The widespread insecticide resistance raises concerns for vector control implementation and sustainability particularly forthe control of the main vector of human malaria,Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. However, the extent to which insecticideresistance mechanisms interfere with the development of the malignant malaria parasite in its vector and their impact onoverall malaria transmission remains unknown. We explore the impact of insecticide resistance on the outcome ofPlasmodium falciparuminfection in its natural vector using threeAn. gambiaestrains sharing a common geneticbackground, one susceptible to insecticides and two resistant, one homozygous for theace-1Rmutation and one for thekdrmutation. Experimental infections of the three strains were conducted in parallel with field isolates ofP. falciparumfromBurkina Faso (West Africa) by direct membrane feeding assays. Both insecticide resistant mutations influence the outcomeof malaria infection by increasing the prevalence of infection. In contrast, thekdrresistant allele is associated with reducedparasite burden in infected individuals at the oocyst stage, when compared to the susceptible strain, while theace-1Rresistant allele showing no such association. Thus insecticide resistance, which is particularly problematic for malaria controlefforts, impacts vector competence towardsP. falciparumand probably parasite transmission through increased sporozoiteprevalence inkdrresistant mosquitoes. These results are of great concern for the epidemiology of malaria considering thewidespread pyrethroid resistance currently observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and the efforts deployed to control the disease