento de Ciencias Forestales
34 Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie]
35 Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
36 Department of Integrative Biology
37 Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences
38 IBIF - Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal
39 Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales
40 UCE - Universidad Central del Ecuador
41 HSU - Humboldt State University
42 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
43 JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra]
44 NYBG - New York Botanical Garden
45 Universidad Estatal Amazonica
46 UFAC - Universidade Federal do Acre
47 Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL
48 EDB - Evolution et Diversité Biologique
49 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia
50 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
51 Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
52 University of Texas at Austin [Austin]
53 Universidad Nacional de Colombia
54 Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo
55 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
56 IVIC - Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas = Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research
57 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment
58 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
59 UFRA - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
60 Universidad Autonoma del Beni
61 Universidade Federal de São Paulo
62 Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation
63 UENF - Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
64 GeoIS - Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda
2 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
3 Duke University [Durham]
4 IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
5 UMR AMAP - BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes
6 ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
7 Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
8 Department of Integrative Biology
9 SoGE - School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford]
10 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
11 INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research
12 Missouri Botanical Garden
13 UNSAAC - Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco
14 Bolivia Sustainable Forest Management Project
15 University of Exeter
16 IIAP - Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
17 WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature
18 Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno
19 NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Sciences
20 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
21 JCU - James Cook University
22 UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
23 MPEG - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil]
24 Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana
25 Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas
26 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
27 Endangered Species Coalition
28 UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas
29 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
30 Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh]
31 Universidad de Los Andes,
32 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
33 Departamento de Ciencias Forestales
34 Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie]
35 Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
36 Department of Integrative Biology
37 Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences
38 IBIF - Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal
39 Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales
40 UCE - Universidad Central del Ecuador
41 HSU - Humboldt State University
42 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
43 JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra]
44 NYBG - New York Botanical Garden
45 Universidad Estatal Amazonica
46 UFAC - Universidade Federal do Acre
47 Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL
48 EDB - Evolution et Diversité Biologique
49 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia
50 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
51 Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
52 University of Texas at Austin [Austin]
53 Universidad Nacional de Colombia
54 Fundacion Puerto Rastrojo
55 UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]
56 IVIC - Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas = Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research
57 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment
58 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
59 UFRA - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
60 Universidad Autonoma del Beni
61 Universidade Federal de São Paulo
62 Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research Foundation
63 UENF - Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
64 GeoIS - Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda
Jean-François Molino
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 178998
- IdHAL : jean-francois-molino
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8853-7133
- IdRef : 231176376
John Terborgh
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 772009
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1853-8311
Julien Engel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740115
- IdHAL : julien-engel
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8078-9309
Marcos Silveira
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 772008
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0485-7872
Jerome Chave
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 180171
- IdHAL : jerome-chave
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7766-1347
- IdRef : 069913935
Jochen Schöngart
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 769867
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7696-9657
Yadvinder Malhi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761762
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3503-4783
- IdRef : 090250486
Milton Tirado
- Fonction : Auteur
Geertje van Der Heijden
- Fonction : Auteur
César I.A. Vela
- Fonction : Auteur
Corinne Vriesendorp
- Fonction : Auteur
Ophelia Wang
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species—less diverse than the North American tree flora—accounts for half of the world’s most diverse tree community.