Hybrid poplars (Populus tremula ×Populus tremuloides) have been genetically engineered viaAgrobacterium tumefaciens, to express a syntheticcry3Aa gene derived from the native Bacillusthuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis cry3Aa gene.The presence and the expression of the transgene have been verified in fourtransgenic poplar lines, using Southern, northern and western analyses. Thetransgenic poplar's toxicity towards the phytophagous beetleChrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) has beenassessed on six month-old greenhouse-grown selected plants in laboratoryconditions. Laboratory experiments consisted of feeding tests of fresh detachedleaves on C. tremulae at all developmental stages. Ourresults indicate that the transgenic poplar leaves, expressing a Cry3Aa proteinamount in a range of 0.05–0.0025% of total soluble protein, weredefinitely deleterious for C. tremulae, regardless of thedevelopmental stage.